<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body dir="auto"><br><br><div dir="ltr"><div><br></div>Jerry<div><br></div><div>Sent from my iPhone</div></div><div dir="ltr"><br>Begin forwarded message:<br><br></div><blockquote type="cite"><div dir="ltr"><b>From:</b> Brian Burrow<buhrow@nfbcal.org><br><b>Date:</b> January 31, 2023 at 1:23:23 PM EST<br><b>To:</b> brl-monitor@nfbcal.org<br><b>Subject:</b> <b>[Brl-monitor] The Braille Monitor, February 2023</b><br><b>Reply-To:</b> buhrow@nfbcal.org<br><br></div></blockquote><blockquote type="cite"><div dir="ltr">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"> <meta name="generator" content="pandoc"> <title>The Braille Monitor, February 2023 – The
Braille Monitor, February 2023</title> <div id="header"> <h1 class="title">The Braille Monitor,
February 2023</h1> </div> <h1 id="braille-monitor">BRAILLE MONITOR</h1> <p>Vol.
66, No. 2 February 2023</p> <p><em>Gary Wunder, Editor</em></p> <p>Distributed by
email, in inkprint, in Braille, and on USB flash drive, by the</p> <p>NATIONAL
FEDERATION OF THE BLIND</p> <p>Mark Riccobono, President</p> <p>telephone:
410-659-9314</p> <p>email address: <a href="mailto:nfb@nfb.org">nfb@nfb.org</a></p>
<p>website address: <a href="http://www.nfb.org">http://www.nfb.org</a></p>
<p>NFBnet.org: <a href="http://www.nfbnet.org">http://www.nfbnet.org</a></p>
<p>NFB-NEWSLINE® information: 866-504-7300</p> <p>Like us on Facebook:
Facebook.com/nationalfederationoftheblind</p> <p>Follow us on Twitter: @NFB_Voice</p>
<p>Watch and share our videos: YouTube.com/NationsBlind</p> <p>Letters to the
President, address changes, subscription requests, and orders for NFB literature
should be sent to the national office. Articles for the <em>Monitor</em> and
letters to the editor may also be sent to the national office or may be emailed
to <a href="mailto:gwunder@nfb.org">gwunder@nfb.org</a>.</p> <p><em>Monitor</em>
subscriptions cost the Federation about forty dollars per year. Members are invited,
and nonmembers are requested, to cover the subscription cost. Donations should be
made payable to <strong>National Federation of the Blind</strong> and sent to:</p>
<p>National Federation of the Blind</p> <p>200 East Wells Street<br> Baltimore,
Maryland 21230-4998</p> <p><strong>THE NATIONAL FEDERATION OF THE BLIND KNOWS THAT
BLINDNESS IS NOT THE CHARACTERISTIC THAT DEFINES YOU OR YOUR FUTURE. EVERY DAY WE
RAISE THE EXPECTATIONS OF BLIND PEOPLE, BECAUSE LOW EXPECTATIONS CREATE OBSTACLES
BETWEEN BLIND PEOPLE AND OUR DREAMS. YOU CAN LIVE THE LIFE YOU WANT; BLINDNESS IS
NOT WHAT HOLDS YOU BACK. THE NATIONAL FEDERATION OF THE BLIND IS NOT AN ORGANIZATION
SPEAKING FOR THE BLIND—IT IS THE BLIND SPEAKING FOR OURSELVES.</strong></p>
<p><em>ISSN 0006-8829</em></p> <p>© 2022 by the National Federation of the
Blind</p> <p>Each issue is recorded on a thumb drive (also called a memory stick
or USB flash drive). You can read this audio edition using a computer or a National
Library Service digital player. The NLS machine has two slots—the familiar
book-cartridge slot just above the retractable carrying handle and a second slot
located on the right side near the headphone jack. This smaller slot is used to
play thumb drives. Remove the protective rubber pad covering this slot and insert
the thumb drive. It will insert only in one position. If you encounter resistance,
flip the drive over and try again. (Note: If the cartridge slot is not empty when
you insert the thumb drive, the digital player will ignore the thumb drive.) Once
the thumb drive is inserted, the player buttons will function as usual for reading
digital materials. If you remove the thumb drive to use the player for cartridges,
when you insert it again, reading should resume at the point you stopped.</p>
<p>You can transfer the recording of each issue from the thumb drive to your
computer or preserve it on the thumb drive. However, because thumb drives can be
used hundreds of times, we would appreciate their return in order to stretch our
funding. Please use the return envelope enclosed with the drive when you return
the device.</p> <p>[PHOTO/CAPTION: Hilton Americas-Houston Convention Center
Hotel]</p> <h2 id="convention-bulletin-2023">Convention Bulletin 2023</h2> <p>There
are plenty of reasons one might travel to Houston, Texas, the fourth most populous
city in the United States. The city’s vibrant arts scene boasts the largest
concentration of theater seats outside of New York City. And no Houston resident
would let a visitor forget that the city is home to the 2022 World Series Champion
Houston Astros. There is little question that Houston has a great deal going for
it. The city’s real draw, however, is that it will play host to the National
Federation of the Blind’s 2023 National Convention.</p> <p>It has now been
more than fifty years since the largest gathering of the organized blind last
convened in Houston, Texas, and our return in 2023 will be an event not to be
missed. The Hilton Americas-Houston hotel (1600 Lamar Street, Houston, TX 77010)
will serve as our convention headquarters hotel. Situated in the heart of downtown
Houston across the street from the beautiful twelve-acre Discovery Green Park,
the Hilton Americas is an ideal location for our annual event. Ballrooms, breakout
space, and sleeping rooms are all stacked in the same tower housed on a single
city block, simplifying navigation and minimizing travel distances. In-room internet
is complimentary to all attendees as is access to the health club and swimming
pool on the 22nd floor. There are several dining options on the hotel’s
lobby level (including a Starbucks for those of you requiring a caffeine fix) and
many more choices within easy walking distance from the Hilton’s front
door.</p> <p>The nightly rate at the Hilton Americas-Houston is $119 for singles,
doubles, triples, and quads. In addition, the sales tax rate is 8.25 percent, and
the hotel occupancy tax rate is 17 percent. To book your room for the 2023
convention, call 1-800-236-2905 after January 1 and ask for the “NFB
Convention” block. For each room, the hotel will take a deposit of the
first night’s room rate and taxes and will require a credit card or a
personal check. If you use a credit card, the deposit will be charged against your
card immediately. If a reservation is cancelled before Thursday, June 1, 2023,
half of the deposit will be returned. Otherwise refunds will not be made.</p>
<p>We have also secured overflow space at the wonderful Marriott Marquis Houston.
The Marriott is only a three-block walk directly across Discovery Green, or
attendees can walk entirely indoors through the George R. Brown Convention Center,
connecting both hotels on the second level. You will find many of the same amenities
at the Marriott as well as a Texas-shaped lazy river pool. The room rate at the
Marriott Marquis is also $119 per night for singles, doubles, triples, and quads.
To book a room, call 1-877-622-3056 after January 1. Again, ask for the “NFB
Convention” block. Similarly, the same deposit and cancellation policies
apply.</p> <p>The 2023 convention of the National Federation of the Blind will be
a truly exciting and memorable event, with an unparalleled program and rededication
to the goals and work of our movement. A wide range of seminars for parents of
blind children, technology enthusiasts, job seekers, and other groups will kick
the week off on Saturday, July 1. Convention registration and registration packet
pick-up will also open on Saturday. Breakout sessions continue on Sunday along
with committee meetings. Monday, July 3, will kick off with the annual meeting,
open to all, of the Board of Directors of the National Federation of the Blind.
National division meetings will follow the board meeting that afternoon and evening.
General convention sessions will begin on Tuesday, July 4, and continue through
the afternoon of Thursday, July 6. Convention ends on a high note with the banquet
Thursday evening so be sure to pack your fancy clothes. The fall of the gavel at
the close of banquet will signal convention’s adjournment.</p> <p>Remember
that, as usual, we need door prizes from state affiliates, local chapters, and
individuals. Once again, prizes should be small in size but large in value. Cash,
of course, is always appropriate and welcome. As a rule, we ask that prizes of
all kinds have a value of at least $25 and not include alcohol. Drawings will
occur steadily throughout the convention sessions, and you can anticipate a
Texas-sized grand prize to be drawn at the banquet. You may bring door prizes with
you to convention or send them in advance to the National Federation of the Blind
of Texas at 1600 E Highway 6, Suite 215, Alvin, TX 77511.</p> <p>The best collection
of exhibits featuring new technology; meetings of our special interest groups,
committees, and divisions; the most stimulating and provocative program items of
any meeting of the blind in the world; the chance to renew friendships in our
Federation family; and the unparalleled opportunity to be where the real action
is and where decisions are being made—all of these mean you will not want
to miss being a part of the 2023 National Convention. To assure yourself a room
in the headquarters hotel at convention rates, make your reservations early. We
plan to see you in Houston in July.</p> <p>Vol. 66, No. 2 February 2023</p> <h2 id="contents">Contents</h2> <p>Illustration: More Than an Emotionally Touching
Case for Braille?</p> <p>The Federation Loses a Longtime Leader and a Strong
Advocate for Becoming all One Can Be</p> <p>by Gary Wunder</p> <p>President's
Message</p> <p>by Mark Riccobono</p> <p>Engineering a New Response: Transforming
At-Home Testing through Partnership with the Blind</p> <p>by Jill Heemskerk</p>
<p>What You Should Know to Win Yourself a Scholarship</p> <p>by Catherine Mendez</p>
<p>Who Are the Blind Who Lead the Blind: Those Elected in 2022</p> <p>Saying Thank
You and Encouraging Further Accessibility</p> <p>by John Miller</p> <p>Disability
Intersections: Blindness and Autism</p> <p>by Matt Langland</p> <p>Allyship and
Inclusivity</p> <p>by Rishika Kartik</p> <p>Touring and Facilities</p> <p>by Ramona
Walhof</p> <p>Kenneth Jernigan Convention Scholarship</p> <p>by Tracy Soforenko</p>
<p>The Journey of Braille: from the Hands of the Creator to Earth Orbit</p> <p>by
Marc Maurer</p> <p>Reading to Succeed: How the Power of Braille Literacy Opened
New Avenues for Interpreting My World</p> <p>by John Kalkanli</p> <p>You Can Make
a Difference</p> <p>[PHOTO/CAPTION: A stack of documents in Braille represent ten
weeks of work by twenty-six educators enrolled in one of our Braille Classes.]</p>
<h2 id="more-than-an-emotionally-touching-case-for-braille">More Than an Emotionally
Touching Case for Braille?</h2> <p>Braille is a code that enables us to read with
our fingertips using a system of six raised dots. It was created in 1824 by a
French boy named Louis Braille who was born on January 4, 1809. Today, Braille is
used all over the world in many languages.</p> <p>Each year, we work to get Braille
into the hands of more blind people. January 4 marks World Braille Day in celebration
of its creator, Louis Braille. Every day, thousands of blind people use Braille
for everything from shopping lists to labels for canned goods, from reading novels
to solving math and scientific equations, from learning a piece of music to
composing one. In January 2022, Google launched their new domain opportunity to
promote special days and events for promoting a cause. We celebrated World Braille
Day with the new URL <a href="http://www.Braille.day"><u>www.Braille.day</u></a>.
So what does proficient Braille look like?</p> <p>Here is a stack of Braille that
is forty-four inches tall from a recent Braille One class of twenty-six educators
learning Braille.</p> <p><strong>2,715.5 pages of Braille were completed by the
participants in just ten weeks.</strong></p> <p><strong>Building Speed: </strong>Four
participants went from knowing no Braille to reading Braille—that’s
zero words per minute and at the end of ten weeks a minimum of thirty words per
minute. </p> <p><strong>Beginning Braille Readers:</strong> Ranged from
30 to 44 words per minute.</p> <p><strong>Highest Speed:</strong> 149 words
per minute (that was for one who was already a Braille reader).</p> <p><strong>Reading
Levels: </strong>In ten weeks, beginners went from reading simple words to
reading a fourth grade chapter book.</p> <p><strong>Lifelong Learners:</strong> Of
the four Braille readers that were lifelong Braille readers, they all four increased
their reading speed between 17 wpm and 34 wpm.</p> <p>Braille Rocks! Thank you to
Casey Robertson Ed.S., NCUEB [National Certification in Unified English Braille],
for sharing this great work with all of us.</p> <p>[PHOTO CAPTION: Allen Harris,
October 23, 1945 - August 10, 2022]</p> <h2 id="the-federation-loses-a-longtime-leader-and-a-strong-advocate-for-becoming-all-one-can-be">The
Federation Loses a Longtime Leader and a Strong Advocate for Becoming all One Can
Be</h2> <p><strong>by Gary Wunder</strong></p> <p>One of the benefits of being a
part of the National Federation of the Blind is getting to know some really special
people. The man I write to honor is in the top tier. He was a friend who enjoyed
telling and hearing jokes, teasing people he loved, and trying to uphold a sense
of optimism in everything he did. He had a family, a job, and lots of loyal friends.
This was exactly what I wanted in my life, and I never found a role model who was
easier to get to know.</p> <p>Although I knew him long before, Allen was a mentor
to me when I joined the National Board of Directors, was a good sounding board as
I tried to navigate being state president, and was an inspiration to me as I
studied his history, his humanity, the way he changed people’s lives, and
the perspectives he held on issues that went far beyond blindness. Whether we
talked about the state of the country, the future for blind people, the rapidly
changing technology that might leave us behind, or the challenges involved in
recruiting and keeping new people, my friend was always an optimist. One of his
favorite sayings was, “We’ll figure it out.”</p> <p>Allen,
a longtime high school wrestling coach, helped me root out and eliminate my bias
against coaches who became social studies teachers. In my snobby opinion, they
really wanted to be coaches and weren’t very gifted academically. I
don’t have any examples I can use to justify this stereotype, but too often
my ego has been nurtured at the expense of others and, of course, I was studying
the hard sciences. But Allen Harris had a distinguished academic career, one that
I could not easily dismiss. Graduating Magna Cum Laude, talking history, sharing
political views, and revealing himself as a man of passion and compassion, Allen
Harris replaced my unhealthy bias with life-sustaining optimism and taught me a
different way to think and a caution about coming to premature and damaging
conclusions.</p> <p>One of the things that fascinated me about the story of Allen
Harris was his desire to get a job. He said that he sent out more than two hundred
resumes and attended almost one hundred interviews before he got an offer. Part
of his life’s work was to make it easier for other blind people who would
follow, but he also knew that there was a certain toughness required to be blind
and successful, and he believed that part of his job was being real about that in
teaching us how to be tough while not losing our kindness, compassion, and
gentleness.</p> <p>All of those interviews resulted in a career that found him
teaching for decades in the public schools and then moving into the field of
blindness professionally. He worked as the assistant director of the agency for
the blind in New York and then as the director of the Iowa Department for the
Blind. In both jobs he was determined to win for blind people, and he was fond of
saying that if we don’t take a risk and gamble on the difficult ones, be
they the difficult jobs or the difficult people to place, we really aren’t
doing our clients a service. He was also dedicated to increasing the morale on
staff, doing his best to communicate that the field of rehabilitating the blind
was honorable and, when done right, infinitely rewarding to the client and the
professional alike. This sometimes put him at odds with other agencies, for the
increases he won to keep professionals in the field sometimes placed them above
others who believed they were doing similar work for far less pay.</p> <p>Allen
served as the president of the National Federation of the Blind of Michigan from
1976 to 1999, meaning he held down a fulltime job while simultaneously being an
officer. His presidency saw the creation of the Michigan Commission for the Blind
in 1978, the creation of a day camp, and the start of Saturday school in the 80s.
