[nabs-l] =?iso-8859-1?q?=28It=92s_Just_So_Darn_Hard=29_-_NYTimes?= =?iso-8859-1?q?=2Ecom?=

[Chris Nusbaum]

Hi=20Hai,

This=20was=20interesting!=20Although,=20it=20might=20be=20a=20little=20off-=
topic=20
for=20this=20list.=20=20However,=20I=20can=20see=20the=20benefits=20of=20pr=
ograms=20like=20
Youth=20Slam=20in=20changing=20these=20statistics=20for=20blind=20students.=


=20-----=20Original=20Message=20-----
From:=20Hai=20Nguyen=20Ly=20<gymnastdave at sbcglobal.net
To:=20National=20Association=20of=20Blind=20Students=20mailing=20list=20
<nabs-l at nfbnet.org
Date=20sent:=20Fri,=204=20Nov=202011=2014:56:12=20-0400
Subject:=20[nabs-l]=20Why=20Science=20Majors=20Change=20Their=20Minds=20(It=
=92s=20
Just=20So=20Darn=20Hard)=20-=20NYTimes.com


http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/06/education/edlife/why-science-ma
jors-change-their-mind-its-just-so-darn-hard.html?_r=3D1&pagewanted
=3Dall

Why=20Science=20Majors=20Change=20Their=20Minds=20(It=92s=20Just=20So=20Dar=
n=20Hard)

LAST=20FALL,=20President=20Obama=20threw=20what=20was=20billed=20as=20the=20=
first=20
White=20House=20Science=20Fair,=20a=20photo=20op=20in=20the=20gilt-mirrored=
=20State=20
Dining=20Room.=20=20He=20tested=20a=20steering=20wheel=20designed=20by=20mi=
ddle=20
schoolers=20to=20detect=20distracted=20driving=20and=20peeked=20inside=20a=
=20robot=20
that=20plays=20soccer.=20=20It=20was=20meant=20as=20an=20inspirational=20mo=
ment:=20
children,=20science=20is=20fun;=20work=20harder.

Politicians=20and=20educators=20have=20been=20wringing=20their=20hands=20fo=
r=20
years=20over=20test=20scores=20showing=20American=20students=20falling=20be=
hind=20
their=20counterparts=20in=20Slovenia=20and=20Singapore.=20=20How=20will=20t=
he=20
United=20States=20stack=20up=20against=20global=20rivals=20in=20innovation?=
=20The=20
president=20and=20industry=20groups=20have=20called=20on=20colleges=20to=20=
graduate=20
10,000=20more=20engineers=20a=20year=20and=20100,000=20new=20teachers=20wit=
h=20majors=20
in=20STEM=20=97=20science,=20technology,=20engineering=20and=20math.=20=20A=
ll=20the=20
Sputnik-like=20urgency=20has=20put=20classrooms=20from=20kindergarten=20thr=
ough=20
12th=20grade=20=97=20the=20pipeline,=20as=20they=20call=20it=20=97=20under=
=20a=20microscope.=20=20
And=20there=20are=20encouraging=20signs,=20with=20surveys=20showing=20the=20=
number=20
of=20college=20freshmen=20interested=20in=20majoring=20in=20a=20STEM=20fiel=
d=20on=20the=20
rise.

But,=20it=20turns=20out,=20middle=20and=20high=20school=20students=20are=20=
having=20
most=20of=20the=20fun,=20building=20their=20erector=20sets=20and=20dropping=
=20eggs=20
into=20water=20to=20test=20the=20first=20law=20of=20motion.=20=20The=20exci=
tement=20
quickly=20fades=20as=20students=20brush=20up=20against=20the=20reality=20of=
=20what=20
David=20E.=20=20Goldberg,=20an=20emeritus=20engineering=20professor,=20call=
s=20=93the=20
math-science=20death=20march.=94=20Freshmen=20in=20college=20wade=20through=
=20a=20
blizzard=20of=20calculus,=20physics=20and=20chemistry=20in=20lecture=20hall=
s=20with=20
hundreds=20of=20other=20students.=20=20And=20then=20many=20wash=20out.

