<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><head><meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)"><!--[if !mso]><style>v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style><![endif]--><style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Verdana;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
p
{mso-style-priority:99;
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;}
p.msonormal0, li.msonormal0, div.msonormal0
{mso-style-name:msonormal;
mso-style-priority:99;
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;}
p.preheader-container, li.preheader-container, div.preheader-container
{mso-style-name:preheader-container;
mso-style-priority:99;
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-line-height-alt:.75pt;
font-size:1.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
display:none;}
span.footer-column
{mso-style-name:footer-column;}
span.footer-mobile-hidden
{mso-style-name:footer-mobile-hidden;}
span.EmailStyle22
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle23
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
color:windowtext;
font-weight:normal;
font-style:normal;
text-decoration:none none;}
span.EmailStyle24
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor=whitesmoke lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Hi You All<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>A tech specialist from the Nebraska Commission for the blind has found a video on YouTube for the </span><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>optophone. Check it OUT!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> Brandt, Jan [mailto:jan.brandt@nebraska.gov] <br><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, January 7, 2020 10:45 AM<br><b>To:</b> Robert Newman <robertleslienewman@gmail.com><br><b>Subject:</b> RE: Interesting history - FW: the Optophone<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Robert,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>It’s always interesting to know the history of the evolutions of things… how interesting! I found a short YouTube video that gives an example of the optophone reading the sentence “Joe took father’s shoe bench out.” I can’t imagine trying to read that way, holy cow! <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H41Y_VcgDCo">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H41Y_VcgDCo</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Thanks for sending along the article. Happy New Year!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Jan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> Robert Leslie Newman <robertleslienewman@gmail.com> <br><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, January 7, 2020 9:14 AM<br><b>To:</b> Brandt, Jan <jan.brandt@nebraska.gov><br><b>Subject:</b> Interesting history - FW: the Optophone<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> The Blind History Lady [<a href="mailto:theblindhistorylady@gmail.com">mailto:theblindhistorylady@gmail.com</a>] <br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, December 2, 2019 7:45 AM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:robertleslienewman@gmail.com">robertleslienewman@gmail.com</a><br><b>Subject:</b> the Optophone<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><div><div id=preheader><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt:.75pt'><span style='font-size:1.0pt'>The Optophone <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt:.75pt'><span style='font-size:1.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'><img border=0 width=100 height=100 id="_x0000_i1025" src="cid:image004.jpg@01D5C547.8842D990" alt="Image removed by sender."></span><span style='font-size:1.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></td></tr><tr><td style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;background:whitesmoke;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=0 style='width:459.0pt;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:11.25pt 3.75pt 11.25pt 3.75pt'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td valign=top style='background:black;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;background:black;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td valign=top style='background:white;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:7.5pt 0in 7.5pt 0in'><div><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'><img border=0 width=127 height=127 id="_x0000_i1026" src="cid:image005.jpg@01D5C547.8842D990" alt="Image removed by sender."></span><o:p></o:p></p></div></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></div><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><o:p> </o:p></p><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;word-wrap: break-word'><div><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;word-wrap: break-word'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:7.5pt 15.0pt 7.5pt 15.0pt;word-wrap: break-word'><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'>. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'>Hello Blind History Lady Fans;<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'>The holidays are here. This is my favorite time of the year. Someone just told me this is the busiest time of the year, but I can tell you that the past several months have been extremely busy for The Blind History Lady! Since September, I have had the pleasure of addressing groups in Montana, New Jersey, Nebraska, Kansas and several groups in my home state of Colorado. Thank all of you for your interest and support during this past year.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'>Here is my December offering. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'>I often wonder who thought of the idea or where did the idea come from for devices for the blind such as the Optacon that first made its appearance in the 1970’s. The Optacon for those born too late, was a device that consisted of a small, hand-held camera, when run across print documents, converted what it scanned to an electronic display connected to the camera that consisted of several rows of vibrating pins. The reader read the actual print and could identify charts, tables, layout, even reading their phone bills. The user placed their hand inside the device about the size of a digital talking book player of today. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'>I dug around a bit and found an interesting story that pre-dates the Optacon. The first “scanner” for the blind was invented about 1912 in Brittan. The device was called the Optophone, Articles began appearing in American newspapers in the summer of 1912, offering the machine as a way for the blind to distinguish between light and dark; opened doors, different clothing and much more. It was later manufactured by Barr and Stroud as a reading machine beginning in 1918. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'>The online dictionary defines an Optophone thus; “a device combining a selenium cell and telephone apparatus that converts light energy into sound energy, used to enable blind people to sense light through the hearing and thus read printed matter.”<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'>Eager blind men and women in Brittan worked countless hours with Barr and Stroud, becoming “proficient” readers to improve the device, many without compensation. Again without compensation these same blind people traveled far and wide to demonstrate the device for Barr and Stroud. Most only achieved a reading speed between 25 to 40 words a minute although a couple individuals did test at more than 60 words per minute. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'>In 1922 the Optophone was brought to the U. S. It was demonstrated to many groups, schools for the Blind, government leaders and agencies for the blind. Only two schools purchased the Optophone. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'>In 1922 Miss Margaret Hogan, a blind instructor at the New Jersey Commission for the Blind, read the New York Times to an audience with her Optophone. She was also employed by the makers of the Optophone to become proficient with the device and teach others in the United States. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'>The cost of an Optophone was 35 pounds in England, about 1,600 pounds today, or about $2,029.00 today. For most schools for the blind and most blind individuals themselves, they could not afford the new reading technology, nor the extensive training that was needed to learn the different tones for each capitol letter, lower case letter and punctuation. In the Editor and Publisher for March 18, 1922, the cost was listed at $600.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'>But the biggest obstacle for most individuals wanting to learn how to use the device was the ability to distinguish between the tones. Letters and punctuation could be made of more than one tone. Those with not a good ear for recognizing the differences could not learn to read with the device. Many blind individuals were given an opportunity to work with the Optophone, yet after a few days, it was clear to the instructors that the individual just could not pick up on the differences. Students used headphones with the device to enhance the sounds and block out unwanted noise. Yet, headphones did not make any difference for the majority who tried the new reading device.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'>Mary Jameson, the most well-known user of the Optophone who lived in England could read about 40 words a minute and reached a recorded speed of 60 words per minute. She used the Optophone until her death in 1980. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'>Ms Hogan was one of very few people in the United States who had access to and became somewhat proficient on the device. Although it was advertised widely for a few years, it never found financial backers in the U. S. The Optophone made it in the 1922 Encyclopedia Britanica, such were its hopes for making the printed world open to the blind. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'>Vladimir Zworykin, a Russian-American inventor examined first-hand the pilot optophones of E.E. Fournier d’Albe in London. He was encouraged by the device. He began to experiment himself decades later at the Radio Corporation of America (RCA). After building a new version of the Optophone, Zworykin and others at RCA built a reading machine (1946-47) capable of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) – the first of its kind.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'>Others in the U. S. picked up on the idea and tried to manufacture a similar machine. In 1971 in Houston Texas at the National Federation of the Blind convention, Harvey Lauer demonstrated a similar device in the general session that read the printed word with tones. Harvey worked for the Vets administration at Hines Hospital in Chicago. He had mastered the techniques of listening to the tones and was able to read well enough to identify printed information. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'>At the same convention, Tim Cranmer, blind inventor from Louisville Kentucky, demonstrated a calculator using tones to identify the numbers and functions. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'>When the Optacon came on the market, it utilized the same principles, but converted the impulses into a tactile format. Feeling the pins meant that more individuals were able to learn effectively the new reading device. Users also had to learn to read print. Learning print took up the bulk of the teaching time. Reading by touch seemed far easier than to read via ear with “musical” tones.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'>Some reported Optacon readers reaching a speed of more than 100 words. Although the Optacon has not been manufactured for more than 23 years, there are still blind individuals using the optacon in their jobs and daily lives today. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'> If you would like to schedule a presentation contact me at <a href="mailto:theblindhistorylady@gmail.com">theblindhistorylady@gmail.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'>You can read more of my Books at <a href="https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fr20.rs6.net%2Ftn.jsp%3Ff%3D001J6Q7LfS8nwI-ijW9ggF81f21lkpiGHpnvqYoweS8TzpILATx3G0rH91cUJ_SK6VNp2mOGcURlk-2fIQ8CR3EL_Hapa-x4wUM60gvJbDjbXjdnVU9sdab_fMVN3wwh-5Uf8XXhxenXFXdYBPrO9JVzuQgGIeqN8kApmD0RU5N3bED8e0DsLu3WQ%3D%3D%26c%3Dv7M5RkhDigcr2OHwcIIb90Nuu1EM55GVnX0-lUHnf1aRTot0E2-A_A%3D%3D%26ch%3DX_Z3Xfg97AYozET5TFqBkJhpj4CDPOA1Yppu2k9aazPLOAEXA53g5Q%3D%3D&data=02%7C01%7Cjan.brandt%40nebraska.gov%7Cdcc80cb277b646639fea08d7938448ed%7C043207dfe6894bf6902001038f11f0b1%7C0%7C0%7C637140068677331894&sdata=9x2Xa7vB7pQGU%2FSmJI9%2B2iCaRD1HCpLKeXUc%2Faq9HeE%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank"><span style='color:#0078C1'>https://www.smashwords.com</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><o:p> </o:p></p><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><div><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%;cursor:default'><tr><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:6.75pt 0in 6.75pt 0in'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="93%" style='width:93.