Throughout much of his presidency, Allen served on the National Board of Directors.
After his election in 1981, he was elected as the corporate secretary in 1985 and
then as the treasurer in 1988. He served in that capacity until 2002. He may be
best known for his work in helping to establish and then administering the Kenneth
Jernigan Fund that has been responsible for getting so many first-timers to our
national conventions.</p> <p>As impressive as his organizational contributions
were, the transformation he made in the lives of others is the thing for which he
will be most fondly remembered. Steve Handschu said, “The thing I remember
most fondly about Allen and the change he made in my life was that he got me to
understand that the words ‘blindness’ and ‘dignity’
could appear in the same sentence. . . Allen made me and others feel that we could
do better without making us feel that we were in any way lacking. … If we
wanted to make Allen happy, and certainly we did, the way was through our own
self-improvement. Because he liked us, any success was ours and his, and, as was
so characteristic of Allen, he was always looking for the “win-win.”</p>
<p>Steve relates a memorable moment when, at a banquet, a blind colleague yelled
out, “They have given me an unbuttered roll, and I need someone to butter
it.” So loud and unexpected was this demand that the tables around were
temporarily speechless. Allen quietly got up, went to the gentleman, and said,
“I won’t butter your roll for you, but I’ll show you how to
do it.” Taking the man’s hands, he proceeded to do this without
drawing more attention to the incident. What was impressive was Allen’s
unquestioning faith that the man could be taught and that Allen was the man to do
the teaching.</p> <p>Steve Handschu’s own transformation didn’t
happen just by observing Allen’s work in the lives of others. There was a
dinner invitation to which Steve was invited with Allen Harris and John Halverson.
While walking to the restaurant Steve fell into a hole. He wasn’t using a
cane, a dog, or any kind of alternative technique because, as he had affirmatively
stated on a number of occasions, he wasn’t blind. When Allen helped fish
Steve out of the hole, he gave Steve his cane, a bit of elementary instruction,
and then said, “Now, you use my cane, I’ll follow you, and we’re
going to get to the restaurant.”</p> <p>Steve’s reaction was one of
disbelief. “We’re going to a restaurant, my pants have mud on them,
and you want me to use your cane while you follow me? Have you never heard the
biblical warning about when the blind lead the blind?” Allen suggested that
the value of the parable notwithstanding, when he followed Steve he was doing so
believing Steve had learned enough to get them where they wanted to go. As for
the clothes, there was no time to change them, so he was encouraged to throw vanity
to the wind.</p> <p>Patti Chang said, “Allen was an amazing mentor in my
youth and a friend as I became active. He was always someone to emulate from his
kindness to his care for learning. Wherever he went, he affected those around
him.”</p> <p>Bridgid Burke remembers: As an NFB staff member, I was fortunate
to work with Allen Harris on the Kenneth Jernigan Fund. Allen and Joy Harris,
along with Joy’s sister Jay Cobb, worked to organize the first-time convention
attendee applications into a list of recipients to help them attend the NFB National
Convention for the first time. Every year a small group of people would miss the
distribution times and call Allen to tell him their story. Allen and his big heart
would reassure the recipient and say he would take care of it. My phone would then
ring, and I would hear Allen say, “Well, you know I heard from so and
so,” and he’d launch into the story. I’m positive he sprinkled
“Allen dust” on it to pull at my heart strings. I was so fortunate
to meet and consider Allen and Joy my friends. I miss Allen’s big hugs and
wonderful stories.</p> <p>Barbara Pierce shares these memories: My friendship with
Allen goes back to the 1970s. He was a high school teacher at that time, and I
can remember thinking what a wonderful teacher he must have been: warm, funny,
casual, and no nonsense. He got things done and had a wonderful way of organizing
people and getting them to do their best.</p> <p>I remember NAC Tracking in Edina,
Minnesota, one November in the mid-eighties. When our picket line was moving,
there was no room for pedestrians on the sidewalk. The hotel was unhappy, so it
was not long until the police appeared intent on getting us to clear the walk.
Allen was in the small group of Federation leaders negotiating with the police.
We had no idea what was being discussed. We were cuddled together, close to a
hundred strong, waiting in the bitter cold to hear what would be decided. Suddenly
Allen turned around to face us. In that booming voice that could be heard across
a gym or a pool, he shouted to us, “Listen up! I want to hear some spontaneous
singing, now!” Apparently the police were adamant that we could not walk
and block the sidewalk. Someone on our side asked if we could just stand in a
group and engage in spontaneous singing. That is what the police agreed to. So
sing we did—for five hours, in the cold, with the wind blowing. </p>
<p>Luckily we had a sizable collection of NAC songs and people like Sandy Halverson
to help lead us and keep us on pitch. But what I remember best was Allen’s
shouted instruction for “spontaneous singing, now!”</p> <p>Here are
the remarks from our national board member and state president of Alabama, Barbara
Manuel: When the Harrises moved to Alabama, everyone was elated to have them here.
Allen continued his leadership role within the National Federation of the Blind
as soon as he got here. His wisdom, intellect, and advocacy were even more apparent
up close. Frank Lee was the affiliate president when they arrived, and Allen and
Joy immediately became active with our Alabama affiliate. Allen had been a dynamic
leader of the organization for forty years or more, and his wisdom was greatly
appreciated here.</p> <p> </p> <p>Over the years, Allen and Joy developed
unbreakable bonds with our members. After Joy’s death and Allen revealed
his plans to move back to Michigan, members were heartbroken, but we truly understood
his wish to be with his family. As we reminisce about him and his contributions
to the blind community, we will be eternally grateful to him. Rest in peace,
Allen!</p> <p>We conclude with words selected by his family to convey both their
grief and joy. We share in these and will forever hold Allen in our hearts:</p>
<p>O Lord, I have lived this day to bury one I love. My gratitude is as full as
my grief, and my peace is as deep as my pain—all because of You. I need
You as never before. Shepherd my soul through these dry and heavy days. You send
us to Earth for this season, and then You receive us again unto yourself. I
understand this cycle, but I wasn’t quite as ready to let go of this one
as I thought I’d be.</p> <p>All my life, I’ve known that someday
this would happen, but the finality and reality of it are piercing. One thing I
know is that death cannot kill love, and human hands can’t bury it. On
this, my loved one’s resurrection day, I give you praise for a life lived
well.</p> <p>----------</p> <p>[PHOTO CAPTION: Mark Riccobono]</p> <h2 id="presidents-message">President's Message</h2> <p><strong>by Mark Riccobono</strong></p>
<p><strong>From the Editor: This message was taken from the January issue of
<em>Imagineering our Future</em>, a monthly email publication that helps in keeping
members, friends, and donors up-to-date on the programs of our organization. The
message is tremendous, and any chance to emphasize Braille Day and our commitment
to diversity, equity, and inclusion is one we are glad to use.</strong></p> <p>Dear
Friends,</p> <p>The National Federation of the Blind began 2023 by celebrating
World Braille Day on January 4—the birthdate of Louis Braille. Braille is
an important tool for so many aspects of life. I was not given instruction in
Braille until the summer I turned twenty-one years old. It was like a renewal; it
opened new doors and it allowed me to make new resolutions for my future. It always
feels appropriate to launch a new year celebrating Braille.</p> <p>On January 4,
our partners at the American Printing House for the Blind announced the name for
the dynamic tactile display they are developing in partnership with both HumanWare
and the National Federation of the Blind. Because the most efficient way to read
Braille is two handed and the motions outline the frame of a butterfly, the new
multi-line display, which will simultaneously display tactile graphics and Braille,
is named Monarch.</p> <p>Monarch could revolutionize the way we teach blind children
by giving them access to graphics at the same time and with the same ease as
sighted children. As a parent of two blind children, I experience the hardship
that comes when my daughters are denied the same educational materials as their
peers. And I might enjoy access to tactile displays of maps and art myself. I
doubt we have imagined all the applications for a dynamic tactile display yet,
but I look forward to discovering them.</p> <p>Shortly after World Braille Day,
our nation celebrates Martin Luther King Jr. Day as a day of service. To my
knowledge, Dr. King and the Federation’s first President, Dr. tenBroek,
never met, but I sometimes imagine the lively discussion that would have occurred
between these two civil rights champions. The work of these important figures and
the intersections of their work continue to be as pressing as ever in 2023. In
the organized blind movement, we continue to seek a deeper understanding of
intersecting characteristics within our community. The diversity of our membership
and fostering an inclusive organization is essential to the future of the National
Federation of the Blind.</p> <p>I hope you will take time to work on our diversity,
equity, and inclusion efforts, attend some of our DEI events, and visit our DEI
page to learn more and read my letter about the meaningful process of improving
our movement. These can be found at <a href="https://nfb.org/get-involved/diversity-equity-inclusion">https://nfb.org/get-involved/diversity-equity-inclusion</a>.</p>
<p>Sincerely,</p> <p>Mark A. Riccobono, President</p> <p>National Federation of
the Blind</p> <p>----------</p> <p>[PHOTO CAPTION: Jill Heemskerk]</p> <h2 id="engineering-a-new-response-transforming-at-home-testing-through-partnership-with-the-blind">Engineering
a New Response: Transforming At-Home Testing through Partnership with the Blind</h2>
<p><strong>by Jill Heemskerk</strong></p> <p><strong>From the Editor: Dr. Jill
Heemskerk is the deputy director of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging
and Bioengineering at the National Institutes of Health. Here are the words
President Riccobono used to introduce her talk about our partnership to make
possible at-home testing:</strong></p> <p>We've discussed extensively at this
convention our disappointment with the initial government announcement about the
at-home COVID testing program. But from January 3 forward—from the
beginning—we have been very clear with the administration that of all the
tools that we have to compel the government to get it right: We want to be a
partner. We want to help get this right for all at-home testing in the future.
And when we did get the attention of the government, our experience has been,
especially with the leadership at the National Institutes of Health, they've said,
you know what? We did this quickly. We didn't get it right on accessibility. But
we are gonna nail this going forward [applause]. And here's what I want to say
about that. You may not realize that at-home COVID testing is changing the nature
of at-home testing forever. In the month of February alone, more Americans took
at-home COVID tests in that month than took at-home pregnancy tests in all of
2021! That means there's a big opportunity to innovate, and I think we should be
focused on the fact that the government, and especially the leadership at NIH,
has rallied to our call for equal access. Not only that, they have called on us,
the National Federation of the Blind, to be a trusted expert in helping them get
it right [cheering and applause]. So I'm really excited to have with us at this
convention the deputy director of the National Institutes of Health National
Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. I've talked about it extensively
in our presidential report. Please welcome Dr. Jill Heemskerk!</p> <p>[Intro music:
Hit me with your best shot, why don't you hit me with your best shot! Hit me with
your best shot... fire away!]</p> <p>JILL HEEMSKERK: [chuckling] I'm really
wondering what to make of that intro music [laughter]! You guys are a hoot.</p>
<p>Yes, so, thank you for that nice introduction, and good afternoon, everybody
[applause]. I am Jill Heemskerk, deputy director of, we'll say, NIBIB. You heard
the full name and it's a mouthful, but really what we are is the engineering
institute at the National Institutes of Health.</p> <p>The NIH is one of the
largest, is actually the largest funder of biomedical research in the world, and
funds most of the research done at universities, small businesses, and research
institutions in this country. It's actually made up of twenty-seven different
institutes and centers, and you know at least one, because Dr. Tony Fauci runs
the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease [cheering and applause].
That's one of the biggest NIH institutes. Engineering is a small one, but we're
mighty. And when the pandemic started, Congress gave the NIH a lot of money to
develop new vaccines, new treatments, and new tests for COVID.</p> <p>The engineering
institute, our institute, NIBIB, was charged with developing COVID tests, which
is a perfect role for the engineering community. You'll remember at the beginning
of the pandemic how very hard it was to get a COVID test, and then once you got
your test, how long it took to get the results back. Yeah, that's right, you
couldn't even get them.</p> <p>So, I'm going to tell you today about a program we
started called RADx, and that stands for Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics. We've
been successful at delivering about half the diagnostics available in the country
now, not only in laboratories, but also at point of care in doctors' offices,
clinics, as well as the at-home tests that we're so grateful to have. But really
the big story today is our partnership with NFB to make home tests more accessible
for people with blindness and low vision [applause]. So, as we just heard, when
the government started distributing free tests to people in the country early this
year, NFB and other advocacy groups quickly did some very important and very
effective outreach to the government. They pointed out that, while it's great to
have tests in the country, the tests that we have are not accessible to people
with blindness and low vision and other disabilities.</p> <p>We completely agree
and recognize that everybody needs tests that can be taken easily, independently,
and confidentially.</p> <p>And so I'm going to tell you about our RADx efforts to
make accessible tests a reality.</p> <p>I'm going to first describe the RADx
program, because it's unique and it's quite a powerful process for accelerating
research and development. NIBIB had received funding for development, because we
already had a program in place since 2007 developing point-of-care and at-home
tests for lots of different diseases and conditions. We quickly expanded that
network in April of 2020 to focus on COVID test development.</p> <p>We had four
academic centers at the time and a coordinating center at Mass General Hospital.
We established new core resources to validate tests, conduct clinical studies that
the FDA needs for authorization, and we set up one resource that is truly unique
at NIH called the Deployment Core at CIMIT, which has all of the expertise in
house to get tests from the ideas stage all the way out to the market.</p> <p>What
we did is provide much more than funding to these manufacturers. We provided this
wrap-around support to the companies developing tests that managed issues around
supply chain, manufacturing, and FDA authorization. We helped them solve every
problem in getting an entirely new kind of test to the marketplace.</p> <p>The
experts in the Deployment Core spent the last two years working with over nine
hundred experts from multiple sectors to create an entirely new ecosystem of
at-home and point-of-care tests in the US.</p> <p>We started with a broad call
for technology solutions as soon as we got the money in April, and this really
galvanized the engineering community. We were amazed that we attracted 824 separate
proposals for tests from companies and academic institutions. To deal with this
onslaught of proposals, we set up a pipeline to evaluate the tests and figure out
which ones were the most important to support. We developed a unique process for
NIH that almost resembles a venture capital approach. We started off with a
viability assessment, and then proposals that looked promising entered what we
were calling the "Shark Tank" phase, where a team of experts worked closely with
the companies over one or two weeks to look at all their data and their capabilities,
and we examined all the aspects of the technology: the technical, the clinical,
the regulatory, and the plans for manufacturing.</p> <p>So, we had a very good
sense of which of these test proposals were the most promising. We moved those
into phase one, which was sort of a de-risking phase—trying to make the
test, trying to validate the test—we helped with all of that. And those
that were successful moved to phase two, where there was a very large-scale
investment to get the clinical studies done for the FDA and to scale up the tests
for the marketplace. This novel, hands-on process has proved to be tremendously
successful, and we actually reduced what is typically a several-year test development
timeline down to as little as six months.</p> <p>What have we accomplished so far?