Studies=20have=20found=20that=20roughly=2040=20percent=20of=20students=20pl=
anning=20
engineering=20and=20science=20majors=20end=20up=20switching=20to=20other=20=
subjects=20
or=20failing=20to=20get=20any=20degree.=20=20That=20increases=20to=20as=20m=
uch=20as=2060=20
percent=20when=20pre-medical=20students,=20who=20typically=20have=20the=20
strongest=20SAT=20scores=20and=20high=20school=20science=20preparation,=20a=
re=20
included,=20according=20to=20new=20data=20from=20the=20University=20of=20Ca=
lifornia=20
at=20Los=20Angeles.=20=20That=20is=20twice=20the=20combined=20attrition=20r=
ate=20of=20all=20
other=20majors.

For=20educators,=20the=20big=20question=20is=20how=20to=20keep=20the=20mome=
ntum=20being=20
built=20in=20the=20lower=20grades=20from=20dissipating=20once=20the=20stude=
nts=20get=20
to=20college.

=93We=92re=20losing=20an=20alarming=20proportion=20of=20our=20nation=92s=20=
science=20
talent=20once=20the=20students=20get=20to=20college,=94=20says=20Mitchell=20=
J.=20=20
Chang,=20an=20education=20professor=20at=20U.C.L.A.=20=20who=20has=20studie=
d=20the=20
matter.=20=20=93It=92s=20not=20just=20a=20K-12=20preparation=20issue.=94

Professor=20Chang=20says=20that=20rather=20than=20losing=20mainly=20student=
s=20from=20
disadvantaged=20backgrounds=20or=20with=20lackluster=20records,=20the=20
attrition=20rate=20can=20be=20higher=20at=20the=20most=20selective=20school=
s,=20where=20
he=20believes=20the=20competition=20overwhelms=20even=20well-qualified=20
students.

=93You=92d=20like=20to=20think=20that=20since=20these=20institutions=20are=
=20getting=20
the=20best=20students,=20the=20students=20who=20go=20there=20would=20have=20=
the=20best=20
chances=20to=20succeed,=94=20he=20says.=20=20=93But=20if=20you=20take=20two=
=20students=20who=20
have=20the=20same=20high=20school=20grade-point=20average=20and=20SAT=20sco=
res,=20and=20
you=20put=20one=20in=20a=20highly=20selective=20school=20like=20Berkeley=20=
and=20the=20
other=20in=20a=20school=20with=20lower=20average=20scores=20like=20Cal=20St=
ate,=20that=20
Berkeley=20student=20is=20at=20least=2013=20percent=20less=20likely=20than=
=20the=20one=20
at=20Cal=20State=20to=20finish=20a=20STEM=20degree.=94

The=20bulk=20of=20attrition=20comes=20in=20engineering=20and=20among=20pre-=
med=20
majors,=20who=20typically=20leave=20STEM=20fields=20if=20their=20hopes=20fo=
r=20
medical=20school=20fade.=20=20There=20is=20no=20doubt=20that=20the=20main=20=
majors=20are=20
difficult=20and=20growing=20more=20complex.=20=20Some=20students=20still=20=
lack=20
math=20preparation=20or=20aren=92t=20willing=20to=20work=20hard=20enough.

Other=20deterrents=20are=20the=20tough=20freshman=20classes,=20typically=20=

followed=20by=20two=20years=20of=20fairly=20abstract=20courses=20leading=20=
to=20a=20
senior=20research=20or=20design=20project.=20=20=93It=92s=20dry=20and=20har=
d=20to=20get=20
through,=20so=20if=20you=20can=20create=20an=20oasis=20in=20there,=20it=20w=
ould=20be=20a=20
good=20thing,=94=20says=20Dr.=20=20Goldberg,=20who=20retired=20last=20year=
=20as=20an=20
engineering=20professor=20at=20the=20University=20of=20Illinois=20at=20
Urbana-Champaign=20and=20is=20now=20an=20education=20consultant.=20=20He=20=
thinks=20
the=20president=92s=20chances=20of=20getting=20his=2010,000=20engineers=20i=
s=20
=93essentially=20nil.=94

In=20September,=20the=20Association=20of=20American=20Universities,=20which=
=20
represents=2061=20of=20the=20largest=20research=20institutions,=20announced=
=20a=20
five-year=20initiative=20to=20encourage=20faculty=20members=20in=20the=20ST=
EM=20
fields=20to=20use=20more=20interactive=20teaching=20techniques.

