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    <p>Cullen, thank you.  I've just read them.</p>
    <p><br>
    </p>
    <p>Al</p>
    <p><br>
    </p>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 6/27/23 13:25, Cullen Gallagher via
      Massachusetts-NFB wrote:<br>
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      cite="mid:9182C85B-2B4E-4503-A6EC-8F727570C4F1@gmail.com"><base
href="https://nfb.org/resources/speeches-and-reports/resolutions/proposed-2023-resolutions">
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        <div class="Apple-Mail-URLShareUserContentTopClass">Hello
          everyone,</div>
        <div class="Apple-Mail-URLShareUserContentTopClass">These 16
          resolutions will be considered by the Resolutions Committee on
          Sunday afternoon, July 2. Those that the committee passes will
          be brought to the convention floor for a vote on Wednesday,
          July 5. </div>
        <div class="Apple-Mail-URLShareUserContentTopClass">The 16
          resolutions are below. Please note that this list could change
          slightly following Sunday's committee meeting.</div>
        <div class="Apple-Mail-URLShareUserContentTopClass">Looking
          forward to seeing many of you in Houston,</div>
        <div class="Apple-Mail-URLShareUserContentTopClass">Cullen</div>
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          <title>Proposed 2023 Resolutions | National Federation of the
            Blind</title>
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            <div class="original-url"><br>
              <a
href="https://nfb.org/resources/speeches-and-reports/resolutions/proposed-2023-resolutions"
                moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://nfb.org/resources/speeches-and-reports/resolutions/proposed-2023-resolutions</a><br>
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                <h1 class="title" style="font-weight: bold; font-size:
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                  margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-align: start; display:
                  block; max-width: 100%;">Proposed 2023 Resolutions</h1>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">The following resolutions
                  will be considered by the resolutions committee on
                  July 2. Those that pass will be considered by the full
                  convention on July 5.</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;"><span
                    class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">Resolution
                    2023-01: Regarding the Promulgation of Americans
                    with Disabilities Act Title III Website Regulations</span><br
                    style="max-width: 100%;">
                  <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width:
                    100%;">Resolution 2023-02: Regarding the
                    Preservation of the Vocational Rehabilitation
                    Program in the United States through the
                    Liberalization of Policies Governing Federal
                    Expenditures</span><br style="max-width: 100%;">
                  <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width:
                    100%;">Resolution 2023-03: Regarding the
                    Accessibility of Twitter</span><br style="max-width:
                    100%;">
                  <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width:
                    100%;">Resolution 2023-04: Regarding the Opposition
                    of the Brennan Center for Justice, Common Cause, and
                    Free Speech for People to Fully Accessible
                    Vote-By-Mail</span><br style="max-width: 100%;">
                  <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width:
                    100%;">Resolution 2023-05: Regarding Audio Delays
                    During Live Radio Play-by-Play Broadcasts</span><br
                    style="max-width: 100%;">
                  <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width:
                    100%;">Resolution 2023-06: Regarding the Enforcement
                    of Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973</span><br
                    style="max-width: 100%;">
                  <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width:
                    100%;">Resolution 2023-07: Regarding Text Formatting
                    in Real-Time Refreshable Braille</span><br
                    style="max-width: 100%;">
                  <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width:
                    100%;">Resolution 2023-08: Regarding the
                    Transportation Security Administration</span><br
                    style="max-width: 100%;">
                  <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width:
                    100%;">Resolution 2023-09: Regarding the
                    Accessibility of Training Administered by the
                    American Red Cross</span><br style="max-width:
                    100%;">
                  <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width:
                    100%;">Resolution 2023-10: Regarding Opposing the
                    Revival of Eugenics for the Blind</span><br
                    style="max-width: 100%;">
                  <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width:
                    100%;">Resolution 2023-11: Regarding the Nonvisual
                    Accessibility of Hearing Aids</span><br
                    style="max-width: 100%;">
                  <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width:
                    100%;">Resolution 2023-12: Regarding Expediting the
                    Plan to Achieve Self-Support Processing</span><br
                    style="max-width: 100%;">
                  <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width:
                    100%;">Resolution 2023-13: Regarding Artificial
                    Intelligence Chatbots and their Information on
                    Blindness</span><br style="max-width: 100%;">
                  <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width:
                    100%;">Resolution 2023-14: Regarding the Schedule A
                    Hiring Authority for Individuals with Disabilities</span><br
                    style="max-width: 100%;">
                  <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width:
                    100%;">Resolution 2023-15: Regarding the
                    Inaccessibility of C-SPAN's Coverage of
                    Congressional Votes</span><br style="max-width:
                    100%;">
                  <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width:
                    100%;">Resolution 2023-16: Regarding Urging the
                    National Council of State Agencies for the Blind and
                    Council of State Administrators of Vocational
                    Rehabilitation to Promote Certifications Issued by
                    the National Blindness Professional Certification
                    Board</span></p>
                <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em;
                  max-width: 100%;">Resolution 2023-01: Regarding the
                  Promulgation of Americans with Disabilities Act Title
                  III Website Regulations</h2>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, on July 26, 1990,
                  the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was signed
                  into law, including Title II requiring that state and
                  local governments be accessible to Americans with
                  disabilities and Title III requiring places of public
                  accommodation to be accessible to Americans with
                  disabilities; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the twelve examples
                  of public accommodation provided in Title III of the
                  ADA include, but are not limited to: places of
                  lodging, establishments serving food or drink, places
                  of exhibition or entertainment, places of public
                  gathering, sales or rental establishments, service
                  establishments, public transportation
                  terminals/stations, places of public display or
                  collection, places of recreation, places of education,
                  social service center establishments, and places of
                  exercise or recreation; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, on July 26, 2010,
                  exactly twenty years after the ADA was signed into
                  law, the United States Department of Justice published
                  an advance notice of proposed rulemaking (ANPRM)
                  regarding website accessibility regulations for both
                  Title II and Title III of the ADA; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, six years after the
                  publication of the ANPRM, the Department of Justice
                  issued a supplementary advance notice of proposed
                  rulemaking for only the Title II regulations on May 9,
                  2016; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, just nineteen
                  months after the publication of the supplementary
                  advance notice of proposed rulemaking, the Department
                  of Justice suddenly announced that it was withdrawing
                  the website ANPRM entirely on December 26, 2017; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, thirty-two years
                  after the ADA was originally signed into law, and
                  twelve years after the original ANPRM regarding Title
                  II and Title III website regulations, the Department
                  of Justice announced in the Fall 2022 Unified Agenda
                  that it would issue an NPRM regarding Title II website
                  regulations in the spring of 2023, but has failed to
                  announce any plans regarding Title III website
                  regulations: Now, therefore,</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT RESOLVED by the
                  National Federation of the Blind in Convention
                  assembled this fifth day of July, 2023, in the City of
                  Houston, Texas, that this organization demand the
                  United States Department of Justice immediately begin
                  the process of promulgating Americans with
                  Disabilities Act Title III website regulations by
                  publishing a notice of proposed rulemaking.</p>
                <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em;
                  max-width: 100%;">Resolution 2023-02: Regarding the
                  Preservation of the Vocational Rehabilitation Program