We have delivered 2.6 billion tests and products to the United States—that's
billion with a b [applause].</p> <p>For comparison, last year in the US, there
were eight million pregnancy tests taken; so that's just a completely different
scale.</p> <p>These tests include not only laboratory but point-of-care and home
tests, and they represent about half of the tests that are available in the US
now.</p> <p>We have supported tests all the way to FDA emergency use authorization.
We have forty-four FDA authorizations under our belt, including ten for at-home
tests, and we've got more on the way [applause]. In this process, we've worked
with more than one hundred manufacturers, and we're relying on our relationships
with these companies to help in our effort now to develop more accessible tests
for people with blindness and disabilities.</p> <p>We are still actively working
and developing new tests and continuing with this successful pipeline. Central to
this, of course, is developing tests that can be used independently by people with
blindness and low vision. But we plan now and going forward that accessibility
will be built into all of our development efforts, [cheering and applause] including
efforts to develop at-home tests that are as reliable as lab tests. We also would
like to broaden our efforts to other diseases. For example, respiratory infections
like flu and RSV. We'd like to spur innovation in the cost drivers to get tests
to the market that are not only accessible but cost as little as $5 per test
[applause]. Thank you.</p> <p>It's funny to look back at the start of this project.
I thought that if we could just have a COVID test that was like a pregnancy test,
that would be great. We'd be done. And then we get to that point, and we realize,
oh, they're not accessible, they're not affordable. They're not very sensitive.
So there's still a lot to be done.</p> <p>That is where the partnership with NFB
comes in. Once the NFB and other groups reached out to the government about the
importance of accessible tests, the first thing we did in RADx was to organize a
listening session. Actually, that was the second thing we did. The first thing
was regret that we had not had accessibility built in at the outset.</p> <p>We
set up a listening session so that we could talk to the users and understand the
challenges in the accessibility of at-home tests. We invited advocates from the
disability community, the aging community, and the blind and low-vision communities.</p>
<p>Beyond just listening, the important goal here was to set up relationships so
that we could integrate these users into what we knew was going to be an ongoing
process to develop tests. We didn't want to have a single engagement and then go
from there. We wanted to have active partners. And I have to say that NFB has been
incredibly generous with their time and education and resources [applause].</p>
<p>We also invited the six federal agencies that have accessibility as part of
their mission, including multiple institutes from NIH, the CDC, FDA, the Administration
for Community Living, the National Council on Disability, and the US Access Board.
We had at this meeting three breakout sessions: one blind and low-vision, one fine
motor impairment, and one for older adults. It was incredibly revealing for us to
hear about things that we had not even considered, incredibly valuable feedback.
One thing that we did notice was that these groups, in their separate breakout
groups, often came up with the same challenges, regardless of what the challenge
was. And they were actually challenges that we all have with these tests. The
instructions were a big one: small print, complicated, few language options, no
Braille at all. And often no simple, step by step instructions. The boxes were
difficult to understand because there's no scannable identifier, so you have a
box and you don't know what's in it; you don't know what instructions to look
for.</p> <p>The test procedure itself is challenging too, truly for almost everybody.
There are too many steps in these processes: the need to count drops of fluid and
aim into a tiny hole on the device, multiple small little parts in the box, and
instructions that say things like "put the drops in the top hole." Well, if you
don't know which end of the device is up, you don't know what's the top hole and
what's the bottom hole.</p> <p>I think especially vexing for people with blindness
is that repeated instruction not to touch this part and not to touch that part
[applause]—that is just not helpful at all [applause].</p> <p>Also key for
people with blindness is that the result appears often as a little faint line on
a strip. There's no simple interpretation that says "your test is positive" or
"your test is negative." Although some of the tests work with smartphones, they're
not accessible to many people. We learned that as many as 40 percent of these
communities don't have access to cell phones.</p> <p>So, we are taking a two-pronged
approach here. One prong is the fastest approach, which is to modify existing
tests. The other prong is the best approach, which is a longer-term plan to design
accessible tests with accessibility built into the design from the very beginning,
which clearly is the preferred approach [cheering and applause]. We'll be announcing
a solicitation for proposals in a matter of just a few weeks. But I'm going to
tell you a little bit about our process for test modification, which we're very
engaged and excited about.</p> <p>Ellume is a good example of a reasonably accessible
test, and that was noted by the NFB in their own accessibility evaluation. And
the government—I want to make sure I tell you—the government on
covidtest.gov, is making Ellume COVID tests available free to people with blindness
and low vision [applause]. But even Ellume, if you've taken it, has room for
improvement. And those improvements are what we want to bring to bear. So our
process is a multistep pipeline, where we start with the accessibility evaluation
and then, based on the challenges observed for the particular test, design a
prototype. On the advice of NFB, some of our designers are people with blindness
and people with low vision [applause]. Getting advice from experts is always the
best idea.</p> <p>Once we have the prototype designed, we'll move into the user
feedback phase. Again, we want to put these in the hands of people with blindness
and low vision for them to tell us if we got it right, and what we need to do
next. This is a very high-touch process with lots of user involvement. We're going
to go through that process twice. Tests that have gone through the user feedback
stage already, and we've heard, no, that's not quite what we want. So what we're
thinking is that we're going to start with a sort of early prototype, go back to
the design stage with the feedback, and then produce a more mature prototype and
get feedback again. We'll do that as many times as we need to get something that
is acceptable to the community [cheering and applause]. Once we have an agreed-upon
product, we'll support the companies to start producing those.</p> <p>We identified
twenty-four different tests for this initial evaluation, and twelve look very
amenable to modification, and have moved on into this prototype design phase.</p>
<p>Our goal is to have more accessible tests being produced as early as this fall
[applause].</p> <p>We've had a lot of good news in this process already. The first
piece of good news we got was that, as we reach out to the companies making these
tests and tell them what we're doing, they've been saying, "That's great. Do this
as quickly as possible. We're developing tests for other things. We want to know
how to make them accessible." [applause] So they're very eager for the feedback.
And very, very eager to start producing more accessible tests. They see a huge
benefit in this. We even had a company start making modifications before we got
all the user feedback in, and we had to tell them to slow down, they were so
eager!</p> <p>The other very gratifying news is that we have always collaborated
closely with the FDA on our RADx program, and they are also very excited about
this and prepared to advise and accelerate the process. Any changes we make to
the tests are going to have to go through FDA review, and they're going to need
data that tells them that the changes made don't do anything to make the test
unsuccessful. So even something as simple as changing the instructions is going
to take probably three months before there's a new product on the shelves.</p>
<p>There are two other elements of the accessibility initiative that I wanted to
mention. One is really focused on the instructions, because two-thirds of our
recommendations from the accessibility review have been about the instructions.
So we've set up a separate fast-track process that can benefit all of the marketed
tests. We'd like to develop a general format that all companies can use that is
simplified, has larger type, has a new layout, and we will make this available so
that any company, whether they're working with us or not as they're developing
their instructions, can use this template [applause].</p> <p>For web-accessible
instructions, we are addressing packaging for rapid access to the relevant
instructions, such as QR codes. I was really interested to hear what Kellogg
has—that you can do that from four feet away is brilliant. The FDA is poised
to help, as I said, and they will review the new instructions after all the users
have agreed that the instructions are now actually helpful.</p> <p>The other effort
that we're doing is a best practices effort, because what we'd like is for the
work that we're doing to benefit all test manufacturing. Now home tests are
commonplace because of COVID, and there are going to be other tests for other
disorders: glucose tests, flu test, pregnancy tests. We want accessibility guidelines
to be available to manufacturers so they can design with accessibility in mind
from the outset [applause].</p> <p>So in conclusion, everybody at RADx is really
excited about this initiative. We recognize that accessibility improvements will
benefit everybody, and we're very grateful to the NFB for their role in not only
stimulating this work, but for their ongoing support and advice as we work together
to create accessible COVID tests. Thank you very much [cheering and applause].</p>
<p>----------</p> <p>[PHOTO CAPTION: Catherine Mendez]</p> <h2 id="what-you-should-know-to-win-yourself-a-scholarship">What You Should Know to
Win Yourself a Scholarship</h2> <p><strong>by Catherine Mendez</strong></p>
<p><strong>From the Editor: Cayte is not only a first-rate member, teacher, and
citizen. She can really write, and this she does to talk about scholarships and
how students can go about getting one. Here is what she says:</strong></p> <p>Each
year the NFB scholarship program receives many, many questions related to the hows
and whys of the scholarship process. Many of the answers to these questions can
be found at <a href="https://nfb.org/programs-services/scholarships-and-awards/scholarship-program/scholarship-program-faqs">https://nfb.org/programs-services/scholarships-and-awards/scholarship-program/scholarship-program-faqs</a>,
however, it is worth expanding on some of the responses to these frequently asked
questions in order to give a fuller, more detailed view of the scholarship program.
The following is an overview of the program, its benefits, and the application
process. Remember, you can’t win if you don’t apply, and now is the
perfect time to start getting your application materials together!</p> <p><strong>What
is the purpose of the NFB scholarship program?</strong></p> <p>The NFB scholarship
program has two long-time, overarching goals that continue to guide our work.
First, the program seeks to support and promote the academic and career success
of blind students nationwide by rewarding scholastic excellence. Second, the
program serves as an opportunity to grow potential leaders within our organization
by selecting applicants who exhibit ingenuity, creativity, and the ability to
motivate others and giving them access to Federation leadership at the highest
levels through the convention mentoring process.</p> <p><strong>How are scholarships
selected and awarded?</strong></p> <p>In April, the NFB scholarship committee will
review all of the several hundred applications the program will have received on
or before the March 31 deadline. This group of successful blind Federation leaders
from across the country will select the top thirty applicants who will become the
scholarship class of 2023. There are far more qualified applications each year
than there are scholarships to be awarded. Applicants who have applied before and
have not yet received a scholarship should apply again. Some members of the
scholarship class of 2022 received their scholarships after two or even three
attempts. Don’t give up!</p> <p><strong>What is the value of an NFB
scholarship?</strong></p> <p>The process of applying for a scholarship, and the
experience of being a winner, are the true prizes, above and beyond the financial
award. Yes, each of the thirty finalists for 2023 will receive $8,000 to help pay
for college expenses, but while the money will be quickly spent, the benefits of
being a scholarship winner will last for a lifetime. During the NFB’s
national convention, which all finalists are required to attend in full, scholarship
finalists have the opportunity to network with other blind students, to exchange
information and ideas, and to meet and talk with hundreds of blind people who are
successfully employed in many occupations and professions.</p> <p>There is no
dollar amount that can be assigned to the friendships that develop among the
members of a scholarship class, as they support one another during an action-packed
week of getting to know the Federation and sharing their own accomplishments and
goals with us. Likewise, there isn’t a financial equivalent to the
unprecedented access our finalists gain every year to the outstanding leaders who
serve as members of the scholarship committee. Through discussions with these
successful blind mentors, scholarship winners have an unequaled opportunity to
get to know our organization’s leaders by asking questions and discussing
their own ideas and opinions. They also have the chance to make all of our Federation
experiences richer as they share their own diverse experiences and perspectives
with us during the Board of Directors meeting and at student division events.</p>
<p>When the gavel drops each year and convention draws to a close, the rewards of
the scholarship program do not come to an end. Our winners continue to deepen
their connections and maintain their collaboration with one another as they pursue
their various academic degrees and professional goals. They continue to build
relationships with the Federation through involvement with their state affiliates,
strengthening and evolving the foundations laid during those initial applicant
interviews and enriched during the week of the convention itself. Our winners
develop and strengthen professional networks with other blind people in their
chosen fields and with members who share in their intersectional identities through
the work of our divisions and groups. They serve on NABS [National Association of
Blind Students] boards, take on the work of the Federation in their affiliates,
and carry what they have learned about the capacity of the blind into their schools,
communities, and families. The scholarship checks are mailed and cashed in August,
but the rewards of being an NFB scholarship recipient last for a lifetime</p>
<p><strong>What constitutes an outstanding scholarship application?</strong></p>
<p>The best way to answer this is to begin by debunking some persistent myths
around the scholarship selection process. Many think the key to becoming a
scholarship winner is a high grade point average. While an applicant’s GPA
certainly has value because it demonstrates their ability to learn and be successful
academically, this is by no means the only attribute that influences the decisions
of the scholarship committee. Likewise, others believe that the secret to winning
is abundant participation in extracurricular activities. Recognizing an
applicant’s willingness to take on commitments outside of school and/or
work can help the committee develop a portrait of a well-rounded individual,
however, this is also not sufficient in itself to justify a scholarship award.</p>
<p>Still others think the magic scholarship winning ingredient is an applicant’s
level of commitment to the NFB. It is certainly true that the scholarship program
provides our organization with a tremendous opportunity to develop future leaders,
but scholarship awards are by no means restricted to members of the organization.
The National Federation of the Blind is dedicated to creating opportunities for
all blind people. Recipients of NFB scholarships need not be members of the NFB.
Many of our past winners were not even aware of the NFB before they applied for
our scholarships.</p> <p>Others speculate that the committee looks for winners
among applicants from specific fields of study or specific demographics. However,
over the years, students of all ages and in widely differing fields have become
finalists. The class of 2022 included students entering their freshman year, as
well as older students who were nearly ready to write their PhD dissertations.
Past scholarship winners are working toward credentials for employment in many
diverse fields.</p> <p>The truthful answer is that there is no one attribute that
serves as the proverbial silver bullet for guaranteeing that an applicant will
receive a scholarship. The committee examines each application on its own merits,
and considers each applicant within the context of the materials they submit. The
best way to ensure yourself a chance to win is to apply by submitting a complete
application that represents your achievements and goals with authenticity.</p>
<p><strong>What constitutes a complete scholarship application?</strong></p> <p>A
complete application consists of the official application form and a student essay,
plus these supporting documents: student transcripts, one letter of recommendation,
and proof of legal blindness. Each applicant must also complete an interview with
the NFB affiliate president of their state of residence or the state where they
will be attending school. High school seniors may also include a copy of the
results of their ACT, SAT, or other college entrance exams.</p> <p>Students should
carefully consider who can do the best job of writing their letter of reference.