=93There=20is=20a=20long=20way=20to=20go,=94=20says=20Hunter=20R.=20=20Rawl=
ings,=20the=20
association=92s=20president,=20=93and=20there=20is=20an=20urgent=20need=20t=
o=20
accelerate=20the=20process=20of=20reform.=94

The=20latest=20research=20also=20suggests=20that=20there=20could=20be=20mor=
e=20subtle=20
problems=20at=20work,=20like=20the=20proliferation=20of=20grade=20inflation=
=20in=20
the=20humanities=20and=20social=20sciences,=20which=20provides=20another=20=

incentive=20for=20students=20to=20leave=20STEM=20majors.=20=20It=20is=20no=
=20surprise=20
that=20grades=20are=20lower=20in=20math=20and=20science,=20where=20the=20an=
swers=20are=20
clear-cut=20and=20there=20are=20no=20bonus=20points=20for=20flair.=20=20Pro=
fessors=20
also=20say=20they=20are=20strict=20because=20science=20and=20engineering=20=
courses=20
build=20on=20one=20another,=20and=20a=20student=20who=20fails=20to=20absorb=
=20the=20key=20
lessons=20in=20one=20class=20will=20flounder=20in=20the=20next.

After=20studying=20nearly=20a=20decade=20of=20transcripts=20at=20one=20coll=
ege,=20
Kevin=20Rask,=20a=20professor=20at=20Wake=20Forest=20University,=20conclude=
d=20last=20
year=20that=20the=20grades=20in=20the=20introductory=20math=20and=20science=
=20classes=20
were=20among=20the=20lowest=20on=20campus..=20=20The=20chemistry=20departme=
nt=20gave=20
the=20lowest=20grades=20over=20all,=20averaging=202.78=20out=20of=204,=20fo=
llowed=20by=20
mathematics=20at=202.90.=20=20Education,=20language=20and=20English=20cours=
es=20had=20
the=20highest=20averages,=20ranging=20from=203.33=20to=203.36.

Ben=20Ost,=20a=20doctoral=20student=20at=20Cornell,=20found=20in=20a=20simi=
lar=20study=20
that=20STEM=20students=20are=20both=20=93pulled=20away=94=20by=20high=20gra=
des=20in=20their=20
courses=20in=20other=20fields=20and=20=93pushed=20out=94=20by=20lower=20gra=
des=20in=20their=20
majors.

MATTHEW=20MONIZ=20bailed=20out=20of=20engineering=20at=20Notre=20Dame=20in=
=20the=20fall=20
of=20his=20sophomore=20year.=20=20He=20had=20been=20the=20kind=20of=20recru=
it=20most=20
engineering=20departments=20dream=20about.=20=20He=20had=20scored=20an=2080=
0=20in=20
math=20on=20the=20SAT=20and=20in=20the=20700s=20in=20both=20reading=20and=20=
writing.=20=20He=20
also=20had=20taken=20Calculus=20BC=20and=20five=20other=20Advanced=20Placem=
ent=20
courses=20at=20a=20prep=20school=20in=20Washington,=20D.C.,=20and=20had=20l=
ong=20
planned=20to=20major=20in=20engineering.

But=20as=20Mr.=20=20Moniz=20sat=20in=20his=20mechanics=20class=20in=202009,=
=20he=20realized=20
he=20had=20already=20had=20enough.=20=20=93I=20was=20trying=20to=20memorize=
=20equations,=20
and=20engineering=92s=20all=20about=20the=20application,=20which=20they=20r=
eally=20
didn=92t=20teach=20too=20well,=94=20he=20says.=20=20=93It=20was=20just=20li=
ke,=20=91Do=20these=20
practice=20problems,=20then=20you=92re=20on=20your=20own.=92=20=94=20And=20=
as=20he=20looked=20
ahead=20at=20the=20curriculum,=20he=20did=20not=20see=20much=20relief=20on=
=20the=20
horizon.

So=20Mr.=20=20Moniz,=20a=2021-year-old=20who=20likes=20poetry=20and=20had=20=
enjoyed=20
introductory=20psychology,=20switched=20to=20a=20double=20major=20in=20psyc=
hology=20
and=20English,=20where=20the=20classes=20are=20=93a=20lot=20more=20discussi=
on=20based.=94=20
He=20will=20graduate=20in=20May=20and=20plans=20to=20be=20a=20clinical=20ps=
ychologist.=20=20
Of=20his=20four=20freshman=20buddies=20at=20Notre=20Dame,=20one=20switched=
=20to=20
business,=20another=20to=20music.=20=20One=20of=20the=20two=20who=20is=20st=
ill=20in=20
engineering=20plans=20to=20work=20in=20finance=20after=20graduation.