                  in the United States through the Liberalization of
                  Policies Governing Federal Expenditures</h2>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, a
                  disproportionately high rate of unemployment and
                  under-employment exists among the nation’s blind,
                  causing genuine hardship and suffering; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the National
                  Federation of the Blind has long championed and
                  advocated for programs within federal and state
                  government, non-profit organizations, and elsewhere
                  that will effectively help to minimize and address the
                  multiple economic and social disadvantages stemming
                  from unemployment and under-employment; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the national
                  Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) program, a
                  federal/state partnership charged with supporting
                  disabled people who have an impediment to securing
                  work within an integrated, competitive environment,
                  has—during its hundred-plus years of
                  existence—received priority attention and resources of
                  the National Federation of the Blind, calculated to
                  advocating that the VR program in this country adopt
                  policies that positively affect the lives of blind
                  people by increasing choice provisions, unique
                  nonvisual training, and ultimately employment
                  opportunities; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, within at least the
                  last decade, Vocational Rehabilitation agencies have
                  started to return substantial portions of their unused
                  Federal VR grants to the Rehabilitation Services
                  Administration (RSA), a part of the United States
                  Department of Education, for either redistribution
                  through the annual federal re-allotment process or
                  ultimate return to the United States Treasury; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, members of the
                  United States Congress and other relevant Executive
                  Branch officials have observed that the national VR
                  program has increasingly been challenged to spend its
                  federal resources, giving the reasonable impression
                  that this valuable federal employment program may not
                  be proving effective or does not require the level of
                  funding it is currently receiving; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, federal VR
                  officials and leaders of state VR agencies that manage
                  the day-to-day administration of the VR program
                  propound different institutional reasons for the
                  existing Federal VR expenditure challenge, both
                  perspectives having some merit; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, many state VR
                  Directors and senior fiscal policy staff believe that
                  some of the reasons for state VR agencies needing to
                  return large portions, or occasionally the entire
                  federal VR grant, back to the federal government
                  include the strict Federal fiscal enforcement and
                  interpretation that has deterred state VR agencies
                  from spending their Federal grant dollars and the
                  requirement to reserve and spend 15 percent of the
                  federal VR grant on Pre-Employment Transition Services
                  (Pre-ETS) services; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the alarming
                  pattern of state VR agencies returning federal VR
                  grant resources has caused federal leaders in both the
                  Legislative and Executive Branches of government to
                  sincerely conclude that this pattern of
                  non-expenditure reflects some type of dysfunction
                  within the national VR program or that the VR program
                  is simply over-funded; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, Federal officials
                  from RSA have been adopting administrative measures
                  and encouraging state VR agencies to liberalize some
                  of their policies and practices that falsely attribute
                  the inability to spend federal resources due to an
                  inaccurate interpretation of the federal VR
                  regulations; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, on October 29,2019,
                  the Office for Special Education and Rehabilitative
                  Services (OSERS) issued its Frequently Asked Questions
                  (FAQ) document, which granted prior approval for
                  certain Participant Support Costs and Equipment
                  Purchases, making it markedly easier for VR agencies
                  serving blind consumers to spend their Federal grant
                  dollars with greater practice and speed; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, during the
                  consecutive fall 2022 conferences of the Council of
                  State Administrators of Vocational Rehabilitation and
                  the National Council of State Agencies for the Blind,
                  senior RSA officials charged state VR agency directors
                  with being creative in reviewing long-existing state
                  policies that may be legal, but which may not fully
                  take advantage of latitude that the federal VR Act
                  allows state VR agencies to exercise: Now, therefore,</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT RESOLVED by the
                  National Federation of the Blind in Convention
                  assembled this fifth day of July, 2023, in the City of
                  Houston, Texas, that this organization call upon the
                  Rehabilitation Services Administration, the Council of
                  State Administrators of Vocational Rehabilitation, and
                  the National Council of State Agencies for the Blind,
                  to join together to develop policies that may be
                  relied on to support state VR agencies to spend their
                  federal VR grant resources responsibly and
                  consistently.</p>
                <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em;
                  max-width: 100%;">Resolution 2023-03: Regarding the
                  Accessibility of Twitter</h2>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, social media has
                  become a significant part of many people’s lives,
                  serving as a vehicle for staying in touch with
                  friends, seeking advice, searching for jobs, and
                  staying up-to-date on information about local and
                  national news and events; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, Twitter, a
                  mainstream social media platform, has been a space for
                  the blindness community, having prioritized
                  accessibility by establishing a dedicated
                  accessibility team, and providing frequent
                  accessibility-related updates and communications; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, Twitter in the past
                  allowed for third party clients that use its
                  application programming interface (API) to ensure an
                  accessible experience; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, in the fall of 2022
                  Twitter laid off its entire accessibility team and
                  made changes to its API that have broken accessible
                  Twitter clients used by our community; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, frequent updates to
                  social media platforms and apps like Twitter introduce
                  new features and bring changes to existing features,
                  and without the accessibility team, accessibility is
                  no longer taken into account with new builds and
                  features: Now, therefore,</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT RESOLVED by the
                  National Federation of the Blind in Convention
                  assembled this fifth day of July, 2023, in the City of
                  Houston, Texas, that this organization condemn and
                  deplore all acts of blatant discrimination and
                  disregard of blind people by Twitter; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that
                  Twitter shall no longer be a platform this
                  organization supports due to its complete lack of
                  regard for equal access by the blind; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that
                  this organization shall not abandon our supporters on
                  Twitter, but shall no longer use it as a primary
                  source of social media engagement; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that
                  this organization demand that Twitter build back its
                  commitment to creating more inclusive experiences by
                  prioritizing accessibility.</p>
                <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em;
                  max-width: 100%;">Resolution 2023-04: Regarding the
                  Opposition of the Brennan Center for Justice, Common
                  Cause, and Free Speech for People to Fully Accessible
                  Vote-By-Mail</h2>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the ability to cast
                  a secret and anonymous ballot is a cornerstone of our
                  democracy that enables citizens to vote their
                  conscience without fear; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, Title II of the
                  Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that
                  voters with print disabilities must be provided an
                  opportunity to mark and return their by-mail ballot
                  privately and independently at home that is equal to
                  the opportunity provided voters without disabilities;
                  and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, thirty-two states
                  currently permit military and overseas (UOCAVA) voters
                  to return their marked ballot either by email, fax, or
                  web portal; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, twenty-eight states
                  currently permit blind and low-vision voters to mark