These letters should support the application by being full of facts and observations
that will help the members of the committee see the applicant as a bright, active
student and citizen.</p> <p>Remember to use the spell checker (or a human proofreader)
before submitting the essay! In an effective essay the applicant will talk about
their life in a way that gives the committee insight into who they are. The essay
should cover the ways in which each applicant lives successfully as a blind person
and describe the applicant’s personal goals for the future. Information
about positions of leadership is especially helpful. Committee members give the
essay a great deal of attention.</p> <p>It is true that the requirements for an
NFB scholarship application are varied and extensive. It is a good idea to begin
gathering the required documents as soon as possible and to begin reaching out to
the prospective authors of recommendation letters to give those folks plenty of
time to craft thoughtful, detailed letters that reflect well on each applicant.</p>
<p><strong>If everything is uploaded but the submit button is not pressed, will
the application be considered?</strong></p> <p>NO! Only submitted applications
are considered by the committee! Remember, applicants can return to their online
form as often as necessary during the application window, but MUST hit the submit
button for their application to be considered complete. Those who have properly
submitted will receive an email confirmation. If an applicant does not receive
this confirmation email, their application will not be considered complete and
cannot be reviewed by the committee. They should go back and hit submit as soon
as possible to guarantee that their application will be considered.</p> <p><strong>Who
is eligible to win an NFB scholarship?</strong></p> <p>Are you a legally blind
student? Do you reside in one of the fifty states, the District of Colombia, or
Puerto Rico? Will you be pursuing a full-time post-secondary course of study in
a degree program at an accredited United States institution in the fall of the
2023-2024 academic year? Will you be eighteen years of age by July 1, 2023, and
will you be able to participate in person in the entire NFB National Convention
and in all scheduled scholarship activities from July 1 through July 6 if chosen
as a finalist? If you answered yes to all these questions, please visit <a href="https://nfb.org/scholarships">https://nfb.org/scholarships</a> to begin the
online application today!</p> <p>----------</p> <h2 id="who-are-the-blind-who-lead-the-blind-those-elected-in-2022">Who Are the Blind
Who Lead the Blind: Those Elected in 2022</h2> <p><strong>Periodically we run the
article “Who Are the Blind Who Lead the Blind,” but for this issue
we have chosen to highlight the newest members elected at our most recent convention
in July of 2022. Enjoy becoming acquainted with these talented and dedicated people
who give so much to serve us:</strong></p> <p>[PHOTO CAPTION: Donald Porterfield]</p>
<h3 id="donald-porterfield-husband-uncle-brother-son-prosecutor-and-a-member-of-the-national-federation-of-the-blind">Donald
Porterfield: Husband, Uncle, Brother, Son, Prosecutor, and a Member of the National
Federation of the Blind</h3> <p>Donald Porterfield was elected to the National
Federation of the Blind’s Board of Directors in July of 2022. He is also
the president of the NFB of Arizona. Born in 1959 to James and Doris Porterfield,
he has three siblings: an older sister, an older brother, and his twin. His
blindness is caused by diabetes and did not manifest itself until he was forty-eight
years old.</p> <p>Donald says that he was a medium to good student, but his school
experience was significantly enhanced by his participation as an athlete. “I
was lucky to be good at sports, and that brought me some friends, but given that
I am an introvert, the thing that I feel most fortunate about is that I am a twin
and was born with my best childhood friend.”</p> <p>The onset of Donald’s
blindness occurred in the same year his father died, so he and his family had two
crises to deal with in the same year. For some, their adjustment to Donald’s
blindness was a slow process, while some adjusted quicker. Some saw that it was
their responsibility to take care of Donald, but that sense of obligation they
felt didn’t last long when it became clear that Donald was doing his own
cooking, laundry, and had no trouble with his personal hygiene. This he could
boast even before any training in the skills of blindness.</p> <p>From as early
as he can remember, Donald wanted to be a prosecutor, but it took him some time
to get to a place where he could go to law school. He spent the first twenty-three
years of his working career in the golf resort and hospitality industry. For much
of that time he was an executive, and many years of his tenure with the company
saw him as vice president of food and beverage operations. This was not an easy
job for him because unquestionably he is an introvert and had to learn how to be
gregarious and outgoing. He laughs that his twin brother can walk into a supermarket
and walk out knowing one hundred people, but this was not how Donald experienced
life. Learning to be outgoing has been a challenge. “My former manager and
mentor was somewhat bombastic and always put me into a position where I had to
improve my stage presence. At times he certainly made me uncomfortable, but this
paid off not only in my career as a manager but would reveal itself as beneficial
in the other twists and turns that would come to make up my life.”</p>
<p>It was in the second week of his second year in law school that Donald, at age
forty-eight, began experiencing real vision problems. He had noticed a slight
decrease in vision over time, and this he attributed to age. But on that fatal
day, he found that he simply could not focus on any of the work before him. Figuring
that he was fatigued, he went to take a nap. After the nap his vision seemed normal
again, but when he went back to school on the following Monday, the focus problems
returned, so off to an ophthalmologist he went. The diagnosis was retinopathy, a
result of his diabetes, and much of the next two years found him going to doctors
once a week and trying different surgeries, all while managing his studies in law
school. “When I found that my reading speed dropped from four hundred words
a minute to sixty words a minute, I was afraid, but I soon realized that either
I had to pack it in and leave or figure it out and keep moving toward my dream.
I chose the latter and along the journey found out I was an auditory learner.
Ultimately, I graduated with my law degree. After graduation we had to try one
more surgery. The surgeon thought he could restore most of my vision if he peeled
off the scar tissue that had accumulated, but he tried and he was wrong. The result
is that now I can still see light and certain shapes, but I can no longer perceive
the difference between most colors.”</p> <p>Donald graduated from law school
at age fifty and moved back to Arizona. “I knew that if I was going to be
a competent lawyer and blind man, I needed blindness training.” He first
learned about the National Federation of the Blind while in training at SAAVI
Services for the Blind from the person who would become his wife and is now the
primary partner in everything he does. He did his homework and concluded that he
liked the grassroots civil rights organization that he found in the National
Federation of the Blind. “I grew up as a black kid in the 60s, so I understood
discrimination and was experiencing the same things as a blind person. Not only
did I get disparate treatment, but I was also being patronized and in not very
subtle ways told that I was incapable. I realized I had the spirit of a Federationist
without being a member, and in the Federation was where I wanted to be.”
So off he went to a chapter meeting and later on that year to a national convention
where he took his first ride with a blind driver as President Riccobono chauffeured
him around the hotel parking lot. He was hooked.</p> <p>After gaining the skills,
tools, and competency through training, Donald fulfilled his lifelong professional
dream by becoming a deputy county attorney, serving as a prosecutor for Pima
County, Arizona. When he was going through law school, many of his colleagues
mistakenly believed that he wanted to be a defense attorney, but he believes the
role of a prosecutor is that of a “minister of justice.” Being a
prosecutor is more than just prosecuting people who commit crimes; it is about
making sure everyone connected to the criminal justice system is treated fairly
and receives justice.</p> <p>Donald’s first significant job in the Federation
was serving as the legislative director for the Arizona affiliate. His tenure has
witnessed the passage of the statute that protects the rights of blind parents,
and he is equally happy about the pieces of legislation that he and his affiliate
members have kept from becoming law. Many of these attempts have involved increasing
regulations on guide dogs and their users, and all of these have been successfully
turned back.</p> <p>When asked what asset he thought to be the most significant
of those he brings to the Federation, he said, “I can easily talk to
policymakers about blind equality, and I love doing it. We have many members who
don’t have that comfort level, and, because I am an introvert, I understand
their unwillingness and perhaps inability to speak out. Given my background,
I’ve learned to work around my innate inability, and I think this makes me
a stronger advocate. … <em>Hamilton</em> is one of my favorite plays. In
<em>Hamilton</em> they ask the question ‘Who will tell your story?’
That same question has been asked of us. Only we can tell our story because we
are the only ones living an authentic life as a blind person.”</p> <p>“I
used to have to work at getting into the character of being an advocate, a describer
of life as I and others live it, but I now realize I am not playing another
character; I am simply being me. I like educating the public about the positive
truths about blind people. I was faced with so many misconceptions when I was
ready to take the bar examination and was searching for a job that any chance to
minimize these for others is one I enthusiastically embrace.”</p> <p>Given
that a major goal of his life is to live one that is full, balanced, and enjoyable,
his activities go well beyond his professional work and organizational commitment.
He and Amy love to travel and to embrace the new experiences it offers. He loves
jazz and they spend a lot of time listening to this art form and going to concerts.
He also loves to read and often he and Amy find themselves sharing a book and the
pleasant conversations that accompany the reading.</p> <p>“I love my wife
Amy, and everything I do, I do with her. We are passionate about civil rights for
the blind, and we often say our family is in the civil rights business. I love
how fortunate we are that we can travel this path together.”</p>
<p>----------</p> <p>[PHOTO CAPTION: Shelia Wright]</p> <h3 id="shelia-wright-rehabilitation-professional-entrepreneur-leader-of-blind-people">Shelia
Wright: Rehabilitation Professional, Entrepreneur, Leader of Blind People</h3>
<p>Shelia Wright was elected to the National Federation of the Blind Board of
Directors in July of 2022. Her service in the National Federation of the Blind
began in South Carolina, was evidenced in Nebraska, and for more than three decades
the state of Missouri has been the beneficiary of her initiative, hard work, and
follow-through.</p> <p>When Shelia was born, her vision problem was known almost
immediately, but the extent to which she could not see was often downplayed and
the word blindness was never used. She needed glasses by the time she started
school, but not much was provided in the way of accommodation except letting her
sit closer to the front of the class. By the time she got to the end of elementary
school, she was sitting about four feet from the blackboard near the teacher's
desk.</p> <p>Shelia went to elementary school in Hartsville, South Carolina, and
she got there by walking or riding her bicycle. When in junior high the school
was too far away, she got herself to the elementary school in the same way and
then caught a bus.</p> <p>By her senior year in high school, it was determined
she needed large print books; she often ran into the problem of getting ones that
were out-of-date. To her great frustration, she could study all she should but
still end up writing down the wrong answers because her books were not the newest
edition being used by her teacher and classmates. Soon she got to the place where
she started leaving books in the locker and relying as much as she could on what
she heard in class. Because she brought no alternative techniques to the game,
her grades in junior high and high school were less than stellar.</p> <p>Shelia
remembers first being diagnosed as "blind" when she was sixteen. Before, she was
always dismissed after examinations, and her doctors met with her parents who were
told that there was nothing they could do for her, and they were referred back to
the optometrist, who they said was doing an excellent job fitting her with glasses.
Shelia believes that the inaccurate diagnosis and hesitancy by the ophthalmologist
to talk with patient and family did not provide them with the information needed
to seek out and support appropriate specialized educational services. This is the
reason Shelia has been so adamant about young blind children getting diagnosed
quickly and ensuring that students begin learning Braille at an early age. "It
certainly should have been before age sixteen that I heard I had a progressive
eye condition that was so significant that I was already legally blind. The doctor
told me I should learn Braille because it would be easier to learn at sixteen than
at thirty when there would be no other options."</p> <p>When Shelia started to
plug in to vocational rehabilitation services, she immediately had to undergo
psychological testing, a custom of the agency at that time. The prediction of the
psychologist and her rehabilitation counselor was that she would not make it beyond
one semester in college. "The only reason you want to go to college is to get your
MRS degree," she was dismissively told.</p> <p>"None of my cousins went to college,
but when I was told I could not, that was very motivating for me. Being told I
can’t often is the prescription for I can, and I will."</p> <p>Her motivation,
hard work, and innate ability meant that Shelia graduated with a Bachelor of Arts
in psychology. She chose this path to reduce the number of classes in mathematics
and science. She then entered a master's program in education, specializing in
vocational rehabilitation counseling, and after successfully securing that degree,
she has managed to work in three states.</p> <p>Shelia worked for several months
at the Iowa Commission for the Blind as a rehabilitation associate. This was an
opportunity for her to see vocational rehabilitation for the blind at its best,
and this job gave her invaluable experience. When she returned to South Carolina,
she marketed her skills to a nursing home that had several blind residents. She
was hired to work with blind and visually impaired residents on how to travel
safely around the facility. She also assisted them in participating in social and
recreational activities. Additionally, she taught staff to help blind residents
be more independent. She found this job exciting for about six months and worked
until a fulltime job in the field of vocational rehabilitation became a reality.</p>
<p>In the state of South Carolina, the general rehabilitation agency discriminated
against blind people, saying that if a blind person wanted a job in the field,
they should go to the agency for the blind because the general agency needed its
counselors to travel. The reality was that rehabilitation counselors at the
Commission for the Blind traveled more than their counterparts in the general
agency.</p> <p>When Shelia took a job at the South Carolina Commission for the
Blind, she did so with some reluctance. She really wanted to work in some other
field and then come back to rehabilitation for a career, but that is not the way
things worked out. "I was really afraid that I would end up being pigeonholed into
a job that I didn't want, and I wanted rehab to be something that I actively chose
to do with my heart and my soul." She worked at the Commission for about three
years, but periodically she would be solicited by Dr. James Nyman, the director
of the Nebraska agency. At first she was cavalier about the interviews, at one
point telling him that the only job she would be interested in was the one he
held. After more calls and some negotiation, she eventually took a job as the
director of the orientation and adjustment center. Taking that job was a gutsy
thing for her to attempt given that she had never been to an orientation center,
had never had any cane travel, and what Braille she knew came from her own learning.
She relied on friends when she needed help and advice in any of these areas, and
though it certainly was not the easiest or most traditional way to begin managing
a program, she embraced and overcame the challenge. Those friends also helped her
solidify her understanding and internalization of the philosophy of the National
Federation of the Blind, a view she was familiar with but was never sure she
thoroughly understood or had worked at integrating into her being.</p> <p>After
working in this position for three years she decided it was time to move along.
Though Shelia would return to the agency for some temporary work to help them in
solving a staffing problem, eventually she came to Missouri. The job search she
conducted saw her sending out thirty to forty job applications a week for about
six months, and, strangely, on the day when she received a job offer from Missouri,
there were two of them: one was with the state agency and the other with a private
agency in St. Louis called ABLE. She took the counseling job with the state agency
and moved to Kansas City. She was challenged because at that time there were no
blind counselors working for the agency. "If you were blind, you worked as a
rehabilitation teacher who is paired with a sighted assistant. As a counselor they
did not even give me as much as a Braille writer." Her work for the agency started
in July of 1984 and continued until August of 1988. She then went to work for
Blind FOCUS, a private agency, where she worked until 1995. She is particularly
proud of the program she helped to build that was for students transitioning from
high school to college to work.</p> <p>Believing that she had spent too much of
her life working in the field of blindness and wanting to move into event planning,
Shelia left Blind FOCUS in 1995. Though she did not pursue the career she thought
she would, she has held a number of jobs that have resulted in new programs and
good programming for the blind. She helped in shaping the Technology Access Program
for Internet, an innovative program in Missouri that provides screen-reading
software and other assistive technology to allow blind people to gain access to
the resources found on the internet. She has worked as a consumer support provider
for that program since its inception and continues to do so, providing direct
teaching and product evaluation. She contracted with Missouri Rehabilitation
Services for the Blind to conduct the Code Master Project which focused on blind
adults needing intensive training in Braille, and she has contracted to do program
evaluations in other states.</p> <p>Nationally one of the efforts that Shelia is
most proud of is participating in the creation of the National Association of
Blind Rehabilitation Professionals. "Before this group, many of us felt like Lone
Rangers out in our agencies, and I saw this group as being really important to
give us inspiration as we tried through our daily work to bring about the hopes
and dreams that are embodied in the Federation."</p> <p>Of course, her work with
the National Federation of the Blind has kept her extremely busy. She has been an
active member in all the states in which she has lived, joining the Missouri Board
in 1993, becoming second vice president in 2001, moving to first vice president
in 2003, and assuming her current job as affiliate president in 2017. Since Gary
Wunder was the state president for much of the time before she assumed that title,
he can tell you that one of the things that elevates people to office and keeps
them there is the willingness to follow through on commitments. He says, "Never
did Shelia leave us hanging out on a limb. If she promised to make a call, it was
made, write a letter and it was written, chair a committee and it met, organize
a legislative event and it was organized, and, wow, could she keep a list. She
has always been an active supporter of anything we put our name on, but her support
has not always been without criticism. When I sent out an annual list of affiliate
committees and asked my ranking officer Shelia what she thought of the appointments
I had made, she said, 'I often wonder whether you are drunk when you make these
lists.' You can bet I worked harder at seeking her advice when drawing up future
lists."</p> <p>Like the rest of us, Shelia has a life beyond work and Federation
activities. She married Harvey Fisher in 1985, he being a rehabilitation teacher
for the state agency. Unfortunately, Harvey died as a result of cancer in 1991.