Mr.=20=20Moniz=92s=20experience=20illustrates=20how=20some=20of=20the=20bes=
t-prepared=20
students=20find=20engineering=20education=20too=20narrow=20and=20lacking=20=
the=20
passion=20of=20other=20fields.=20=20They=20also=20see=20easier=20ways=20to=
=20make=20
money.

Notre=20Dame=92s=20engineering=20dean,=20Peter=20Kilpatrick,=20will=20be=20=
the=20
first=20to=20concede=20that=20sophomore=20and=20junior=20years,=20which=20f=
ocus=20
mainly=20on=20theory,=20remain=20a=20=93weak=20link=94=20in=20technical=20e=
ducation.=20=20
He=20says=20his=20engineering=20school=20has=20gradually=20improved=20its=20=

retention=20rate=20over=20the=20past=20decade=20by=20creating=20design=20pr=
ojects=20
for=20freshmen=20and=20breaking=20=93a=20deadly=20lecture=94=20for=20400=20=
students=20
into=20groups=20of=2080.=20=20Only=2050=20to=2055=20percent=20of=20the=20sc=
hool=92s=20
students=20stayed=20through=20graduation=2010=20years=20ago.=20=20But=20tha=
t=20figure=20
now=20tops=2075=20percent,=20he=20says,=20and=20efforts=20to=20create=20mor=
e=20labs=20in=20
the=20middle=20years=20could=20help=20raise=20it=20further.

=93We=92re=20two=20years=20into=20that=20experiment=20and,=20quite=20honest=
ly,=20it=92s=20
probably=20going=20to=20take=205=20to=2010=20years=20before=20we=92re=20rea=
lly=20able=20to=20
inflesh=20the=20whole=20curriculum=20with=20this=20project-based=20learning=
,=94=20
Dean=20Kilpatrick=20says.

No=20one=20doubts=20that=20students=20need=20a=20strong=20theoretical=20fou=
ndation.=20=20
But=20what=20frustrates=20education=20experts=20is=20how=20long=20it=20has=
=20taken=20
for=20most=20schools=20to=20make=20changes.

The=20National=20Science=20Board,=20a=20public=20advisory=20body,=20warned=
=20in=20the=20
mid-1980s=20that=20students=20were=20losing=20sight=20of=20why=20they=20wan=
ted=20to=20
be=20scientists=20and=20engineers=20in=20the=20first=20place.=20=20Research=
=20
confirmed=20in=20the=201990s=20that=20students=20learn=20more=20by=20grappl=
ing=20with=20
open-ended=20problems,=20like=20creating=20a=20computer=20game=20or=20desig=
ning=20
an=20alternative=20energy=20system,=20than=20listening=20to=20lectures.=20=
=20While=20
the=20National=20Science=20Foundation=20went=20on=20to=20finance=20pilot=20=
courses=20
that=20employed=20interactive=20projects,=20when=20the=20money=20dried=20up=
,=20so=20
did=20most=20of=20the=20courses.=20=20Lecture=20classes=20are=20far=20cheap=
er=20to=20
produce,=20and=20top=20professors=20are=20focused=20on=20bringing=20in=20re=
search=20
grants,=20not=20teaching=20undergraduates.

In=202005,=20the=20National=20Academy=20of=20Engineering=20concluded=20that=
=20
=93scattered=20interventions=94=20had=20not=20resulted=20in=20widespread=20=
change.=20=20
=93Treating=20the=20freshman=20year=20as=20a=20=91sink=20or=20swim=92=20exp=
erience=20and=20
accepting=20attrition=20as=20inevitable,=94=20it=20said,=20=93is=20both=20u=
nfair=20to=20
students=20and=20wasteful=20of=20resources=20and=20faculty=20time.=94

Since=20becoming=20Notre=20Dame=92s=20dean=20in=202008,=20Dr.=20=20Kilpatri=
ck=20has=20
revamped=20and=20expanded=20a=20freshman=20design=20course=20that=20had=20g=
otten=20=93a=20
little=20bit=20stale.=94=20The=20students=20now=20do=20four=20projects.=20=
=20They=20build=20
Lego=20robots=20and=20design=20bridges=20capable=20of=20carrying=20heavy=20=
loads=20at=20
minimal=20cost.=20=20They=20also=20create=20electronic=20circuit=20boards=20=
and=20
dream=20up=20a=20project=20of=20their=20own.