                  their by-mail ballot using a remote accessible
                  vote-by-mail (RAVBM) system, but only thirteen states
                  (Colorado, Delaware, Hawaii, Indiana, Louisiana,
                  Maine, Massachusetts, Nevada, North Carolina, North
                  Dakota, Rhode Island, Utah, and West Virginia) have
                  passed state laws or have been ordered by a federal
                  court to permit voters with disabilities to return
                  their marked ballot electronically; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, states that do not
                  permit electronic return of ballots require that
                  ballots that are marked using an RAVBM be printed out
                  and returned by regular mail, or placed in a ballot
                  drop-box, which is a barrier that prevents many voters
                  with print disabilities from exercising their right to
                  vote by mail privately and independently; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, organizations such
                  as Common Cause, Brennan Center for Justice, and Free
                  Speech for People oppose fully accessible vote by
                  mail, and therefore the right of voters with print
                  disabilities to vote by mail privately and
                  independently, solely on the basis of unfounded
                  security concerns; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, Common Cause, Free
                  Speech for People, and the Brennan Center for Justice
                  claim that their missions are to “ensure that every
                  eligible American can cast a ballot,” and “to ensure
                  people can participate equally and meaningfully in our
                  democracy”; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the most commonly
                  used RAVBM, the Democracy Live OmniBallot portal, is
                  hosted on an Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud server,
                  which is the server used by the US Department of
                  Defense, Department of Homeland Security, Central
                  Intelligence Agency, and other US federal government
                  intelligence agencies to house top secret documents;
                  and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, Synack Security,
                  the nation’s premiere security testing company, has
                  conducted continuous penetration testing of the
                  OmniBallot portal since 2020, and a Synack Security
                  report, dated July 27, 2022, indicates that recent
                  testing by over four hundred independent security
                  testers found just one low-risk security
                  vulnerability, which was later confirmed to be fixed
                  and no longer present in OmniBallot; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, ballots
                  electronically returned on the OmniBallot portal are
                  encrypted, protected from being changed or
                  overwritten, and securely stored until the elections
                  office prints out and tabulates the ballot; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the Democracy Live
                  OMNIBallot RAVBM portal has been deployed in over four
                  thousand elections in ninety-six countries since 2010
                  with no security breaches, and is the most deployed
                  RAVBM in the US; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the Enhanced Voting
                  System, another RAVBM portal commonly used in the
                  United States,  has incorporated Microsoft
                  ElectionGuard, an end-to-end verification system, that
                  permits the voter to verify their submitted ballot
                  from the time it is submitted to when it is counted:
                  Now, therefore,</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT RESOLVED by the
                  National Federation of the Blind in Convention
                  assembled this fifth day of July, 2023, in the City of
                  Houston, Texas, that this organization demand that
                  Common Cause, Free Speech for People, and the Brennan
                  Center for Justice adhere to their mission that every
                  eligible American be able to cast a ballot, including
                  a by-mail ballot by blind, low-vision, and voters with
                  other print disabilities, privately, and
                  independently, and to amend their position on fully
                  accessible vote by mail to reflect the actual security
                  status of the state-of-the-art systems currently in
                  use, and to reflect the requirements of Title II of
                  the ADA.</p>
                <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em;
                  max-width: 100%;">Resolution 2023-05: Regarding Audio
                  Delays During Live Radio Play-by-Play Broadcasts</h2>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, many blind people
                  are sports fans who support their local sports teams;
                  and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, live radio
                  broadcasts of sporting events, where available, are
                  pivotal in helping many blind people to enjoy sporting
                  events, even when they attend the events in person,
                  because radio broadcasters typically provide thorough
                  nonvisual descriptions of the action on the field of
                  play for listeners; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, there may be a
                  significant audio delay, ranging from a few seconds to
                  a minute or more, between the action and the
                  description of the play over the live radio broadcast,
                  which can mean that blind people listening to the
                  broadcast in the stadium or arena do not receive
                  timely information about the action as it occurs; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, some sports
                  franchises have worked with their broadcast partners
                  to eliminate such delays, indicating that there is no
                  broadcast requirement that the delays be present to
                  meet Federal Communications Commission standards: for
                  example, the Baltimore Orioles worked with the Greater
                  Baltimore Chapter of the National Federation of the
                  Blind to resolve this issue; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, other franchises
                  have reportedly solved the problem by providing
                  dedicated pre-tuned receivers to blind fans, tuned to
                  a direct feed from the broadcast booth, allowing fans
                  to hear the play-by-play with no delay; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, while these
                  solutions have been implemented by some franchises,
                  there are not any league-wide policies, practices, or
                  standards that recognize and address the negative
                  effects of broadcast delays: Now, therefore,</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT RESOLVED by the
                  National Federation of the Blind in Convention
                  assembled this fifth day of July, 2023, in the City of
                  Houston, Texas, that we urge all of the professional
                  sports organizations in the United States, including
                  but not limited to Major League Baseball, the National
                  Football League, the National Basketball Association,
                  and the National Hockey League, to develop policies,
                  standards, and/or best practices in collaboration with
                  the National Federation of the Blind and with their
                  franchises and broadcast partners to eliminate audio
                  delays during live play-by-play broadcasts.</p>
                <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em;
                  max-width: 100%;">Resolution 2023-06: Regarding the
                  Enforcement of Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act
                  of 1973</h2>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the Workforce
                  Investment Act, which significantly expanded and
                  strengthened the technology access requirements for
                  Americans with disabilities under the original Section
                  508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, was signed into
                  law in 1998; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the strengthened
                  Section 508 went into effect and became enforceable in
                  2001; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, Section 508 of the
                  Rehabilitation Act requires Federal agencies to give
                  employees with disabilities and members of the public
                  access to information comparable to the access
                  available to others; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, Section 508
                  requires Federal agencies to make not only websites
                  and information published on the internet accessible,
                  but all electronic and communication technology (ECT),
                  including when those agencies develop, procure,
                  maintain, or use ECT; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the Department of
                  Justice is required by Section 508 to provide a report
                  to Congress and the President every two years
                  regarding federal technology accessibility; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the publication of
                  these reports has been sporadic, and frankly ignored,
                  with the previous report’s publication in September of
                  2012; and  </p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, on June 30, 2022,
                  Senators Bob Casey of Pennsylvania and Tim Scott of
                  South Carolina, along with five other senators, sent a
                  letter to the Attorney General demanding the
                  publication an updated Section 508 report; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, in July 2022, the
                  Senate Committee on Aging, led by Senators Casey and
                  Scott, held a hearing on the impact of lack of 508
                  compliance on blind and disabled employees, veterans,
                  and members of the public as part of a Senate
                  investigation on Section 508, which resulted in the