In 1996 she married Jeff Wright, an able and loving helpmate. Jeff shares her love
of the Federation and in addition to helping her do many behind-the-scenes tasks,
he has also served as a chapter officer for many years. Together they work hard
in their church and strive to live the values in which they deeply believe.</p>
<p>Shelia’s hobbies include tandem biking, swimming, playing the guitar,
and reading. She also enjoys sports, and those who know her are well aware they
should not call when either the Kansas City Chiefs or the South Carolina Gamecocks
are playing.</p> <p>Shelia says that she believes one of the greatest assets she
brings to the Federation is developing projects and programs and then overseeing
many of them until they are well-established. "I like being a change agent and
the new endeavors we create. I am proud of the fact that we established a program
for young students called Mission Believe, another program called Mission BEAM,
and an active group that is now known as the Cane Drivers. I am not always the
person who does most of the work, but one of my strengths is in building teams
and in helping them get things done."</p> <p>"I have enjoyed watching things
change, such as seeing kids who come to the convention with canes learning to use
them and getting around by themselves. I was glad that Nebraska was a part of this
and that at the time I was a part of the Nebraska agency and the affiliate. When
I look back on advancements we have made, I am proud of all of them; whether they
bear my handprint is less important than the fact that I have actively participated
in the Federation and therefore have something to do with everything that gives
blind people an opportunity to live a better life."</p> <p>---------</p> <p>[PHOTO
CAPTION: Grace Pires]</p> <h3 id="grace-pires-caregiver-mother-wife-role-model-affiliate-leader">Grace Pires:
Caregiver, Mother, Wife, Role Model, Affiliate Leader</h3> <p>Grace Pires was
elected to the National Federation of the Blind Board of Directors in July of 2022
and also serves as the president of the National Federation of the Blind of Rhode
Island. She was born in Portugal in 1970. Within three months Grace’s mother
Virginia realized that something was wrong with Grace’s vision. She was
not actively trying to look at things, nor did she track in the way that her mother
had witnessed in other children. The first visit to a local pediatrician resulted
in her mother’s concerns being dismissed, but when other doctors were
consulted, they agreed that there definitely was a problem, though to this day no
one has been able to accurately diagnose the reason for Grace’s blindness.
Some doctors have offered the opinion that she is blind because of retinitis
pigmentosa, while others argued that it is most likely Leber’s disease
given that she has never had any vision and the condition is genetic. Her parents
did what genetic testing was available and were told there was a 25 percent chance
that any future offspring would be blind. Her younger brother is blind, but the
upside is that there are some important things they share together.</p> <p>Grace
did not start school until she was ten. The Portuguese island on which she was
born had no school for the blind, and both she and her parents were very upset by
the residential experience at the school on a neighboring island. After this
experience, the family made a real effort to come to the United States, and it
was at this point that Grace really began her formal education. “Coming to
the United States was in some respects the end of my childhood. I didn’t
really know what to ask for, but all of a sudden I had to be an advocate for myself
and, because they didn’t speak English, for my parents as well. She was
placed in the fourth grade to be near children her own age, but she certainly was
in no position to do the work. She first had to learn English, then Braille, and
it wasn’t until the sixth grade that she really began to hit her stride.
Before that time she would rely on her cousin, a second grader who could read
print, who would help her with learning to spell. She was elated when, in the
seventh grade, she realized that she was independently doing work that let her
study for and pass tests. “I was quite excited when I was able to take home
and do my homework. I know many students who said that they couldn’t stand
it, but for me the feeling was tremendous.”</p> <p>Grace began receiving
cane travel when she was twelve years old, and at first she had mixed feelings
about the experience. “I was afraid that people were going to see by my
cane that I was blind, and I laugh now at my reluctance because it is clear to me
that everyone already knew I was. Even as I felt this reluctance, I loved the
independence I was getting. I was happy to be an independent traveler who could
walk around the school by myself and could actually go to the lady’s room
without another student assisting me. I was really excited when my parents and
other adults let me walk alone once they realized I could travel safely with my
cane.”</p> <p>“Making friends was very easy when I was a novelty,
but as the novelty wore off, I began to find it more difficult when some of my
friends dropped away. Luckily I had a core group that I built during middle school,
and although class changes in high school meant that we were not always together,
some of those friendships survived, one of them even into college.”</p>
<p>Unfortunately for Grace, she grew up having few role models, and the idea that
a person might go to a rehabilitation center was never raised as a possibility,
not to mention a wonderful opportunity. Failing to see blind people she wanted to
be like, she had what she categorizes as a meltdown at age thirteen and angrily
asked her teacher of the visually impaired what in the world a blind person was
supposed to grow up to do and be. Her dream was to get an education, have a job,
get married, and have a family. Her teacher was resourceful and took Grace to
visit a lecture on health that was being given by a blind woman. “The
lecture was impressive and the blind woman giving it was educated and well spoken.
She gave me hope. She let me know that I could do what she was doing, that I was
smart, and that I could do anything I wanted to do. This was a major turning point
in my life. This woman named Monica became a mentor throughout school and in my
career. We still maintain some meaningful contact today.”</p> <p>Grace
remembers that the first time she learned that a piece of equipment could be
modified for her use was when her family got a microwave oven. She couldn’t
use it, and this same teacher suggested that they mark it with dots. “When
I got those dots and we put them on, I felt like it was Christmas.”</p>
<p>Grace attended Rhode Island College, a four-year institution near where she
lived. There she took a bachelor’s degree in social work, and when she
couldn’t find a job, she went back to school and earned a master’s
degree in the same field. When she looked at the employment market after her
bachelor’s, she was surprised to find that so much of the work involved
travel and that so little in the way of transportation existed for her. By the
time she had gotten her master’s degree, not only was she more qualified,
but by then she enjoyed the benefits of an active paratransit system that allowed
her to go to and from the homes of clients. Her first job was working part-time
at an independent living center, a job that not only required significant travel
but one that also gave her the opportunity to do some of her work from an office.
That part-time job eventually resulted in full-time employment, and it was there
that Grace worked until 2003.</p> <p>She then took a job with the state of Rhode
Island as a rehabilitation teacher. She did that job for six years, and what she
found so amusing was that this person who had never gotten the benefit of any
formal rehabilitation teaching was herself being asked to teach. She knew the
techniques that needed teaching; what she didn’t know was much about the
art of teaching. She is thankful for the textbooks that taught her how to pass
along knowledge that she learned from her mother to others who needed to learn
how to make a bed, do laundry, and safely operate a hot stove.</p> <p>While working
she earned another master’s degree, this one in rehabilitation counseling,
and it qualified her for another job that she holds today. She works as a vocational
rehabilitation counselor and has since 2009.</p> <p>As soon as Grace got a job,
she felt free to expand what she was doing and begin giving back. When she said
that she wanted to join the National Federation of the Blind in 2000, the person
she was talking with said, “Are you sure? You don’t have to!”</p>
<p>“My response was that I now have a job and I want to do something to
give back. I most certainly want to join the NFB. What I didn’t realize at
the time was that I would gain so much more from being part of this movement. From
the first meeting I attended, I was treated like an old friend.” Grace says
that she was pretty shy, but she felt comfortable offering to help with tasks.
“Richard and Cathy Gaffney and other members were so welcoming that I
brought my boyfriend and my brother. They both accompanied me to the state convention
and joined on the spot.”</p> <p>What Grace finds so sad is that in all of
her contact with the rehabilitation system prior to employment, never did she find
a role model or anyone willing to discuss with her their own blindness. Never did
the people she worked with talk with her about blindness or put themselves front
and center as people she might want to be like. From what she observed, those
helping her, while well-intentioned, had problems dealing with their own blindness
and embracing alternative techniques that would let them be comfortable with
themselves and efficient in the things they did.</p> <p>The lesson Grace has taken
from this is that it is necessary not only for her to teach attitudes and techniques
but to instill in her clients a sense that they can talk with her about blindness.
She also hopes that the way she lives her life and the mastery she has gained in
living life as a blind person will translate into her being a role model for those
she serves.</p> <p>Working on legislation is of particular interest, and the
passage of a parental rights bill has been immensely important to her. When she
was having her son, a social worker was sent to visit her at the hospital.
“How will you know when to feed him?” and “How will you give
him medicine?” were the kinds of questions that were repeatedly asked. Of
particular concern was that the social worker, learning that Grace and her husband
Robert shared a house with sighted parents, kept wanting to be reassured that the
sighted couple would be involved and went so far as to have a private conference
with them.</p> <p>A second piece of legislation in which Grace takes pride allows
for mail-in election ballots. Having a good relationship with the secretary of
state means she has been a part of evaluating the ballot-marking machines that
were eventually purchased.</p> <p>Knowing what a barrier transportation was for
her, she serves on a public advisory committee which seeks to improve transportation
services to Rhode Island residents. She is working on legislation to expand
transportation to all disabled Rhode Islanders. She is quick to note that
she is not the primary person working on this legislation and that another member
of the Federation is actually spearheading the effort.</p> <p>Like most busy
people, there are times when Grace finds it difficult to juggle all of the
responsibilities she has. Of course there are the school meetings to attend, and
since her parents still do not speak English, she accompanies them whenever they
go to doctor appointments and acts as a translator. “I am so lucky to have
a job with some flexibility and with sick time I can use when needed. When my
mother worked in a factory, she did not have this flexibility. I could only call
her if there was a dire emergency. They just wouldn’t have known how to
reach her. I am glad that I can now get an occasional call or text when my son
needs something.”</p> <p>When not otherwise engaged, Grace likes to read,
knit, and take long walks outside. “I love the peace that comes in being
outside with nature—it is me being me on my time.” She also admits
to being somewhat addicted to Netflix, a pleasure that she and her husband share
together. She enjoys playing Uno with her nieces and again finds herself tremendously
grateful for the contributions of Louis Braille in her life.</p> <p>“I
think my most important role in the Federation is to be a good listener, accept
people where they are, and offer myself as a role model for those looking to be
happy, to be productive, and to feel good about themselves. Sometimes life has
meant hard work, but people need to see that often that is what it takes, and the
rewards are well worth the effort.”</p> <p>----------</p> <p>[PHOTO CAPTION:
Barbara Manuel]</p> <h3 id="barbara-manuel-blind-entrepreneur-proud-mother-and-grandmother-and-activist">Barbara
Manuel: Blind Entrepreneur, Proud Mother and Grandmother, and Activist</h3>
<p>Barbara Manuel was raised in the small Alabama town of Citronelle, about thirty
miles north of Mobile. She has retinitis pigmentosa but did not know or encounter
any blind people growing up, so she simply coped with her vision loss the best
she could throughout her education in the local public schools. Her coping mechanisms
included copying questions and assignments from close friends rather than trying
to read the blackboard. Despite some struggles, she remembers being an average
student.</p> <p>In her early twenties, Barbara took advantage of job training at
the E.H. Gentry facility operated by the Alabama Institute for the Deaf and Blind
in Talladega to learn medical clerical work. When work in that field was no longer
available, she took her first job in the Randolph-Sheppard vending program, working
for another vendor that she met through an RP support group. After six years, a
snack-bar location at the Mobile City Garage became available. Ten years later,
an opportunity to run a full cafeteria at the University of South Alabama Nursing
School arose. Barbara and her employees served breakfast and lunch daily, and she
also took advantage of catering opportunities, which she enjoyed immensely. Finally,
Barbara obtained her current location at the United States Coast Guard Aviation
Center in Mobile. She now manages seventeen employees and runs an operation that
serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner 365 days a year, as well as maintaining the
facility’s seventy-two sleeping quarters. She is proud that she often
receives compliments about the food and facilities.</p> <p>Barbara first learned
about the National Federation of the Blind through a contact from her days at E.H.
Gentry. That friend convinced her to attend an affiliate convention in Mobile
sometime in the mid-1980s, which she says, “Changed everything.”
She became the chapter president in Mobile in around 1989 and served in that
capacity for eleven years, while also rotating on and off the affiliate board of
directors. After stepping down as Mobile chapter president, Barbara remained active
and rose to affiliate vice president, which was the position she held when the
late Joy Harris stepped down for health reasons in 2017.</p> <p>Under Barbara’s
leadership, the affiliate was successful in getting parental rights legislation
enacted in 2019. “I was so proud when we went to the governor’s
signing of that initiative,” she says. “When we can pull together,
the sky’s the limit.”</p> <p>Barbara is proud of what she has been
able to accomplish with a relatively small but growing team. “Everyone can
do something, even if it’s just make a phone call,” she says. At
the same time, “I always tell my members that we need each of them, and we
need every blind person in Alabama to join and be an active part of our
movement.” The affiliate is currently engaged in a long-running battle with
the state over accessible absentee voting, which has been a struggle because the
secretary of state did an about-face on supporting it, even though military and
overseas voters can submit absentee ballots electronically. Because of her work
in this area, Barbara has also become a member of The League of Women Voters. She
is grateful to Lou Ann Blake and the late Scott LaBarre for their assistance and
is determined to keep up the fight.</p> <p>Barbara also serves on the board of
the National Association of Blind Merchants, and in 2022 she was elected to the
National Board of Directors. When she is not engaged in Federation activities,
she enjoys spending time with her son and daughter-in-law, granddaughter, and two
great-granddaughters. She also enjoys traveling with her best friend, whom she
has known since they were in the first grade.</p> <p>Reflecting on the character
of our movement, Barbara recently said: “The National Federation of the
Blind strives to embrace one common thread that is tightly woven throughout our
movement: ‘blindness.’ We are a close-knit family, and it’s
our goal to create a place for every blind individual, from every walk of
life.” </p> <p>----------</p> <p>[PHOTO CAPTION: John Miller]</p> <h2 id="saying-thank-you-and-encouraging-further-accessibility">Saying Thank You and
Encouraging Further Accessibility</h2> <p><strong>by John Miller</strong></p>
<p><strong>From the Editor: John Miller is on the cutting edge when it comes to
working in a competitive field and bringing all kinds of innovative resources to
get what he needs to do his job with distinction. He drafted this piece as a way
to acknowledge the much-needed accessibility by one software company and to help
us continue to develop strategies to determine how to make such practices widespread.