=93They=20learn=20how=20to=20work=20with=20their=20hands,=20how=20to=20prog=
ram=20the=20
robot=20and=20how=20to=20work=20with=20design=20constraints,=94=20he=20says=
.=20=20But=20he=20
also=20says=20it=92s=20inevitable=20that=20students=20will=20be=20lost.=20=
=20Some=20new=20
students=20do=20not=20have=20a=20good=20feel=20for=20how=20deeply=20technic=
al=20
engineering=20is.=20=20Other=20bright=20students=20may=20have=20breezed=20t=
hrough=20
high=20school=20without=20developing=20disciplined=20habits.=20=20By=20cont=
rast,=20
students=20in=20China=20and=20India=20focus=20relentlessly=20on=20math=20an=
d=20
science=20from=20an=20early=20age.

=93We=92re=20in=20a=20worldwide=20competition,=20and=20we=92ve=20got=20to=20=
retain=20as=20
many=20of=20our=20students=20as=20we=20can,=94=20Dean=20Kirkpatrick=20says.=
=20=20=93But=20
we=92re=20not=20doing=20kids=20a=20favor=20if=20we=92re=20not=20teaching=20=
them=20good=20life=20
and=20study=20skills.=94

WORCESTER=20POLYTECHNIC=20INSTITUTE,=20in=20Massachusetts,=20one=20of=20the=
=20
nation=92s=20oldest=20technological=20schools,=20has=20taken=20the=20idea=20=
of=20
projects=20to=20heart.=20=20While=20it=20still=20expects=20students=20to=20=
push=20their=20
way=20through=20standard=20engineering=20and=20science=20classes,=20it=20ri=
pped=20
up=20its=20traditional=20curriculum=20in=20the=201970s=20to=20make=20room=20=
for=20
extensive=20research,=20design=20and=20social-service=20projects=20by=20jun=
iors=20
and=20seniors,=20including=20many=20conducted=20on=20trips=20with=20profess=
ors=20
overseas.=20=20In=202007,=20it=20added=20optional=20first-year=20projects=20=
=97=20which=20
a=20quarter=20of=20its=20freshmen=20do=20=97=20focused=20on=20world=20probl=
ems=20like=20
hunger=20or=20disease.

=93That=20kind=20of=20early=20engagement,=20and=20letting=20them=20see=20th=
ey=20can=20
work=20on=20something=20that=20is=20interesting=20and=20important,=20is=20a=
=20big=20
deal,=94=20says=20Arthur=20C.=20=20Heinricher,=20the=20dean=20of=20undergra=
duate=20
studies.=20=20=93That=20hooks=20students.=94

And=20so=20late=20this=20past=20summer,=20about=2090=20freshmen=20received=
=20e-mails=20
asking=20if=20they=20typically=20received=20flu=20vaccines.=20=20The=20e-ma=
ils=20were=20
not=20from=20the=20health=20services=20office,=20but=20from=20students=20me=
asuring=20
how=20widely=20flu=20spreads=20at=20different=20rates=20of=20vaccination.=20=
=20Two=20of=20
the=20students=20had=20spent=20part=20of=20their=20freshmen=20year=20resear=
ching=20
diseases=20and=20devising=20a=20survey.=20=20Now,=20as=20juniors,=20they=20=
were=20
recruiting=20the=20newcomers=20to=20take=20part=20in=20simulations,=20using=
=20neon=20
wristbands=20and=20stickers,=20to=20track=20how=20many=20of=20them=20became=
=20
=93infected=94=20as=20they=20mingled=20during=20orientation.

Brenna=20Pugliese,=20one=20of=20the=20juniors=20and=20a=20biology=20major,=
=20says=20the=20
two-day=20exercise=20raised=20awareness=20on=20campus=20of=20the=20need=20f=
or=20more=20
students=20to=20get=20the=20vaccine.=20=20=93I=20can=20honestly=20say=20tha=
t=20I=20learned=20
more=20about=20various=20biology=20topics=20than=20I=20ever=20learned=20in=
=20any=20
other=20class,=94=20she=20says.