                  Committee publishing a Report on December 1, 2022,
                  entitled, “Unlocking the Virtual Front Door: An
                  Examination of Federal Technology’s Accessibility for
                  People with Disabilities, Older Adults, and Veterans”;
                  and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the December 1,
                  2022, report included clear and actionable
                  recommendations for Congress and executive branch
                  Federal agencies for improving data collection,
                  enforcement, accountability, and compliance for
                  Section 508; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the effort led by
                  Senators Casey and Scott ultimately resulted in the
                  Department of Justice publishing an updated Section
                  508 report in January 2023, which showed a significant
                  level of inaccessibility among federal agency
                  websites, including 10 percent of external agency
                  pages being inaccessible, 59 percent of internal
                  agency pages being inaccessible, and 80 percent of PDF
                  documents being inaccessible; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, given the degree of
                  inaccessibility that the January 2023 Report shows, it
                  can be reasonably assumed that Federal agencies are
                  failing at making other types of ECT accessible in the
                  same way they are failing for web content; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the United States
                  Access Board has regulatory authority over Section 508
                  of the Rehabilitation Act, and the United States Equal
                  Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) has
                  regulatory authority over employment discrimination
                  but no authority over Section 508; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, neither the Access
                  Board nor EEOC have enforcement authority over Section
                  508, resulting in little oversight or accountability
                  for employees and members of the public who encounter
                  non-508 compliant ECT; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, inaccessibility to
                  this degree after more than twenty years of the law
                  being in effect and enforceable is outrageous,
                  inexcusable, and unacceptable: Now, therefore,</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT RESOLVED by the
                  National Federation of the Blind in Convention
                  assembled this fifth day of July, 2023, in the City of
                  Houston, Texas, that this organization demand federal
                  agencies immediately cease the development, purchase,
                  maintenance, or use  of inaccessible information and
                  communication technology as well as the publication of
                  inaccessible website content and PDFs; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that
                  this organization demand federal agencies develop and
                  publish a roadmap by July 5, 2024, to remediate all
                  Section 508 violations; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that
                  this organization demand the United States Department
                  of Justice publish the next required bi-annual
                  accessibility report no later than January 2025 and
                  every two years thereafter; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that
                  this organization urge Congress to introduce and adopt
                  legislation that gives the Access Board and EEOC the
                  authority to enforce Section 508 and hold Federal
                  agencies accountable that fail to make their ECT 508
                  compliant; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that
                  this organization strongly urge that Congress and
                  executive branch Federal agencies adopt the
                  recommendations in the December 1, 2022, Report of the
                  Senate Committee on Aging; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that
                  this organization commend Senators Bob Casey of
                  Pennsylvania and Tim Scott of South Carolina for
                  leading a bipartisan effort to demand the Department
                  of Justice publish the Section 508 report and improve
                  Section 508 across the Federal government.</p>
                <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em;
                  max-width: 100%;">Resolution 2023-07: Regarding Text
                  Formatting in Real-Time Refreshable Braille</h2>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, italics, boldface,
                  underlining, and other formatting attributes are often
                  used as an integral aspect of much written material to
                  emphasize certain words, indicate a shift in time or
                  speaker, show insertions, or otherwise convey
                  information that is necessary for comprehension of the
                  full meaning of the text; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, such text
                  formatting can be displayed in Braille by the use of
                  specifically-defined Braille indicators that clearly
                  identify which attribute is being used and where it
                  begins and ends; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, to reduce clutter,
                  when formatting attributes are used for visual appeal
                  but do not add meaning, they are generally not shown
                  in Braille; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, screen reader
                  technology makes the contents of a digital screen
                  accessible via not only speech output but also by
                  displaying the words in Braille via real-time
                  translation software and a connected refreshable
                  Braille display; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, in speech output,
                  most screen readers can, if set to do so, represent
                  italics, boldface, underlining and the like by the use
                  of a different pitch, tone, or voice when speaking the
                  affected words; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, in Braille,
                  indication of text attributes by screen readers is
                  inconsistent at best—for example, NVDA is the only
                  screen reader which will, when set to do so, display
                  the assigned Braille boldface, italic, and underline
                  indicators wherever these formatting attributes occur
                  in the text; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, a recent software
                  update gave Apple’s VoiceOver screen reader the
                  ability, in very limited circumstances, to render the
                  Braille boldface, italic, and underline indicators,
                  but the implementation does not extend to many popular
                  applications such as the Kindle; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the methods
                  generally used by other screen readers to render this
                  formatting information in their real-time Braille
                  translation are either non-existent or are very
                  cumbersome and do not use the assigned Braille
                  indicators; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, lack of access to
                  this formatting information not only denies the
                  Braille reader some needed elements of the full
                  meaning of the text, but also represents a missed
                  opportunity for the Braille reader to learn about the
                  print formatting customs used in résumés and many
                  other documents they may be called upon to create as
                  part of employment or educational endeavors: Now,
                  therefore,</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT RESOLVED by the
                  National Federation of the Blind in Convention
                  assembled this fifth day of July, 2023, in the City of
                  Houston, Texas, that this organization call upon
                  developers of screen reader technology to prioritize
                  the implementation of displaying the Braille
                  indicators for boldface, italics, underlining, and
                  other attributes with assigned Braille indicators,
                  wherever these attributes appear in print, so that the
                  user can show or hide the indicators as preferred.</p>
                <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em;
                  max-width: 100%;">Resolution 2023-08: Regarding the
                  Transportation Security Administration</h2>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the Transportation
                  Security Administration (TSA) is responsible for
                  screening all passengers and their belongings for
                  safety purposes; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, blind people
                  traveling through airports every day for work,
                  vacation, or personal reasons interact with TSA agents
                  while navigating through the screening process; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, TSA agents will
                  frequently request long white cane users to send the
                  cane through the X-Ray machines, but then fail to
                  immediately return it, resulting in blind travelers
                  feeling inferior and being forced to rely on the agent
                  to help navigate the screening area; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, for guide dog
                  users, TSA officers will frequently attempt to
                  separate the user from their animal, require that they
                  be screened in a separate screening room, or attempt
                  to improperly remove the harness from the dog during
                  the detection process; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, TSA agents often
                  incorrectly inform these travelers that they are
                  breaking the law, but when pressed for said law the
                  agent is unable to provide further information; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, blind passengers
                  have been unnecessarily delayed or missed their flight
                  entirely because of aggressive TSA agents not allowing