Here is what he says:</strong></p> <p>As a minority who doesn't bring large numbers
to the marketplace, we must work hard to figure out how to increase the number of
devices we can use productively and with the same ease as our sighted peers. To
employers we offer ourselves as true competitors capable of bringing as much to
our jobs as our sighted colleagues. When it comes to motivation, brains, and
education, we do well, but when the technology used in our workplace is either
unusable or so inefficient that its use detracts significantly from our work
product, the challenges are formidable.</p> <p>How do we go about convincing
technology developers and distributors, especially those who deal in hardware and
software, to design it in such a way that it is efficiently usable without vision?
Perhaps of equal importance, how do we thank those who have made or improved their
products so that they meet the standard? Beyond writing a note of personal thanks,
how do we express to the broader community the significance of what has been
done?</p> <p>I have worked in the field of electrical engineering and signal
processing for over ten years, having gotten my PhD in electrical and computer
engineering. In my work career I have held jobs at Qualcomm, Nokia, and University
of California San Diego. I currently work at a defense contractor in San Diego,
California. In all of these jobs, I have struggled to get material I can read and
interpret nonvisually. A piece of software I use that is essential to my job is
MATLAB from MathWorks, and recently its developers have taken significant steps
that enhance my ability to use it and hence my productivity on the job. Using
MATLAB, I can generate plots and prototype engineering solutions. I contacted
MathWorks about a problem in their software for blind users who used the JAWS
screen reader. MathWorks scheduled a one-hour meeting in Microsoft Teams to discuss
the problem with me. MathWorks invited me to be a member of their newly formed
Community Access Board. I reported the problem in July 2022. I verified the
MathWorks fix is working well in January 2023.</p> <p>I wish to ask other blind
individuals what software applications they are using to succeed in the workplace?
There is an opportunity to form a relationship between the blind community and
the authors of these software applications.</p> <p>I conclude with what may have
been better placed at the beginning of this article: my goals for writing and
asking that it be published. I want to thank MathWorks, and equally important, I
want to figure out how to thank other companies when they do the right thing. I
want to go beyond making the moral case that what they have done is good and
demonstrate that there are tangible reasons why making products efficiently
accessible is in the interest of business, government, education, and any other
entity that offers products and services to the public. So my article is an open
invitation for the sharing of good ideas, new paradigms, and innovative approaches
we may come upon if together we all put our minds to this most important of
tasks.</p> <p>----------</p> <p>[PHOTO CAPTION: Matt Langland]</p> <h2 id="disability-intersections-blindness-and-autism">Disability Intersections:
Blindness and Autism</h2> <p><strong>by Matt Langland</strong></p> <p><strong>From
the Editor: This article originally appeared in the Spring Issue of the <em>Minnesota
Bulletin</em>, the newsletter of the National Federation of the Blind of Minnesota.
It challenges us to look beyond blindness and to embrace others who have disabilities
that also need attention and understanding. Here is the way it was introduced:</strong></p>
<p><strong>(Editors' note: This is the winning entry in the Metro Chapter's essay
contest held earlier this year. Matt Langland serves, among other roles, as a
member of our state legislative committee).</strong></p> <p>I was born sixteen
weeks premature in June 1986. When I was a few months old, it was discovered that
I had Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP). While a small amount of vision in my right
eye was saved, I am legally blind. When I was about six months old, the teacher
of blind students came to visit with my parents and started conducting home visits
with me. My mom researched as much about blindness as she possibly could and
attended her first NFB convention in 1987 to learn about blindness.</p> <p>Upon
learning I was considered a blind person around three or four, it did not bother
me that much since I had usable vision. Another funny thing was happening, though.
I was also strange in other ways.</p> <p>Not only was I blind, but other interesting
behaviors were appearing. From when I was as young as I can remember, I developed
an obsession with vacuum cleaners. This obsession eventually slowly wore off when
I started school. I would also get bent out of shape and throw temper tantrums
when plans changed or things did not go exactly as I wanted. I liked routines and
things to stay the same, and if they did not, that would upset me. I would get
upset at the silliest little things like plans changing unexpectedly.</p>
<p>Interacting with kids my own age sometimes felt forced. My mom had a few birthday
parties for me when I was young, inviting kids from pre-school or day care whom
I did know, and I struggled to play with them, as I preferred to be antisocial.</p>
<p>By the time I entered kindergarten, the main issue to be dealt with was my
blindness. I was starting to learn both Braille and print. I relied mostly on
enlarged print for my schoolwork, and I would read some books for fun in Braille.
Since my vision was quite usable and I could read print, I decided at this point
that I was only visually impaired, not blind. My mom tried to tell me that I was
legally blind and that I should really consider myself blind, but I was insistent
that, because I could see something, I was not blind.</p> <p>Teachers made sure
I got all the accommodations I needed, like explaining everything written on the
board. I continued to proceed through elementary, middle, and high school this
way.</p> <p>I continued to find strange new obsessions and preoccupations throughout
elementary school. I started spending my free time listening to the local radio
station, KTRF. I started memorizing the phone numbers for about every business in
town. A few times I would call the businesses after hours to see if they had
answering machines and see what they said. I never had any reason to call any of
the places; I just liked memorizing phone numbers. In fact, I did not want to talk
to anyone on the phone. I had a phone phobia of sorts. If I had to talk on the
phone to anyone, I would tense up, my throat would dry out, and my voice would
lock up and start shaking when I attempted to talk. It was not until I got into
high school that I started conquering this fear of talking on the phone.</p> <p>I
had other obsessions, such as walking through the city campground on a nightly
basis all summer so I could observe the campers. I also continued to struggle when
plans changed or my planned routine did not pan out as hoped.</p> <p>In 1996 my
mom attempted to take me to my first NFB convention in Anaheim, California. She
would attend meetings for parents while I attended kids’ camp. She thought
it would be a great experience for me in terms of learning more about blindness
and meeting positive blind role models. I had absolutely no interest. On the first
day she tried to drop me off at kids’ camp, I was so scared that I was
crying and screaming out of fear of the unknown. I was to go off with all these
people, knowing none of them, and make a day of it, taking the train from Los
Angeles down to San Diego to visit an aquarium among other activities. I was still
in the mindset that I was visually impaired, not blind, and I had no interest in
the convention. Since I had just turned ten, it was out of character for a child
of my age to be throwing a temper tantrum over having to leave my mother’s
side for a day. I can only think what the people around me must have been
thinking.</p> <p>NFB philosophy says blind children can have all the same
opportunities as sighted children and nothing should hold them back. This incident
made me look like a poorly socialized blind child and made my mother feel like
she had failed. Other kids my age would just say, “Bye, Mom, see you
later.” I did not. I could not handle being with unfamiliar people in
unfamiliar places. I was too afraid of something bad happening when nobody I was
comfortable with was around and the fear of trying to interact with new people.</p>
<p>In about fourth or fifth grade, a year or two after the NFB convention incident,
my mom approached me and said she had read an article and figured out I had
something called Asperger's, now commonly referred to as Autism Spectrum Disorder.
I had never heard of this before, and I remember hating the sound of the word as
being my first reaction. My mom explained that this was why I had strange obsessions,
liked routines, did not like change of plans, and did not interact well with my
peers. Now she would have more understanding when I would lose it over a change
in plan, and she could understand my obsessions. It was immediately decided by my
parents and teacher of the blind that we would not mention this to teachers, write
it up in my IEP, or bring any attention to it in the school setting. It was thought
that teachers would be stressed enough to have a blind student in their class. If
we added autism to the mix, I would create unnecessary stress on teachers. Besides,
it did not really have any effect on my academic abilities, only my social
skills.</p> <p>Through my K-12 school years, I had basically zero association with
my peers outside the school environment. My peers in school pretty much left me
alone. Luckily I never really got teased, picked on, or bullied. No girl in high
school ever tried to ask me out on a date, I never attended a school dance, and
nobody invited me to a gathering of any kind. I did not want to participate in
any of this anyway. I probably would have declined if asked. Weirdness was attributed
with blindness. My participation in Key Club and the speech team was all I could
handle.</p> <p>Not wanting to leave the comforts of home made me decide to stay
in Thief River Falls after graduating high school and take classes at the local
community college. In the spring of my first year of college, I obtained a job as
a people greeter at Walmart. This was the perfect job for me while I was in school.
It gave me work experience, a social outlet interacting with my co-workers, and
customer service skills. I had no problem putting that happy face on and saying,
“Welcome to Walmart” in a friendly tone. Little, small talk conversation
was never a problem for me, but developing any long-lasting friendship or getting
to know people my own age on a deeper level just did not exist. I worked with a
lot of fellow college students at Walmart and even had classes with some of them,
so it really helped me learn to be better socialized.</p> <p>Towards the end of
finishing my associate’s degree, I recall a conversation with my parents
where autism got brought up. They indicated it was still an issue I had to deal
with. I said I did not understand why, since I function fine on a day-to-day level.
My dad said, “Name a person in their early twenties, like you, who has
absolutely zero close friends.” It was sort of a revelation in that it made
me think my autism was affecting me more than I realized. I lived at home with my
parents, so I received all my social and emotional support through them. I knew
that blindness was my visible disability where I would need accommodations for
the rest of my life. It dawned on me that I needed to become more independent than
I was. These things were partially due to being autistic but also due to lack of
confidence as a blind person. I needed to build my own friend circle.</p> <p>I
decided the answer to building my independence skills and building myself a social
life was training at BLIND, Inc. While in training, I was able to attend Day at
the Capitol and Washington Seminar. I could take my strong interest in politics
and in blindness, an issue that impacted me personally, and I could combine them
to advocate for other blind people. I jumped in and have never looked back.</p>
<p>Thanks to the support of the National Federation of the Blind, I found the
confidence to do things I could have only dreamed of, such as live independently
and obtain my bachelor’s degree in social science, which I was not sure I
ever wanted to do after my associate’s. I also added a master’s in
advocacy and political leadership. I also thank the Federation for giving me a
social life and a place to feel welcome when there are so few places I have ever
fit in.</p> <p>Still, very few people are aware I am on the autism spectrum except
for my immediate family and a few close friends. It is not something I advertise.
To this day, it is my thought that I got a pass on my social skills in school, as
teachers and peers attributed my social oddities to my blindness while not realizing
there might have been something more to it. If I were just autistic and not blind,
the autism may have needed to be addressed in school, or maybe my parents would
have figured out I was on the autism spectrum sooner. I believe this may still be
the case in some social situations today. How much social awkwardness can be
attributed to blindness and how much is related to being autistic is a question
I do not have an answer for. Another question to explore is: How many autistic
people are there in which another disability such as blindness is masking their
autism like mine did for many years?</p> <p>In the NFB we are starting to talk
more about multiple disabilities and people labeling themselves as both blind and
autistic. I am glad to see the conversation starting since this secret is something
I have had difficulty sharing and have covered up for a long time. Instead of
jumping to conclusions in connecting every single little social struggle to a
poorly socialized blind person like we sometimes have a tendency to do, maybe we
should ask ourselves what other hidden disabilities or struggles one may be having
besides blindness. These questions do not have black and white answers, and, as
we in the National Federation of the Blind further explore the conversation around
blindness, autism, and multiple disabilities, I would love to be a part of the
conversation.</p> <p>----------</p> <p>[PHOTO CAPTION: Rishika Kartik]</p> <h2 id="allyship-and-inclusivity">Allyship and Inclusivity</h2> <p><strong>by Rishika
Kartik</strong></p> <p><strong>From the Editor: This article is taken from <em>Future
Reflections</em>, a magazine for the parents of blind children. It appeared in
the 2022 convention issue, Volume 41. Here is the way Debbie Stein introduced
it:</strong></p> <p><strong>For the past several years Rishika Kartik has built
strong connections with the blind community. She leads art activities as a volunteer
at the Colorado Center for the Blind, and she conducts art workshops with blind
and low-vision students from the Colorado School for the Deaf and Blind (CSDB)
and in school districts across the state. In 2019 she received a two-year grant
to expand her work from Arts in Society, a Colorado foundation that supports arts
programs in underserved communities. Rishika has the distinction of being the
youngest person ever to receive an Arts in Society grant. At the time her grant
was awarded she was fourteen years old!</strong></p> <p><strong>Rishika and her
father attended their first face-to-face National Federation of the Blind Convention
in New Orleans. In this article Rishika reflects on her experiences.</strong></p>
<p>Percussive cane taps accompany cheerful greetings and chatter. Braille dots
adorn the pages of pamphlets, and enthusiastic "talking signs" guide people to
their destinations. People of all ages, identities, and perspectives share stories,
coming together from around the world.</p> <p>In July I attended the National
Federation of the Blind's National Convention, the largest gathering of blind
people globally. Convention is an event that involves training, support, and
information-sharing for the blind community. It facilitates human connection and
inspires people to lead full, independent lives.</p> <p>As a sighted person
attending this convention, I grappled with how to support a community I care about
as an ally. As an Indian American woman, I understand the value of affinity groups
and identity-specific events. Being surrounded by people who share your identity
allows you to be fully yourself and feel understood in a distinct way. I did not
want to prevent others from having this experience by attending as a sighted
person. I am grateful for the way the National Federation of the Blind has welcomed
me with open arms.</p> <p>Volunteering with the blind and visually-impaired
community over the past four years has taught me that everyone must be involved
in issues around accessibility and diversity. Just as men can amplify a feminist
message of gender equality, sighted people can become part of the blindness movement
and work to dismantle ableist narratives. The key is to speak out by listening,
to maintain an open mind and hand the microphone to those around you. As allies
we inevitably will make mistakes. But by learning from our mistakes and engaging
in open dialogue with those around us, we can work together to build inclusive
communities.</p> <p>The National Convention emphasizes that blindness, while
challenging, unlocks a unique way to live life. Rejecting the notion of conforming
to societal expectations allows people to find creative ways of doing what they
love, from cooking and playing an instrument to studying and traveling. Unfortunately,
a lack of communication between sighted people and the blind community often leads
to uninformed design.</p> <p>Disability advocate and design strategist Liz Jackson
describes uninformed design products as a "disability dongle": "a well-intended,
elegant, yet useless solution to a problem we never knew we had." Technology, such
as VoiceOver and Braille displays, has been instrumental in promoting inclusion.
However, designing expensive technology without spending time with the blind
community creates products that blind people may not necessarily want or need.</p>
<p>A common example of misguided solutions is the movement to develop complex
sensors to help blind people detect objects and obstacles. Designers often pursue
these technologies "in order to eliminate the need for the white cane." "We don't
need three-hundred-dollar gadgets to reinvent the wheel," staff members at the
Colorado Center for the Blind say. "The cane has served as a valuable, affordable,
and useful navigation tool for years."</p> <p>Another instance of impractical
technology is the development of artificial intelligence initiatives that transform
2D visual images into sound, with various tones representing objects in the picture.
