[nabs-l] Fw: Touchscreen Braille Writer

[Brandon Keith Biggs]

Hello,
Below is an article I was sent about a new app. I am not a fan of the way 
the creator views blind people, but I do think having a Braille Writer on 
the tablet would be very nice. It is so much faster to type texts in Braille 
than in print LOL...
Thanks,

Brandon Keith Biggs


STANFORD SUMMER COURSE YIELDS TOUCHSCREEN BRAILLE WRITER
Home<http://engineering.stanford.edu/> » 
About<http://engineering.stanford.edu/about> » News & 
Updates<http://engineering.stanford.edu/about/news> » Stanford summer course 
yields touchscreen Braille writer
<http://engineering.stanford.edu/print/node/148>
In a two-month summer course on high-performance computing, promising 
undergrads compete to create innovative applications. This summer's winner 
developed a touchscreen Braille writer that stands to revolutionize how the 
blind negotiate an unseen world by replacing devices costing up to 10 times 
more.
Andrew Myers

Each summer, under the red-tiled roofs and sandstone of Stanford, the Army 
High-Performance Computing Research Center (AHPCRC) invites a select group 
of undergraduates from across the country gather for a two-month immersion 
into the wonders of advanced computing.

Some of the undergraduates are gathered into teams. Some work alone. All are 
assigned mentors and tasked with a challenge. They compete, American 
Idol-style, for top honors at the end of the summer.

The competition is made possible in part by a collaboration between the U.S. 
Army and several university and industry partners that makes up the AHPCRC.

Adam Duran is one such undergraduate, a student both lucky and good. He is 
now in his senior year at New Mexico State University. Last June, he came to 
Stanford at the suggestion of one of his professors. His mentors were Adrian 
Lew, an assistant professor of mechanical engineering, and Sohan Dharmaraja, 
a doctoral candidate at Stanford studying computational mathematics.

"Originally, our assignment was to create a character-recognition 
application that would use the camera on a mobile device — a phone or 
tablet — to transform pages of Braille into readable text," said Duran. "It 
was a cool challenge, but not exactly where we ended up."

BIGGER FISH

Even before Duran arrived for the summer, Lew and Dharmaraja began to talk 
to the Stanford Office of Accessible 
Education<http://studentaffairs.stanford.edu/oae>, people whose profession 
is helping blind and visually impaired students negotiate the world of 
higher learning. It became clear that there were bigger fish to fry.

While a Braille character reader would be helpful to the blind, Lew and 
Dharmaraja learned, there were logistics that were hard to get around.

"How does a blind person orient a printed page so that the computer knows 
which side is up? How does a blind person ensure proper lighting of the 
paper?" said Duran. "Plus, the technology, while definitely helpful, would 
be limited in day-to-day application."

"It was a nice-to-have, not a must-have," said Dharmaraja.

So, the three began to ask questions. That is when they stumbled upon a 
sweet spot.

"The killer app was not a reader, but a writer," said Dharmaraja.

"Imagine being blind in a classroom, how would you take notes?" said Lew. 
"What if you were on the street and needed to copy down a phone number? 
These are real challenges the blind grapple with every day."

There are devices that help the blind write Braille, to send email and so 
forth, but they are essentially specialized laptops that cost, in some 
cases, $6,000 or more. All for a device of limited functionality, beyond 
typing Braille, of course.

"Your standard tablet has more capability at a tenth the price," said Duran.

"So, we put two and two together. We developed a tablet Braille writer," 
said Dharmaraja, "A touchscreen for people who can't see."

[http://engineering.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/imagecache/700wide/news%20-%202012%200505%20-%20touchscreen%20braile%20writer.jpeg]Sohan 
Dharmaraja, a doctoral candidate at Stanford, demonstrates how the software 
works.

First, however, the student-mentor team had to learn Braille. Originally 
developed for the French military, Braille is a relatively simple code with 
each character made up of variations of six dots - or bumps, really - 
arranged in a 2-by-3 matrix. The blind read by feeling the bumps with their 
fingertips.

As any computational mathematician will tell you, such a matrix yields 
two-to-the-sixth minus one variations, or 63 possible characters. These 63 
characters are enough for a Western alphabet plus 10 numerical digits, with 
several left over for punctuation and some special characters.

Over the years, however, those 63 characters got quickly gobbled up - 
through the addition of character-modification keystrokes, the total grew 
and now includes chemical, mathematical and other symbols.

CHALLENGE

A modern Braille writer looks like a laptop with no monitor and an eight-key 
keyboard - six to create the character, plus a carriage return and a delete 
key.

Duplicating the Braille keypad on a touch-based tablet seemed simple enough, 
but there was at least one significant challenge: How does a blind person 
find the keys on a flat, uniformly smooth glass panel?

Dharmaraja and Duran mulled their options before arriving at a clever and 
simple solution. They did not create virtual keys that the fingertips must 
find; they made keys that find the fingertips. The user simply touches eight 
fingertips to the glass, and the keys orient themselves to the fingers. If 
the user becomes disoriented, a reset is as easy as lifting all eight 
fingers off the glass and putting them down again.

"Elegant, no?" said Lew. "The solution is so simple, so beautiful. It was 
fun to see."

Beyond the price difference, touchscreens offer at least one other 
significant advantage over standard Braille writers: "They're customizable," 
Dharmaraja noted. "They can accommodate users whose fingers are small or 
large, those who type with fingers close together or far apart, even to 
allow a user to type on a tablet hanging around the neck with hands opposed 
as if playing a clarinet."

"No standard Braille writer can do this," said Professor Charbel Farhat, the 
chair of the Aeronautics and Astronautics Department and executive director 
of the summer program. "This is a real step forward for the blind."

SHOWING OFF

In a demo, Duran donned a blindfold and readied himself before the 
touchscreen. He typed out an email address and a simple subject line. Then 
he typed one of the best-known mathematical formulas in the world, the 
Burgers Equation<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgers%27_equation>, and 
followed with the chemical equation for 
photosynthesis<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis> - complex 
stuff - all as if writing a note to his mother.

For Duran, who has an uncle who is blind, the greatest joy was in seeing a 
blind person using his creation for the first time. "That was so awesome," 
he said. "I can't describe the feeling. It was the best."

In the immediate future, there are technical and legal hurdles to address, 
but someday, perhaps soon, the blind and visually impaired may find 
themselves with a more cost-effective Braille writer that is both portable 
and blessed with greater functionality than any device that went before.

"AHPCRC is an excellent model for outreach, which not only trains 
undergraduate students in computational sciences but also exposes students 
to real-world research applications," said Raju Namburu, the cooperative 
agreement manager for AHPCRC.

The center addresses the Army's most difficult scientific and engineering 
challenges using high-performance computing. Stanford University is the 
AHPCRC lead organization with oversight from the Army Research Laboratory.

As for his summer courses, Farhat is optimistic. "Let's remember," he points 
out, "This was a two-month summer project that evolved because a few smart 
people asked some good questions. I'm always amazed by what the students 
accomplish in these courses, but this was something special. Each year it 
seems to get better and more impressive."

Andrew Myers is associate director of communications for the Stanford School 
of Engineering.

Video

Watch: Stanford Course Yields Touchscreen Braille 
Writer<https://www.facebook.com/video/video.php?v=10100361023253469>

Thursday, October 6, 2011

Sent from my iPad