                  us to quickly and independently move through the
                  screening process: Now, therefore,</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT RESOLVED by the
                  National Federation of the Blind in Convention
                  assembled this fifth day of July, 2023, in the City of
                  Houston, Texas, that this organization demand that the
                  Transportation Security Administration adopt proper
                  training on dealing with blind passengers, including
                  how to handle long white canes, guide dogs, and
                  assistive technology products, as well as respectfully
                  asking blind people if they would like assistance, to
                  be consistently used at all airports while interacting
                  with blind travelers; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that
                  this organization demand that the training be
                  developed in direct consultation with the National
                  Federation of the Blind, thereby ensuring the agents
                  understand how to best accommodate blind travelers’
                  needs.</p>
                <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em;
                  max-width: 100%;">Resolution 2023-09: Regarding the
                  Accessibility of Training Administered by the American
                  Red Cross</h2>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the American Red
                  Cross is the premier organization providing first aid
                  and CPR training to individuals across this nation;
                  and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, accessibility to
                  these training programs is vital to individuals who
                  are blind and wish to administer life-saving aid to
                  their friends and family members who may experience
                  medical emergencies and need assistance prior to when
                  emergency medical personnel may arrive; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, members of the
                  National Federation of the Blind have enrolled in
                  American Red Cross training programs and found that
                  over the last several years the electronic portion of
                  training, including materials provided after training,
                  have been inaccessible to them; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the American Red
                  Cross has recently begun to include videos in their
                  training programs, but these videos are not
                  audio-described and thus do not provide full access to
                  blind participants; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, members of the
                  National Federation of the Blind have communicated
                  with the American Red Cross for over three years to
                  offer assistance in making the American Red Cross
                  electronic materials accessible with limited success
                  to date: Now, therefore,</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT RESOLVED by the
                  National Federation of the Blind in Convention
                  assembled this fifth day of July, 2023, in the City of
                  Houston, Texas, that this organization strongly urge
                  the American Red Cross to take meaningful steps to
                  make all training programs and services accessible to
                  the blind and print-disabled; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that
                  we call upon the American Red Cross to seek the input
                  and partnership of blind consumers, notably the
                  National Federation of the Blind, in its efforts to
                  obtain and maintain accessibility.</p>
                <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em;
                  max-width: 100%;">Resolution 2023-10: Regarding
                  Opposing the Revival of Eugenics for the Blind</h2>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">This resolution addresses
                  suicide. Suicidal thoughts or actions (even in very
                  young children, older adults, and people with
                  life-threatening illness/disability) are a
                  manifestation of extreme distress and should not be
                  ignored. If you or someone you know needs immediate
                  help, call or text the Suicide & Crisis Lifeline
                  at 988.</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, people faced with
                  vision loss often go through an initial period of
                  depression, sometimes including suicidal feelings,
                  that are actually calls for help in living with
                  blindness, coping with depression, dealing with
                  anxiety about the future, managing grief, identifying
                  ways to avoid inadequate care options, and learning
                  independence as a blind person; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, some people who
                  become blind encounter lack of control, fear, and
                  spiritual despair; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, for most people who
                  express suicidal desires, public agencies operate a
                  network of services from public health, medical, and
                  legal agencies to prevent medical professionals,
                  caregivers, and family members from taking advantage
                  of or encouraging a person’s impulse for self-harm or
                  suicide; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, people with
                  disabilities are sometimes denied access to this
                  protective network of services based solely on a
                  doctor’s “good faith” diagnosis of terminal
                  disability, where terminal disability describes a
                  medical condition that some doctors would describe as
                  an incurable and irreversible disease that has been
                  medically confirmed and will, within reasonable
                  medical judgment, result in death within six
                  months—with or without medical care; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, far too many people
                  consider a loss of sight as a dying, as evident from
                  the opinion of one professional: “When, in the full
                  current of his sighted life, blindness comes on a man,
                  it is the end, the death, of that sighted life. It is
                  superficial, if not naive, to think of blindness as a
                  blow to the eyes only, to sight only. It is a
                  destructive blow to the self-image of a man…a blow
                  almost to his being itself.” Father Thomas J. Carroll,
                  founder and director of St. Paul’s Rehabilitation
                  Center for the Blind; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, under the guise of
                  “mercy” and “dignity” in dying, nine US states and the
                  District of Columbia have passed laws legalizing
                  physician-assisted suicide, which is a revival of old
                  eugenic ideologies that steer people with terminal
                  disabilities away from necessary mental health care,
                  medical care, and disability supports, and toward
                  death by suicide; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, this misguided
                  concept of mercy and dignity creates a two-tiered
                  medical system in which people who are suicidal
                  sometimes receive disparate treatment responses from
                  their physicians and varying levels of protection from
                  the state; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, people without
                  disabilities are encouraged in response to suicidal
                  desires to seek counseling, medical care, and other
                  protective supports; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, those with
                  disabilities are regarded as facing lives of
                  incapacity and despair that are not worth living, and
                  thus directed toward suicide itself; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, people who are
                  newly blinded often seek information from the medical
                  profession, and they encounter doctors who, although
                  they have much experience in curing ailments, have
                  essentially none in managing the disability of
                  blindness; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, these doctors
                  sometimes conclude that they could not possibly
                  function in society without sight and therefore
                  mistakenly believe that their patients who are blind
                  must face irreparable incapacity and irreversible
                  sorrow from an incurable condition that can never be
                  reversed, making the lives of these patients no longer
                  of any value; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, a number of groups
                  without knowledge of disability have decided to
                  persuade state legislatures that physician-assisted
                  suicide is a benefit to people with disabilities,
                  which has led to the adoption of assisted suicide
                  legislation in a number of states; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, such groups argue
                  that to permit people with disabilities to escape the
                  dreadful conditions of their lives is the kindest
                  thing that society can do; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, it becomes clear to
                  legislative committees that assisting people with
                  disabilities to achieve suicide preserves scarce
                  resources available to the medical and social services
                  communities—suicide is cheaper than providing service;
                  and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, in direct contrast
                  to this flawed perception, the National Federation of
                  the Blind, in the words of its founder Dr. Jacobus
                  tenBroek, recognizes that “…the blind as a group are
                  mentally competent, psychologically stable, and
                  socially adaptable. And that their needs are,
                  therefore, those of ordinary people, of normal men and
                  women, caught at a physical and social disadvantage.