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 93%'><tr style='height:.75pt'><td style='background:black;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;height:.75pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt:.75pt'><span style='border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'><img border=0 width=5 height=1 id="_x0000_i1027" src="cid:image006.jpg@01D5C547.8842D990" alt="Image removed by sender."></span><o:p></o:p></p></div></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><o:p> </o:p></p><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;word-wrap: break-word'><div><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;word-wrap: break-word'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:7.5pt 15.0pt 7.5pt 15.0pt;word-wrap: break-word'><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='color:#333333'><a href="http://www.theblindhistorylady.com">www.theblindhistorylady.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='color:#333333'>.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><o:p> </o:p></p><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;background:white;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;word-wrap: break-word'><div><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;word-wrap: break-word'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:7.5pt 15.0pt 7.5pt 15.0pt;word-wrap: break-word'><div><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='color:#333333'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div></td></tr><tr><td style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;background:white;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=0 style='width:435.0pt;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:3.0pt 0in 3.0pt 0in'><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span class=footer-column><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#5D5D5D'>The Blind History Lady</span></span><span class=footer-mobile-hidden><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#5D5D5D'> | </span></span><span class=footer-column><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#5D5D5D'>14152 E Linvale Pl</span></span><span class=footer-mobile-hidden><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#5D5D5D'>, </span></span><span class=footer-column><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#5D5D5D'>201</span></span><span class=footer-mobile-hidden><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#5D5D5D'>, </span></span><span class=footer-column><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#5D5D5D'>Aurora, CO 80014</span></span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#5D5D5D'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign=top style='padding:7.5pt 0in 7.5pt 0in'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style='border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:3.0pt 0in 3.0pt 0in'><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#5D5D5D'><a href="https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fvisitor.constantcontact.com%2Fdo%3Fp%3Dun%26m%3D001Cab_UttHGCg-764tpYXcSQ%253D%26ch%3D795d2710-68fe-11e8-9c49-d4ae527548e1%26ca%3D8e0d9663-7393-4b74-9791-bd915254acd7&data=02%7C01%7Cjan.brandt%40nebraska.gov%7Cdcc80cb277b646639fea08d7938448ed%7C043207dfe6894bf6902001038f11f0b1%7C0%7C0%7C637140068677331894&sdata=CrTb190Lq3nd1hv61gdK0VKy%2FCINN%2BluC6SZhlDy%2BVk%3D&reserved=0"><span style='color:#5D5D5D'>Unsubscribe robertleslienewman@gmail.com</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign=top style='padding:3.0pt 0in 3.0pt 0in'><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#5D5D5D'><a href="https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fvisitor.constantcontact.com%2Fdo%3Fp%3Doo%26m%3D001Cab_UttHGCg-764tpYXcSQ%253D%26ch%3D795d2710-68fe-11e8-9c49-d4ae527548e1%26ca%3D8e0d9663-7393-4b74-9791-bd915254acd7&data=02%7C01%7Cjan.brandt%40nebraska.gov%7Cdcc80cb277b646639fea08d7938448ed%7C043207dfe6894bf6902001038f11f0b1%7C0%7C0%7C637140068677341851&sdata=hQetGKqDINdcTS54maUyMB%2FnNMlhwKd1%2B2LRZiG%2Bpig%3D&reserved=0"><span style='color:#5D5D5D'>Update Profile</span></a> | <a href="https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constantcontact.com%2Flegal%2Fabout-constant-contact&data=02%7C01%7Cjan.brandt%40nebraska.gov%7Cdcc80cb277b646639fea08d7938448ed%7C043207dfe6894bf6902001038f11f0b1%7C0%7C0%7C637140068677341851&sdata=qchD5H6MH1U4LqFIOC%2BgnnljzEYRZoMnzANk3dp3puM%3D&reserved=0"><span style='color:#5D5D5D'>About Constant Contact</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign=top style='padding:3.0pt 0in 3.0pt 0in'><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#5D5D5D'>Sent by <a href="mailto:theblindhistorylady@gmail.com"><span style='color:#5D5D5D;text-decoration:none'>theblindhistorylady@gmail.com</span></a> <span class=footer-column>in collaboration with</span> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table></div></td></tr><tr><td valign=top style='padding:3.0pt 0in 3.0pt 0in'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=0 style='width:2.5in;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 2.25pt 7.5pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><a href="https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constantcontact.com%2Findex.jsp%3Fcc%3Dnge%26rmc%3DVF19_3GE&data=02%7C01%7Cjan.brandt%40nebraska.gov%7Cdcc80cb277b646639fea08d7938448ed%7C043207dfe6894bf6902001038f11f0b1%7C0%7C0%7C637140068677351808&sdata=8d1poLvXJvIpMPB7m0jxRNUCu2%2FeamjVZvdg3NTdgYo%3D&reserved=0"><span style='color:#5D5D5D;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=211 height=211 id="_x0000_i1028" src="cid:image007.jpg@01D5C547.8842D990" alt="Image removed by sender. Trusted Email from Constant Contact - Try it FREE today."></span></a><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#5D5D5D'><a href="https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constantcontact.com%2Findex.jsp%3Fcc%3Dnge%26rmc%3DVF19_3GE&data=02%7C01%7Cjan.brandt%40nebraska.gov%7Cdcc80cb277b646639fea08d7938448ed%7C043207dfe6894bf6902001038f11f0b1%7C0%7C0%7C637140068677351808&sdata=8d1poLvXJvIpMPB7m0jxRNUCu2%2FeamjVZvdg3NTdgYo%3D&reserved=0"><span style='color:#5D5D5D;text-decoration:none'>Try email marketing for free today!</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></body></html>