<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><head><META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=us-ascii"><meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)"><style><!--
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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72" style='word-wrap:break-word'><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal>Thank you for the response and tip on UniDesc() function, Jonathan.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>My instructor and I are discussing other ways to do this particular part of the assignment.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Both my instructor and I tried the UniDesc function after loading BrailleR package, and couldn’t seem to make it work.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>I don’t know what my instructor tried, but what I tried was <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>`UniDesc(out.lm)` <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Where `out.lm` was my linear model …<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Is there a different way I should use the `UniDesc()` function or any other things I should be aware of?<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Miso<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='mso-ligatures:none'>From:</span></b><span style='mso-ligatures:none'> BlindRUG <blindrug-bounces@nfbnet.org> <b>On Behalf Of </b>Jonathan Godfrey via BlindRUG<br><b>Sent:</b> Sunday, November 26, 2023 4:56 PM<br><b>To:</b> Blind R Users Group <blindrug@nfbnet.org><br><b>Cc:</b> Jonathan Godfrey <A.J.Godfrey@massey.ac.nz><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [BlindRUG] Interpreting QQ Plot nonvisually or alternative approaches<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Hello Miso,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>I get asked this question a lot; far too often to be honest.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>You mentioned residuals, so I am assuming your question relates to fitting linear models (of any kind) using the `lm()` function.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>There are four assumptions for the linear model, least important of which is the normality of residuals. It is however the easiest one for sighted people to assess courtesy of the normal quantile plot.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>A lack of normality is often a symptom that another assumption is also questionable.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Not having the correct model, constant variance, and independence of residuals all have greater impact than the lack of normality. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>You can investigate most assumptions by way of fitting alternative models or making use of various hypothesis tests (variance and independence), not to forget the tests for normality. Many of these are used in the `UniDesc()` function in the BrailleR package.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Jonathan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='mso-ligatures:none'>From:</span></b><span style='mso-ligatures:none'> BlindRUG <<a href="mailto:blindrug-bounces@nfbnet.org">blindrug-bounces@nfbnet.org</a>> <b>On Behalf Of </b>Miso Kwak via BlindRUG<br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, November 27, 2023 10:58 AM<br><b>To:</b> 'Blind R Users Group' <<a href="mailto:blindrug@nfbnet.org">blindrug@nfbnet.org</a>><br><b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:misokwak12@gmail.com">misokwak12@gmail.com</a><br><b>Subject:</b> [BlindRUG] Interpreting QQ Plot nonvisually or alternative approaches<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-NZ><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal>Hello,<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Is there any way to understand a QQ Plot I produce in R nonvisually?<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Or is there any comparable alternative that would allow me to make interpretation on the distribution of residuals?<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Thank you in advance.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Miso<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></body></html>