                  This thesis affirms the capacity of the blind for
                  self-reliance and self-determination, for full
                  participation in the affairs of society and active
                  competition in the regular channels of democratic
                  opportunity.”; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the National
                  Federation of the Blind asserts that laws legalizing
                  physician-assisted suicide violate the Equal
                  Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment by
                  treating people with terminal disabilities differently
                  as compared to everyone else who expresses a wish to
                  die to their medical doctor and fails to include
                  sufficient safeguards to ensure that a
                  judgment-impaired, or unduly influenced person does
                  not receive and/or ingest lethal physician-assisted
                  suicide drugs without adequate due process in waiving
                  their fundamental right to live; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the National
                  Federation of the Blind knows that blindness is not
                  the characteristic that defines you or your future and
                  encourages and supports those individuals faced with
                  vision loss contemplating suicide, their families, and
                  friends to come to an understanding that blind people
                  live full and productive lives, adding value to
                  society: Now, therefore,</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT RESOLVED by the
                  National Federation of the Blind in Convention
                  assembled this fifth day of July, 2023, in the City of
                  Houston, Texas, that we categorically oppose assisted
                  suicide and euthanasia public policy for people with
                  disabilities as inherently discriminatory violations
                  of the Americans with Disabilities Act Section 504 of
                  the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Equal
                  Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth
                  Amendment of the United States Constitution; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that
                  this organization call upon the United States
                  Department of Justice to enforce the protections for
                  people with disabilities granted under the Equal
                  Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth
                  Amendment of the United States Constitution, the
                  Americans with Disabilities Act and Section 504 of the
                  Rehabilitation Act of 1973 to assure that disabled
                  people, including people who are blind, have access to
                  adequate services from medical professionals, social
                  service personnel, and law enforcement agencies to
                  prevent fast-track assignment to suicide; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that
                  we demand that State medical, social service, and
                  rehabilitation agencies immediately desist in
                  supporting assisted suicide and instead provide
                  supportive services to affirm the value of the lives
                  of people with disabilities; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that
                  nothing in this resolution shall be construed in a
                  manner that limits the autonomy of any blind or
                  disabled individual with the capacity to make their
                  own medical decisions in considering and exercising
                  end-of-life choices.</p>
                <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em;
                  max-width: 100%;">Resolution 2023-11: Regarding the
                  Nonvisual Accessibility of Hearing Aids</h2>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the mission of the
                  National Federation of the Blind is to improve the
                  lives of blind people by fostering personal
                  empowerment, coordinating nationwide advocacy, and
                  building a network of collective achievement; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, in today’s society,
                  blind and deafblind individuals need equal access to a
                  wide variety of information as well as access to
                  computers, smart phones, and other communication
                  devices; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, recently at least
                  one hearing aid manufacturer, Sonova, has made the
                  controls for their Phonak hearing aid accessible,
                  demonstrating that blind and deafblind individuals can
                  use these controls independently and safely; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, other manufacturers
                  of devices should be able to duplicate accessibility;
                  and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, many hearing-care
                  professionals have the same misunderstandings about
                  the abilities of deafblind individuals that the rest
                  of the public has; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, all hearing-care
                  professionals must recognize the capabilities of
                  deafblind individuals to manage their accessible
                  devices; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the United States
                  Food and Drug Administration has recently issued a
                  ruling, effective October 17, 2022, allowing the
                  over-the-counter purchase of hearing aids without a
                  prescription from a hearing health specialist; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, such a ruling opens
                  the market for hearing aid manufacturers to produce
                  more widely available, affordable, and potentially
                  accessible products: Now, therefore,</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT RESOLVED by the
                  National Federation of the Blind in Convention
                  assembled this fifth day of July, 2023, in the City of
                  Houston, Texas, that this organization call upon all
                  hearing care professionals, marketers, and
                  manufacturers to work with the National Federation of
                  the Blind so that blind and deafblind individuals can
                  incorporate independent management of their own
                  hearing aid and assistive listening device profiles;
                  and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that
                  this organization urge the Food and Drug
                  Administration to require that all hearing aids be
                  accessible to blind and deafblind people.</p>
                <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em;
                  max-width: 100%;">Resolution 2023-12: Regarding
                  Expediting the Plan to Achieve Self-Support Processing</h2>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, a Plan for
                  Achieving Self Support (PASS) is a Supplemental
                  Security Income (SSI) provision to help individuals
                  with disabilities return to work so that the applicant
                  can find employment that reduces or eliminates SSI or
                  Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits;
                  and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the Social Security
                  Administration (SSA) fact sheet on Plan for Achieving
                  Self-Support states, “PASS is a written plan of action
                  for pursuing and getting a particular type of job.”;
                  and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, a PASS can include
                  supplies to start a business, school expenses,
                  equipment, transportation, uniforms, and other items
                  or services that an applicant needs to reach his or
                  her employment goal; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, an advantage of an
                  approved PASS is that SSA does not count the money set
                  aside to reach a work goal, thus making the
                  participant eligible for SSI and other public
                  assistance programs such as Medicaid and SNAP; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the SSA can take
                  years to make a decision on the approval or denial of
                  this plan, causing hardship to the applicant because
                  their decision is not retroactive and the client must
                  wait in limbo for other public assistance programs;
                  and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the SSA does not
                  assist beneficiaries in developing a PASS, but instead
                  directs the applicant to seek help from the state
                  rehabilitation agency; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the applicant is
                  forced to work with two bureaucracies, the state
                  rehabilitation agency and SSA, resulting in
                  duplication and indefinite delays; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the state
                  vocational rehabilitation agency has organizational
                  knowledge and experience evaluating education and
                  training programs and already has a good working
                  relationship with the applicant; therefore, these
                  agencies should take over the approval of the plan;
                  and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, precedent already
                  exists for SSA to get information from the state
                  rehabilitation agency because it currently uses
                  disability determination from the state vocational
                  agency: Now, therefore,</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT RESOLVED by the
                  National Federation of the Blind in Convention
                  assembled this fifth day of July, 2023, in the City of
                  Houston, Texas, that this organization urge the Social
                  Security Administration to issue rulemaking procedures
                  that will delegate authority to state vocational
                  rehabilitation agencies to approve individual plans to
                  receive self-support.</p>
                <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em;
                  max-width: 100%;">Resolution 2023-13: Regarding