Teachers=20say=20they=20have=20been=20surprised=20by=20the=20sophistication=
=20of=20
some=20of=20the=20freshmen=20projects,=20like=20a=20device=20to=20harvest=20=
kinetic=20
energy=20that=20is=20now=20being=20patented.=20=20But=20the=20main=20goals=
=20are=20to=20
enable=20students=20to=20work=20closely=20with=20faculty=20members,=20build=
=20
confidence=20and=20promote=20teamwork.=20=20Studies=20have=20shown=20that=20=
women,=20
in=20particular,=20want=20to=20see=20their=20schoolwork=20is=20connected=20=
to=20
helping=20people,=20and=20the=20projects=20help=20them=20feel=20more=20comf=
ortable=20
in=20STEM=20fields,=20where=20men=20far=20outnumber=20women=20everywhere=20=
except=20
in=20biology.

Seventy-four=20percent=20of=20W.P.I.=20=20undergraduates=20earn=20bachelor=
=92s=20
degrees=20within=20four=20years=20and=2080=20percent=20by=20six=20years.

Most=20of=20the=20top=20state=20research=20universities=20have=20added=20at=
=20least=20a=20
splash=20of=20design=20work=20in=20the=20freshman=20year.=20=20The=20Univer=
sity=20of=20
Illinois=20began=20this=20fall=20to=20require=20freshmen=20engineering=20st=
udents=20
to=20take=20a=20course=20on=20aspirations=20for=20the=20profession=20and=20=
encourages=20
them=20to=20do=20a=20design=20project=20or=20take=20a=20leadership=20semina=
r.=20=20Most=20
technical=20schools=20push=20students=20to=20seek=20summer=20internships=20=
and=20
take=20semesters=20off=20to=20gain=20practical=20work=20experiences.=20=20T=
he=20hope=20
is=20that=20the=20lure=20of=20high-paying=20jobs=20during=20an=20economic=20=
downturn=20
will=20convince=20more=20students=20to=20stick=20with=20it.

Some=20private=20schools=20have=20also=20adjusted=20their=20grading=20polic=
ies=20to=20
ease=20some=20of=20the=20pressure=20on=20STEM=20students.=20=20The=20Massac=
husetts=20
Institute=20of=20Technology=20has=20long=20given=20freshmen=20only=20=93pas=
s=94=20or=20
=93no=20record=94=20grades=20in=20the=20first=20half=20of=20the=20year=20wh=
ile=20they=20get=20
used=20to=20the=20workload.=20=20W.P.I.=20=20lets=20undergraduates=20take=20=
up=20to=20
three=20classes=20for=20which=20no=20grade=20is=20recorded=20if=20they=20wo=
uld=20have=20
received=20less=20than=20a=20C.=20=20Any=20required=20courses=20would=20hav=
e=20to=20be=20
repeated.

Ilea=20Graedel,=20a=2020-year-old=20junior=20in=20aerospace=20engineering,=
=20says=20
that=20policy=20provides=20=93a=20nice=20buffer=20if=20you=20want=20to=20tr=
y=20something=20
new,=20like=20a=20class=20outside=20your=20comfort=20zone.=94

But=20what=20really=20helps=20Ms.=20=20Graedel=20get=20through=20the=20rigo=
rs=20of=20
STEM,=20she=20says,=20is=20hanging=20onto=20her=20aspirations.=20=20She=20g=
rew=20up=20in=20
a=20farming=20area=20in=20Washington=20State,=20the=20only=20student=20from=
=20her=20
high=20school=20class=20of=2026=20pursuing=20a=20technology=20degree.=20=20=
She=20has=20
wanted=20to=20be=20an=20astronaut=20since=20she=20was=203,=20when=20her=20m=
other=20took=20
her=20to=20Boeing=92s=20Museum=20of=20Flight=20in=20Seattle=20and=20bought=
=20her=20a=20book=20
called=20=93I=20Want=20to=20Be=20an=20Astronaut.=94

The=20space=20program=20has=20been=20sharply=20cut=20back.=20=20Still,=20sh=
e=20says,=20
=93I=92m=20going=20to=20hold=20onto=20that=20dream=20very=20dearly.=94


Christopher=20Drew=20covers=20military=20technology=20for=20The=20Times.





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