In-depth training is required before a person can interpret these sounds. The
system is not intuitive for everyday use.</p> <p>Disability dongles illustrate a
broader societal issue. Sometimes would-be allies don't make enough effort to
listen to the perspectives of blind people before they act. Sometimes, out of
their fear of doing the wrong thing, they do not act at all.</p> <p>Haben Girma,
the first deafblind person to graduate from Harvard Law School, affirms, "Disability
drives innovation. When you think about new ways of accessing information, new
ways for people to connect and engage with each other, you're going to find yourself
designing the next best thing." By practicing authentic allyship people create
accessible solutions that help everyone. SMS texting was invented by Finnish
inventor Matti Makkonen and his team to help deaf people communicate. It now makes
life more convenient for all of us. One of the first working typewriters, technology
we use daily, was created by an Italian inventor, Turri; he wanted an easier way
for his blind lover to send him letters.</p> <p>Small changes, too, can create
universally beneficial accessibility solutions. When designing the website where
I post my blog, mentors of mine encouraged the use of high-contrast colors and
hierarchical text for users with low vision and dyslexia. These changes made the
site more user friendly and aesthetically pleasing for all visitors. Using
alternative text to describe images optimizes Google's search engine, allowing
people to find webpages much more quickly using keywords.</p> <p>When I volunteered
with the Educational Support Group at the NFB, we created tactile models to explain
complex mathematical concepts. This work helped me realize that I, a sighted
person, am not a visual learner. Now I often create 3D representations when I
struggle in math, which helps me understand calculus concepts much more quickly.
Unfortunately, the standard educational model still only accounts for visual
learning, isolating many people from success.</p> <p>My friends with low vision
often express frustration with being forced to use their unreliable vision instead
of being given accessible learning alternatives. In order to inspire creativity
and build confidence, kids need the message that there is no single "right" way
to do things. This message can start in the classroom. Providing Braille materials
and embracing unique learning styles are imperative in ensuring that every person
receives the education they deserve.</p> <p>The NFB National Convention taught me
that everyone is impacted by issues around accessibility, and everyone can take
part in creating solutions. Rather than forcing "solutions" within an existing
paradigm, disability inclusion is an opportunity to revolutionize current ideas.
By abandoning conventional norms and exploring new ways of doing things, we unlock
a new way of life.</p> <h3 id="sources">Sources</h3> <p><a href="https://blog.ai-media.tv/blog/why-designing-for-accessibility-helps-everyone"><u>https://blog.ai-media.tv/blog/why-designing-for-accessibility-helps-everyone</u></a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.vox.com/first-person/2019/4/30/18523006/disabled-wheelchair-access-ramps-stair-climbing"><u>https://www.vox.com/first-person/2019/4/30/18523006/disabled-wheelchair-access-ramps-stair-climbing</u></a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bC7Mvy7Vn4"><u>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bC7Mvy7Vn4</u></a></p>
<p>---------</p> <p>[PHOTO CAPTION: Ramona Walhof]</p> <h2 id="touring-and-facilities">Touring
and Facilities</h2> <p><strong>by Ramona Walhof</strong></p> <p><strong>From the
Editor: Ramona has been in the Federation since before I came, and she has always
been a strong and dedicated leader. In recent years she has taken fewer leadership
roles, but it is obvious she is living well, having fun, and experiencing new
things to share. Here is her most recent contribution:</strong></p> <p>Many blind
people travel and enjoy it immensely. Still, I hear comments about boring museums
where everything is behind ropes or under glass. And indeed, I have experienced
this and the frustration that goes with it. On the other hand, many who operate
museums and tours are making an honest effort to make museums enjoyable and
informative to the blind and other disabled people. Just for fun, I will share
some of my most enjoyable experiences, many of which are in other countries.</p>
<p>After retirement, I have been fortunate to be able to take several trips. I
was delighted to find a friend who was eager to cruise with me through the Panama
Canal. There were at least six stops along the way. We chose three tours, all of
which turned out to be high points of our trip. Going through the canal was a very
interesting experience. Ship personnel described the canal and the equipment as
the ship went up through the locks, across the manmade lake, and down the locks
on the other side. There was definitely a lot to see visually, but not only were
there good descriptions, but also the comments of fellow travelers provided
information and interest. For example, there were many exclamations about the
movements of the workers on the narrow islands between the ship lanes in the canal.
I could hear the voices of some of them. It took all day to complete the passage
across the Isthmus, and my friend and I went to various parts of the ship for
perspective from high above and closer to the work outside. My friend had difficulty
keeping track of the ship layout, so I was the guide for getting around the
ship.</p> <p>At the time of this trip in 2016, they were just opening new lanes
across the canal to accommodate larger ships. We were fortunate to do this on a
sunny day, and most of the passengers were outside enjoying the refreshments, the
views, the other people, the information, and, of course, taking pictures.</p>
<p>In Cartagena, Colombia, we decided to take a jewelry-making class. I was a
little concerned that there would be someone standing in front of the group saying:
Do this; do that. I was very glad to have underestimated this class. Each student
was given silver wire and taught to make a necklace, a ring, and earrings. Each
traveler was assigned a Colombian jewelry school student as an instructor. I spoke
only a few words of Spanish, and my instructor must have known about that much
English, but it did not matter! She handed me the materials and guided my hands
when I needed it. I completed the projects and was very pleased with them. We
chose unfinished Colombian emeralds for each piece of jewelry, and I had Christmas
presents for my daughter and daughter-in-law.</p> <p>After visiting the sales room
to admire much more elaborate jewelry, we toured the jewelry school. As we passed
the machine used to form silver wire, we were offered the opportunity to try it
out. I took an uneven piece of silver and passed it through the machine several
times. Each time it came through narrower and smoother. In order to give others
a turn, I did not finish the process, but it was fascinating to learn how very
fine silver thread can be made from a lump of silver. I would never have known
without this experience. And of course, I have a picture in my iPhone to show my
friends and family at home.</p> <p>In Costa Rica we joined a bus tour to a McCaw
reserve. Upon arrival we had the opportunity to walk from one flock of birds to
another. We were asked not to talk when we were near the birds because they can
learn human speech, and it was desirable to keep them wild. When people came near,
each flock would become very loud, showing a lot of interest in the people. Flocks
of birds were kept separate to prevent cross mating. This reserve was to care for
animals that were not able to remain in the wild for various reasons. Some native
birds would later be released. We passed very near a jaguar and other animals
native to the tropics. I found this visit much more meaningful than most zoos in
this country because there were many animals and we were much closer to them.</p>
<p>In southwest Mexico we joined a tour to a large private farm. They explained
to us that there was no medical facility nearer than fifty miles, so they grew
many herbs to treat a variety of conditions. I was offered the opportunity to
touch and smell many different herbs and plants. At one point a group of us were
led to the kitchen where a grandma was frying tortillas. As we watched, someone
placed a piece of paper in my hand and soon a hot tortilla. After another minute
or two, someone plopped a gob of refried beans on top of the tortilla. Then I was
expected to roll it up and eat it. It was delicious! The kitchen was primitive;
people were friendly; and I had a delightful experience. We had the opportunity
to examine rugs, blankets, baskets, etc., made by those living and working at the
farm. We even had a sample as they said to taste some liquor from the "big blue
cactus."</p> <p>When my oldest granddaughter completed her junior year in high
school, I decided we should take a family cruise before they all began to scatter.
We debated whether to go to Australia or the Mediterranean. But the kids chose
the Mediterranean. My daughter and I flew to Madrid while other family members
made other choices for their first stops. We all joined back together in Barcelona.
The music in Spain is everywhere, and we enjoyed it. There were blind people
working in stands around the city and traveling on the subways. ONCE is a very
well-funded agency for the blind. They are proud of their museum for the blind,
and we visited. They have three sections: one on history, one on Braille production,
and one showing models of famous buildings from around the world. The people were
very friendly, and it is very much a hands-on place, a most enjoyable day.</p>
<p>Our cruise took us to Gibralter at the southern tip of Spain. People looking
at Africa across the narrow straight commented on the weather and the terrain.
The most memorable part of that stop was the monkeys or small apes who live there.
A colony of three hundred are wild animals, but are looked after just the same.
We were admonished not to reach out to them, but all of my grandchildren had a
monkey come to them. Their parents were rather concerned, but the kids loved it.
The monkeys passed very near all of us. They know they are protected.</p> <p>We
visited an olive farm near Marseille and many spots in Italy. One of my granddaughters
found an iPhone app with a great deal of information about the Coliseum in Rome,
including who sat in which locations, and where the gladiators were allowed to go
and more. We could check it all out as long as our feet could last. As we walked
from the Coliseum through the tunnel to the Spanish Steps, we found people playing
accordians just like in Madrid and Barcelona.</p> <p>I will not bore you like
someone showing two hundred slides of a trip, but I could tell of many other
events, to say nothing of food and people and shopping.</p> <p>There are blind-friendly
places in the United States as well. When my children were small, we lived in Des
Moines, Iowa. We visited the Living History Farms there, where they showed how
agriculture in Iowa was in 1840, 1880, and 1920. They showed equipment and buildings
from each of those times, and it was all hands-on. I hope it is still as friendly.</p>
<p>There are also mixed experiences. I have visited several different parts of
the Smithsonian in Washington, DC. Some are much more meaningful than others. When
I went, I wished I could have stayed for a week and shown some curators how to
improve their displays, which would not have been difficult. I am looking forward
to more and better opportunities of this kind.</p> <p>----------</p> <p>[PHOTO
CAPTION: Tracy Soforenko]</p> <h2 id="kenneth-jernigan-convention-scholarship">Kenneth
Jernigan Convention Scholarship</h2> <p><strong>by Tracy Soforenko</strong></p>
<p><strong>From the Editor: Tracy is a member of our National Board of Directors
and is the president of the National Federation of the Blind of Virginia. He is
also the chairman of the Kenneth Jernigan Fund, and it is in this capacity that
he writes:</strong></p> <p>Have you always wanted to attend an NFB annual convention
but have not done so because of the lack of funds? The Kenneth Jernigan Convention
Scholarship Fund invites you to make an application for a scholarship grant.
Perhaps this July you too can be in the Hilton Americas-Houston enjoying the many
pleasures and learning opportunities at the largest and most important yearly
convention of blind people in the world.</p> <p>The three biggest ticket items
you need to cover when attending an NFB national convention are the roundtrip
transportation, the hotel room for a week, and the food (which tends to be higher
priced than at home). We attempt to award additional funds to families, but,
whether a family or an individual is granted a scholarship, this fund can only
help; it won’t pay all the costs. In recent years the grants have been $600
for individuals.</p> <p>We recommend that you find an NFB member as your personal
convention mentor, someone who has been to many national conventions and is able
to share money-saving tips with you and tips on navigating the extensive agenda
in the big hotel. Your mentor will help you get the most out of the amazing
experience that is convention week.</p> <h3 id="who-is-eligible">Who is eligible?</h3>
<p>Active NFB members blind or sighted who have not yet attended an in-person NFB
national convention because of lack of funding are eligible to apply. If you have
attended a convention virtually but have never attended an in-person convention,
you are still eligible.</p> <h3 id="how-do-i-apply-for-funding-assistance">How do
I apply for funding assistance?</h3> <p>This year we will be accepting applications
online. Since applications must be completed in a single session online, we strongly
recommend you prepare your responses in a document, and then cut and paste your
responses into the application form. The application form does not support complex
formatting, so we recommend avoiding formatting such as bullet points and
fonts/styles.</p> <p>Effective January 1, 2023, the application form can be found
at the following link: <a href="https://nfb.org/form/kenneth-jernigan-convention-scho?q=form%2Fkenneth-jernigan-convention-scho"><u>https://nfb.org/form/kenneth-jernigan-convention-scho?q=form%2Fkenneth-jernigan-convention-scho</u></a></p>
<p>The application will ask for the following information:</p> <ul> <li><p>Contact
information: Include your full name and both your primary phone where you can be
contacted by your state president and your mobile phone you might use at convention,
if available.</p></li> <li><p>Please include your mailing address and, if you have
one, your email address. If you don’t have an email address, please consider
if there is a friend or chapter member who might be able to assist with email
correspondence.</p></li> <li><p>State affiliate/chapter information: Include
your state affiliate, your state president, chapter, and chapter president, if
you attend a chapter.</p></li> <li><p>Mentor information: Include your personal
convention mentor and provide that person’s phone number.</p></li>
<li><p>Funding request: Include your specific request and explain how
much money you need from this fund to make this trip possible for you. We suggest
you consult with other members to make a rough budget for yourself.</p></li>
<li><p>Essay questions to explain why this is a good investment for the NFB: </p>
<ul> <li><p>How do you currently participate in the Federation?</p></li> <li><p>Why
do you want to attend a national convention?</p></li> <li><p>What would you
receive?</p></li> <li><p>What can you share or give?</p></li> <li><p>Any special
circumstances you hope the committee will take into consideration.</p></li>
</ul></li> </ul> <p>If you cannot apply online, you can still apply by writing a
letter to your state affiliate president answering the above questions. This letter
should be emailed to your state affiliate president. Once you have decided you
will apply, please contact your state president in person or by phone to request
his or her help in obtaining funding. Be sure to tell the state affiliate president
when to expect your application will be submitted and mention the deadline.</p>
<p>Once your application has been submitted, it will be provided to your state
president via email. It is still your responsibility to contact your affiliate
president. He or she must email a president’s recommendation directly to
the Kenneth Jernigan Convention Scholarship Fund Committee at <a href="mailto:kjscholarships@nfb.org"><u>kjscholarships@nfb.org</u></a>. Your
president must email the recommendation no later than the deadline of April 15,
2023. If you have applied using other than the online form, the state affiliate
president must email both the recommendation and the application letter.</p> <h3 id="notification-of-award">Notification of Award</h3> <p>If you are chosen to
receive this scholarship, you will receive a letter with convention details that
should answer most of your questions. The committee makes every effort to notify
winners by May 15, but you must do several things before that to be prepared to
attend if you are chosen:</p> <ul> <li><p>Make your own hotel reservation. If
something prevents you from attending, you can cancel the reservation. (Yes, you
may arrange for roommates of your own to reduce the cost).</p></li> <li><p>Register
online for the entire convention, including the banquet, by May 31.</p></li>
<li><p>Find someone in your chapter or affiliate who has been to many conventions
and can answer your questions as a friend and mentor.</p></li> <li><p>If you do
not hear from the committee by May 15, then you did not win a scholarship this
year.</p></li> </ul> <h3 id="receiving-the-award">Receiving the Award</h3> <p>At
the convention, you will be given a debit card or credit card loaded with the
amount of your award. The times and locations to pick up your card will be listed
in the letter we send you. The committee is not able to provide funds before the
convention, so work with your chapter and state affiliate to assist you by obtaining
an agreement to advance funds if you win a scholarship and to pay your treasury
back after you receive your debit or credit card.</p> <h3 id="more-information">More
Information</h3> <p>For additional information, please contact the chairman of
the Kenneth Jernigan Fund Committee, Tracy Soforenko, at <a href="mailto:kjscholarships@nfb.org"><u>kjscholarships@nfb.org</u></a> or
410-659-9314, extension 2020.</p> <p>Above all, please use this opportunity to
attend your first convention on the national level and join several thousand active
Federationists in the most important meeting of the blind in the world. We hope
to see you in Houston.</p> <p>----------</p> <p>[PHOTO CAPTION: Marc Maurer]</p>
<h2 id="the-journey-of-braille-from-the-hands-of-the-creator-to-earth-orbit">The
Journey of Braille: From the Hands of the Creator to Earth Orbit</h2>
<p><strong>by Marc Maurer</strong></p> <p><strong>From the Editor: Late Monday
afternoon, July 6, 2009, the ninety-eighth anniversary of the birth of Jacobus
tenBroek, President Maurer made brief but thoughtful remarks about two seemingly
disparate topics: Braille and space travel. This is what he said:</strong></p>
<p>People who are invited to watch a launch of a space shuttle at the Kennedy
Space Center occupy an observation site three miles from the launch pad. Two of
the Louis Braille Bicentennial Silver Dollars were scheduled for inclusion in the
payload of the shuttle to be launched on May 11, 2009. Launch time might be as
early as 2:01 and 56 seconds p.m.</p> <p>The day before the launch the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) conducted a daylong seminar on aspects
of exploration of space, origins of the cosmos, and scientific discoveries made
through the use of the Hubble telescope. By focusing the Hubble telescope on the
darkest parts of the visible sky, the scientists have discovered thousands of
galaxies that have previously been unknown. The characteristics of the light
observed by this instrument have permitted cosmologists to look back in time more
than twelve billion years to a period near the beginning of time itself. Furthermore,
these observations lead to the conclusion not only that the universe is expanding
but that the rate of its expansion is accelerating. If the rate of expansion is
itself accelerating, there must be a reason. At least part of the explanation lies
in another astonishing conclusion that 96 percent of the matter and the energy of
the universe is not observable directly but only calculable based upon the influence
that it has on the observable segments of the universe. This 96 percent of
non-observable mass and energy is known as dark matter and energy. These are a
few of the scientific conclusions discussed during the course of the symposium.</p>
<p>It is said that in about 1890 a physicist made the claim that the important
theories of the physical universe had all been discovered and that the only work
remaining to be done was to make more accurate measurements. Within a few years,
however, Marie Curie had discovered radioactivity, and Albert Einstein had written
his special theory of relativity. Now, with the observations from the Hubble
telescope, we posit the existence of dark energy and dark matter, and we hear from
the scientists who study such things that less than five percent of the universe
we know is observable. This description suggests that, despite the astonishing
amount we have learned about our universe, an enormous quantity is still to be
discovered.</p> <p>I reflect about this when I think about what has been said
about blindness, about blind people, and about our capacity for intellectual
effort. Too many people believe that everything worth knowing has already been
learned about us, but we know better. We know that our horizons have been artificially
restricted, and we postulate that they will be expanding at an accelerating rate
to encompass fields of comprehension beyond everybody’s wildest imaginings.</p>
<p>An astronaut came to tell us about the rigors of her training to become a
traveler in space. The plan for her initial ascent is that she will travel to the
International Space Station sometime in the spring of 2010. This statement is
awe-inspiring, and it stimulates contemplation of romantic adventure.
However, Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger told us that much of her training was
hard, grueling work. She was trained to survive in the most hostile environments,
and she was put to the most demanding tests. Achievement is frequently composed
of the most romantic dreams and very hard work.</p> <p>The space shuttle itself
has three engines. It is launched with the aid of two solid rocket boosters.
Officials of the Kennedy Space Center told us that at the time of launch 400,000
gallons of water are pumped onto the launch pad to diminish the noise and shock
generated by the launch. Anybody within 800 feet of the launch pad would be killed
by the heat. Anybody within 4,000 feet of the launch pad would be killed by sound,
they said.</p> <p>When the time for launch came, we were three miles away. When
the shuttle began its climb, we were told that fuel was being consumed at 11,000
pounds per second. By the time we could no longer hear the sound of the shuttle,
it had reached a height of several miles, on its way to orbit at 240 miles above
the Earth.</p> <p>The Louis Braille commemorative coin—representing knowledge,
representing learning, representing the desire to join in the excitement of
life—was lifted from the Earth on a journey to a place higher than almost
anybody has ever been at a speed faster than almost anybody has ever traveled.
Braille has shown the way, and some of us will follow.</p> <p>----------</p>
<p>[PHOTO CAPTION: John Kalkanli]</p> <h2 id="reading-to-succeed-how-the-power-of-braille-literacy-opened-new-avenues-for-interpreting-my-world">Reading
to Succeed: How the Power of Braille Literacy Opened New Avenues for Interpreting
My World</h2> <p><strong>by John Kalkanli</strong></p> <p><strong>From the Editor:
John lives in Texas and intended to have this article for the January issue to
celebrate World Braille Day. It took him a bit longer to write the article, but
his is one of many valuable stories we should read about the power of Braille and
the way it empowers blind people with another tool in our efforts to reap the
benefits of literacy. Here is John’s article:</strong></p> <p>Literacy is
an essential element of success since it is essential in so much of our communication.
The greatest gift one can hope for is being able to interpret his or her surroundings.
My life took a swift turn for the better after being exposed to the Braille Code.
I am grateful a system of reading and writing created for the blind has been
created and that I understand how to use it. We are often told that it is not easy
to learn since using the fingers to distinguish between the dots is required,
however, this code makes perfect sense once thoroughly studied and practiced.</p>
<p>I will never forget the feeling of joy that rushed in me when I began to learn
Braille. Before being exposed, my self-confidence was low. It seemed insurmountable
for me to achieve the dreams I held of being the best I could be. When my fingers
were running through the dots on the paper, I wondered if I would ever become
proficient. Suddenly, I gained confidence in myself and came to the realization
that I could be productive and contribute to society in my own way. Like most
things worth doing, learning Braille meant committing to work and practice. What
kept me going was deeply reflecting on the benefits it would bring if I could
master it. As a result of my determination and effort, I mastered this code and
have become the proficient reader I am today.</p> <p>The most challenging part
for me in learning Braille was when I was introduced to the Nemeth Code used in
mathematics. Since math is extremely visual, it was very difficult to determine
where the answers would be placed when solving problems. The layout of math problems
can sometimes be different in Braille as in the case of long division or even the
presentation of a fraction, but it all makes sense once you realize that there
are minor differences in the format of math problems. I remember the endless hours
I spent trying to complete homework assignments on the Perkins Brailler and becoming
frustrated when I could not come up with a solution. Even the signs of operation
did not make sense to me at the time since there are a variety. There were moments
when I felt like giving up and like my confidence was shattered. Luckily, that
lasted only a short time because I was motivated to keep trying by my grandmother.
God bless her soul, she encouraged me to stay motivated and keep learning. Even
in those moments where I felt lost, her presence kept me up. Those countless hours
of frustration eventually turned into moments of joy, and I began to appreciate
math for what it is as a result of my dear grandmother’s support. I will
forever treasure the times when we would work problems together. Her explanations
through examples of objects enhanced my ability to comprehend the rules of
operation.</p> <p>Learning the contractions and short forms used in Braille made
the learning experience more enjoyable. In the same way, I became more efficient.
I strongly believe that contractions are very useful when scanning through articles
to identify words. These contractions also save room when writing. I feel that
time is a key component of efficiency, and the less time I spend figuring out
words, the more time I can devote to really understanding what I am reading that
the author is trying to communicate. By coming to understand the contractions
quickly, I can also decode the spelling of most words by picturing the word in my
head just as print readers do.</p> <p>When I went through the public school system,
I was fortunate to work with a vision teacher who instilled in me the importance
of literacy. Over the years, she introduced me to different ways in which Braille
could represent things I needed to know in addition to words, numbers, and symbols.
I learned about graphs, charts, maps, and other tactile graphics. As a result of
being exposed to them, I gained a thorough understanding of how information can
be presented. My teacher also kept me up-to-date as the Braille Code changed. Like
everything else, Braille has to evolve over time to represent new symbols in ways
that can be translated by a computer and interpreted by we who read Braille in a
way that is unambiguous. So I have learned the Unified English Braille Code and
can read it as well as the United States Braille Code I learned as a child.</p>
<p>My world changed for the better when I was introduced to refreshable Braille.
Through the use of notetakers and Braille displays, I feel more engaged with my
environment while also increasing my efficiency. Each day I am amazed by, and
grateful for, the ways technology evolves in such a short time, turning what seemed
impossible into moments that now represent endless opportunities. With today’s
digital age, a person can instantly send and receive email right under their
fingertips.</p> <p>For me personally, refreshable Braille allowed me to further
appreciate works of literature in ways I could not simply through audio. Using
Braille I can vary my reading speed and allow myself time to see why one word was
used instead of another and to take the time to really understand both the meaning
and emotion of the writer.</p> <p>To this day, I use refreshable Braille in my
post-secondary education, and it is making a huge difference in my learning. I am
not sure what I would do without it. While the speech from screen readers is
useful, just relying on them slows me down drastically because I have to listen
to the words being spoken and figure out what they mean. Using Braille and screen
readers together assists immensely in identifying spelling errors when writing
papers.</p> <p>I am of the opinion that the value of Braille goes beyond education
and employment. It truly opens the door of independence and productivity. In the
same way, Braille is the key to knowledge.</p> <p>Since I truly value Braille and
what it stands for, I have decided to undertake the journey of working towards a
certification in Braille transcribing. I am fully aware that there is insufficient
Braille instruction in schools, and children are not able to receive their materials
in a timely manner due to lack of resources. This is where I believe I can make
a significant contribution. Upon finishing the certification, my goal is to produce
educational materials for children so they are not left behind. Acquiring this
skill is a major stepping stone in developing one’s professional blueprint.</p>
<p>I also believe that promoting Braille literacy is essential in everyday life.
Whether or not you become fast, Braille will serve you well for reading a label
on a package, writing a reminder note, giving you the next thought in a speech,
or just making sure you get everything at the grocery store. These may seem like
small things, but they make the difference as to how well and how easily one gets
through life with confidence and contentment.</p> <p>----------</p> <h2 id="you-can-make-a-difference">You Can Make a Difference </h2> <p>Blind children,
students, and adults are making powerful strides in education and leadership every
day across the United States. For more than eighty years, the National Federation
of the Blind has worked to transform the dreams of hundreds of thousands of blind
people into reality. With support from individuals like you, we continue to provide
powerful programs and critical resources for decades to come. We sincerely hope
you will plan to be a part of our enduring movement by including the National
Federation of the Blind in your charitable giving and in your estate planning. It
is easier than you think.</p> <p> </p> <p>With your help, the NFB will continue
to:</p> <ul> <li><p>Give blind children the gift of literacy through Braille.</p></li>
<li><p>Promote independent travel by providing free, long white canes to blind
people in need.</p></li> <li><p>Develop dynamic educational projects and programs
to show blind youth that science and math careers are within their reach.</p></li>
<li><p>Deliver hundreds of accessible newspapers and magazines to provide blind
people the essential information necessary to be actively involved in their
communities.</p></li> <li><p>Offer aids and appliances that help seniors losing
vision maintain their independence.</p></li> </ul> <h3 id="plan-to-leave-a-legacy">Plan
to Leave a Legacy</h3> <p>The National Federation of the Blind legacy society,
our Dream Makers Circle, honors and recognizes the generosity and vision of members
and special friends of the National Federation of the Blind who have chosen to
leave a legacy through a will or other planned giving option. You can join the
Dream Makers Circle in a myriad of ways.</p> <p><strong>Fixed Sum of Assets</strong></p>
<p>You can specify that a fixed sum of your assets or property goes to the National
Federation of the Blind in your will, trust, pension, IRA, life insurance policy,
brokerage account, or other accounts.</p> <p><strong>Percentage of Assets</strong></p>
<p>You can specify that a percentage of your assets or property goes to the National
Federation of the Blind in your will, trust, pension, IRA, life insurance policy,
brokerage account, or other accounts.</p> <p><strong>Payable on Death (POD)
Account</strong></p> <p>You can name the National Federation of the Blind as the
beneficiary on a Payable on Death (POD) account through your bank. You can turn
any checking or savings account into a POD account. This is one of the simplest
ways to leave a legacy. The account is totally in your control during your lifetime
and you can change the beneficiary or percentage at any time with ease.</p>
<p><strong>Will or Trust</strong></p> <p>If you do decide to create or revise your
will, consider the National Federation of the Blind as a partial beneficiary.</p>
<p>Visit our Planned Giving webpage (<a href="https://www.nfb.org/get-involved/ways-give/planned-giving"><u>https://www.nfb.org/get-involved/ways-give/planned-giving</u></a>)
or call 410-659-9314, extension 2422, for more information.</p> <p>Together with
love, hope, determination, and your support, we will continue to transform dreams
into reality.</p> <h3 id="ways-to-contribute-now">Ways to Contribute Now </h3>
<p>Throughout 2021, the NFB:</p> <ul> <li><p>Sent nearly one thousand Braille
Santa and Winter Celebration letters to blind children, encouraging excitement
for Braille literacy.</p></li> <li><p>Distributed over five thousand canes to
blind people across the United States, empowering them to travel safely and
independently throughout their communities.</p></li> <li><p>Delivered audio
newspaper and magazine services to 126,823 subscribers, providing free access to
over five hundred local, national, and international publications.</p></li>
<li><p>Gave over six hundred Braille-writing slates and styluses free of charge
to blind users.</p></li> <li><p>Mentored 232 blind youth during our Braille
Enrichment for Literacy and Learning® Academy in-home editions.</p></li>
</ul> <p>Just imagine what we’ll do this year and, with your help, what
can be accomplished for years to come. Below are just a few of the many diverse,
tax-deductible ways you can lend your support to the National Federation of the
Blind.</p> <p><strong>Vehicle Donation Program</strong></p> <p>The NFB accepts
donated vehicles, including cars, trucks, boats, motorcycles, or recreational
vehicles. Just call 855-659-9314 toll-free, and a representative can make arrangements
to pick up your donation. We can also answer any questions you have.</p>
<p><strong>General Donation</strong></p> <p>General donations help support the
ongoing programs of the NFB and the work to help blind people live the lives they
want. You can call 410-659-9314 and elect option 4 to donate by phone. Donate
online with a credit card or through the mail with check or money order. Visit
our Ways to Give webpage (<a href="https://www.nfb.org/get-involved/ways-give"><u>https://www.nfb.org/get-involved/ways-give</u></a>)
for more information. </p> <p><strong>Pre-Authorized Contribution</strong></p>
<p>Through the Pre-Authorized Contribution (PAC) program, supporters sustain the
efforts of the National Federation of the Blind by making recurring monthly
donations by direct withdrawal of funds from a checking account or a charge to a
credit card. To enroll, call 410-659-9314, extension 2213, or fill out our PAC
Donation Form (<a href="https://www.nfb.org/pac"><u>https://www.nfb.org/pac</u></a>)
online.</p> <p>If you have questions about giving, please send an email to <a href="mailto:outreach@nfb.org"><u>outreach@nfb.org</u></a> or call 410-659-9314,
extension 2422.</p> <p>----------</p> <h2 id="nfb-pledge">NFB Pledge</h2> <p>I
pledge to participate actively in the efforts of the National Federation of the
Blind to achieve equality, opportunity, and security for the blind; to support
the policies and programs of the Federation; and to abide by its constitution.</p>
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