                  Artificial Intelligence Chatbots and their Information
                  on Blindness</h2>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, an artificial
                  intelligence chatbot is any computer program that can
                  carry on a natural conversation with a user and
                  provide responses drawn from a set of existing data;
                  and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, chatbots and other
                  artificial intelligence technologies are becoming
                  increasingly prevalent in society, including in the
                  provision of customer service and information; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the National
                  Federation of the Blind is committed to ensuring that
                  blind and low-vision people have equal access to
                  information and technology; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, it has come to the
                  attention of the National Federation of the Blind that
                  some chatbots, including ChatGPT and Bard, may provide
                  users with stereotypical and inaccurate information
                  about blindness and blind individuals; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the provision of
                  such information perpetuates harmful stereotypes and
                  contributes to the marginalization of blind
                  individuals; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the National
                  Federation of the Blind believes that creators of
                  chatbots have a responsibility to ensure that their
                  technology does not perpetuate harmful stereotypes or
                  misinformation about blindness: Now, therefore,</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT RESOLVED by the
                  National Federation of the Blind in Convention
                  assembled this fifth day of July, 2023, in the City of
                  Houston, Texas, that we urge the creators of ChatGPT,
                  Bard, and any future chatbots that may be developed to
                  work with the National Federation of the Blind to
                  build their chatbots in a way that ensures the
                  provision of accurate, non-stereotypical information
                  about blindness and blind individuals; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that
                  we call upon the creators of these chatbots to
                  collaborate with the National Federation of the Blind
                  to develop and implement best practices for ensuring
                  that their technology is accessible and inclusive for
                  blind and low-vision people and that these best
                  practices should include the use of blind and low
                  vision people in the development and testing of these
                  chatbots.</p>
                <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em;
                  max-width: 100%;">Resolution 2023-14: Regarding the
                  Schedule A Hiring Authority for Individuals with
                  Disabilities</h2>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the United States
                  Federal government claims that one of its primary
                  goals is to be the model employer of individuals with
                  disabilities; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the Federal
                  government hires individuals either competitively into
                  the competitive service or noncompetitively into the
                  excepted service; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, since the 1930s,
                  Schedule A appointments to the Federal government have
                  included a variety of categories of individuals who
                  are hired non-competitively and into the excepted
                  service; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, President Jimmy
                  Carter issued Executive Order 12125 on March 15, 1979,
                  which, for the first time, established the Schedule A
                  Hiring Authority for Individuals with Disabilities as
                  a section within the broader Schedule A Hiring
                  Authority, in order to create a pathway to level the
                  playing field for applicants with disabilities who are
                  seeking employment with the Federal government; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the Schedule A
                  Hiring Authority for Individuals with Disabilities is
                  intended to create a vehicle for individuals with
                  severe psychiatric, mental, and physical disabilities,
                  including blindness, to be excepted from the
                  competitive hiring process in order to increase the
                  number of individuals with disabilities that are hired
                  to work for the Federal government; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the Office of
                  Personnel Management promulgated the implementing
                  regulation for the Schedule A Hiring Authority for
                  Individuals with Disabilities at 5 C.F.R. 213.3102(u)
                  and is responsible for oversight and implementation of
                  this authority; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, this authority is
                  applicable to both veterans and non-veterans with
                  disabilities; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, though this
                  regulation has been updated and modernized on multiple
                  occasions in its forty-four year history, most
                  recently in 2013, the Federal government has still
                  struggled to hire and retain employees with
                  disabilities and routinely fails to meet its own
                  targets; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the Schedule A
                  Hiring Authority for Individuals with Disabilities
                  requires a two-year trial period for newly hired
                  employees, which is equivalent to a probationary
                  employment period, while other new employees are only
                  required to serve one year of probationary employment;
                  and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, though existing
                  employees with disabilities may use the Schedule A
                  Hiring Authority for Individuals with Disabilities to
                  non-competitively be promoted or transferred within
                  the Federal government, they must serve a new two-year
                  trial period every time the Schedule A Hiring
                  Authority for Individuals with Disabilities is used,
                  effectively disincentivizing the process contrary to
                  its intent; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the two-year trial
                  period was, in 1979, intended to protect employees
                  with disabilities because it took significant time to
                  procure and implement reasonable accommodations; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, technological
                  advancement, commercial availability, and equity
                  principles have significantly reduced the amount of
                  time to procure and implement reasonable
                  accommodations, rendering the prolonged trial period
                  unnecessary and potentially punitive; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, on November 6,
                  2020, the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) revised
                  5 C.F.R. 302, which governs the general Schedule A
                  Hiring Authority, to require the use of veterans
                  preference and other significant restrictions for
                  excepted service positions; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, this change has
                  created tremendous confusion among Federal agencies
                  about how to implement the Schedule A Hiring Authority
                  for Individuals with Disabilities, resulting in
                  multiple Federal agencies severely curtailing their
                  use of this authority; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, some Federal
                  agencies have reacted to this amended regulation by
                  outright prohibiting non-competitive hiring using the
                  Schedule A Authority for Individuals with
                  Disabilities; decommissioning non-competitive résumé
                  databases containing applications and résumés for
                  Schedule A applicants with disabilities; ranking and
                  rating applicants who seek to use the Schedule A
                  Hiring Authority for Individuals with Disabilities
                  behind all other applicant categories, even
                  competitive applicants; and other consequences that
                  effectively render the Schedule A Hiring Authority for
                  Individuals with Disabilities meaningless; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, OPM has indicated
                  that the revised regulation does not apply to the
                  Schedule A Hiring Authority for Individuals with
                  Disabilities, but this guidance is not easily
                  available, prominently published, or enforced; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, on June 25, 2021,
                  President Joe Biden issued Executive Order 14035,
                  Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility in the
                  Federal Workforce, which directs the Federal
                  government to, “assess current practices in using
                  Schedule A hiring authority to employ people with
                  disabilities in the Federal Government, and evaluate
                  opportunities to enhance equity in employment
                  opportunities and financial security for employees
                  with disabilities through different practices or
                  guidance on the use of Schedule A Hiring Authority”:
                  Now, therefore,</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT RESOLVED by the
                  National Federation of the Blind in Convention
                  assembled this fifth day of July, 2023, in the City of
                  Houston, Texas, that this organization emphatically
                  urge the Office of Personnel Management to provide
                  Federal agencies with clear instructions concerning
                  the non-applicability of 5 C.F.R. 302 to the Schedule
                  A Hiring Authority for Individuals with Disabilities
                  and direct agencies to reinstate non-competitive
                  hiring procedures for applicants with disabilities;
                  and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that
                  this organization urge OPM to update the Schedule A
                  Hiring Authority for Individuals with Disabilities
                  regulations to reduce the trial period to one year for
                  new hires and eliminate it entirely for promotions and
                  transfers consistent with competitive hiring
                  principles; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that
                  this organization commend the Biden Administration for
                  elevating accessibility including the Schedule A
                  Hiring Authority for Individuals with Disabilities;
                  and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that
                  this organization urge OPM to promulgate updated
                  regulations to implement the Schedule A Hiring
                  Authority for Individuals with Disabilities that
                  update and modernize the authority consistent with the
                  Federal government’s goal of being the model employer
                  of individuals with disabilities and include
                  stakeholders with disabilities, including the National
                  Federation of the Blind, in that effort.</p>
                <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em;
                  max-width: 100%;">Resolution 2023-15: Regarding the
                  Inaccessibility of C-SPAN's Coverage of Congressional
                  Votes</h2>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, C-SPAN provides
                  complete coverage of the United States Senate and the
                  House of Representatives; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, typically only
                  C-SPAN equipment is permitted to cover Congressional
                  proceedings, including coverage of floor votes in both
                  chambers; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, as votes are taken
                  on bills, nominations, motions and more, a tally is
                  displayed on the screen listing the current vote; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, members of the
                  Senate cast their votes orally, however members of the
                  House record their votes by electronic device; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, despite the Senate
                  using voice votes, at no point is the changing vote
                  tally read out loud for either chamber for those who
                  cannot see the current vote margin on the screen; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, there are numerous
                  pieces of legislation that are debated and voted upon
                  that would considerably impact the lives of the
                  nation's blind; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, C-SPAN sometimes
                  interrupts coverage for a moment to speak important
                  details, such as what is about to be considered, but
                  never to say the current vote totals; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, C-SPAN has been
                  contacted about adding a feature to make these votes
                  accessible and has not returned correspondence: Now,
                  therefore,</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT RESOLVED by the
                  National Federation of the Blind in Convention
                  assembled this fifth day of July, 2023, in the City of
                  Houston, Texas, that we urge C-SPAN to audibly update
                  viewers as votes progress every few minutes; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that
                  this organization urge other services that offer
                  coverage of state and federal legislatures and
                  government proceedings to add an accessible mechanism
                  for following vote tallies and other pertinent
                  information that is readily displayed on the screen
                  for viewers at home.</p>
                <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em;
                  max-width: 100%;">Resolution 2023-16: Regarding Urging
                  the National Council of State Agencies for the Blind
                  and Council of State Administrators of Vocational
                  Rehabilitation to Promote Certifications Issued by the
                  National Blindness Professional Certification Board</h2>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, all blind Americans
                  deserve high-quality vocational rehabilitation (VR)
                  services that empower and inspire them to live the
                  lives they want; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, there continues to
                  be a shortage of instructors to fill vacancies in
                  positions providing adjustment-to-blindness training
                  to blind consumers of VR services; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the National
                  Council of State Agencies for the Blind (NCSAB) is
                  composed of specialized state agencies providing VR
                  services to the blind; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the Council of
                  State Administrators of Vocational Rehabilitation
                  (CSAVR) is composed of the chief administrators of
                  state agencies providing VR services; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the National
                  Blindness Professional Certification Board (NBPCB) was
                  created in 2001 and now offers certifications in
                  access technology, orientation and mobility,
                  rehabilitation teaching, and Unified English Braille
                  and emphasizes a positive philosophy of blindness and
                  the importance of blind role models; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, some state VR
                  agencies and contractors with state VR agencies do not
                  accept certifications issued by the NBPCB, but
                  recognize certifications by the Academy for
                  Certification of Vision Rehabilitation and Education
                  Professionals (ACVREP) when hiring instructional
                  rehabilitation personnel; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the pathway to
                  obtaining certifications issued by ACVREP continues to
                  be problematic for blind applicants, thus
                  marginalizing blind people within the professional
                  community affiliated with ACVREP; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, the NBPCB was
                  established to administer certifications for blindness
                  rehabilitation professionals in a way that does not
                  discriminate against blind instructors and thus treats
                  blind and sighted instructors equally; and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">WHEREAS, blind people
                  holding certifications from the NBPCB have been
                  successfully providing VR services to blind adults
                  through VR programs funded by the United States
                  Department of Education since 2001, demonstrating
                  their capabilities for the last twenty-two years: Now,
                  therefore,</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT RESOLVED by the
                  National Federation of the Blind in Convention
                  assembled this fifth day of July, 2023, in the City of
                  Houston, Texas, that this organization urge the
                  National Council of State Agencies for the Blind and
                  Council of State Administrators of Vocational
                  Rehabilitation to urge their member agencies and
                  administrators to accept certifications issued by the
                  National Blindness Professional Certification Board;
                  and</p>
                <p style="max-width: 100%;">BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that
                  this organization demand that certifications issued by
                  the National Blindness Professional Certification
                  Board be treated equally to their counterpart
                  certifications issued by the Academy for Certification
                  of Vision Rehabilitation and Education Professionals.</p>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </blockquote>
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            <div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color:
              rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start;
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              -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;">
              <div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color:
                rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start;
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                0px; text-decoration: none; overflow-wrap: break-word;
                -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break:
                after-white-space;">Cullen Gallagher</div>
              <div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color:
                rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start;
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                0px; text-decoration: none; overflow-wrap: break-word;
                -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break:
                after-white-space;">Affiliate Secretary and Cambridge
                Chapter Secretary: National Federation of the Blind of
                Massachusetts
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div>The National Federation of the Blind knows that
                  blindness is not the characteristic that defines you
                  or your future. Every day we raise the expectations of
                  blind people, because low expectations create
                  obstacles between blind people and our dreams. You can
                  live the life you want; blindness is not what holds
                  you back.</div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
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      <br>
      <br>
      <fieldset class="moz-mime-attachment-header"></fieldset>
      <pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap="">_______________________________________________
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