[Nebraska-students] AP Article

[Karen Anderson]

Fewer Than 10 Pct. Of Blind Americans Read Braille

 

By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS

Published: March 26, 2009

 

*Filed at 5:56 a.m. ET

*

BALTIMORE (AP) -- Jordan Gilmer has a degenerative condition that eventually
will leave him completely blind. But as a child, his teachers did not
emphasize Braille, the system of reading in which a series of raised dots
signify letters of the alphabet.

 

Instead, they insisted he use what little vision he had to read print. By
the third grade, he was falling behind in his schoolwork.

 

''They gave him Braille instruction, but they didn't tell us how to get
Braille books, and they didn't want him using it during the day,'' said
Jordan's mother, Carrie Gilmer of Minneapolis. Teachers said Braille would
be ''a thing he uses way off in the far distant future, and don't worry
about it.''

 

That experience is common: Fewer than 10 percent of the 1.3 million legally
blind people in the United States read Braille, and just 10 percent of blind
children are learning it, according to a report to be released Thursday by
the National Federation of the Blind.

 

By comparison, at the height of its use in the 1950s, more than half the
nation's blind children were learning Braille. Today Braille is considered
by many to be too difficult, too outdated, a last resort.

 

Instead, teachers ask students to rely on audio texts, voice-recognition
software or other technology. And teachers who know Braille often must
shuttle between schools, resulting in haphazard instruction, the report
says.

 

''You can find good teachers of the blind in America, but you can't find
good programs,'' said Marc Maurer, the group's president. ''There is not a
commitment to this population that is at all significant almost anywhere.''

 

Using technology as a substitute for Braille leaves blind people illiterate,
the federation said, citing studies that show blind people who know Braille
are more likely to earn advanced degrees, find good jobs and live
independently.

 

''It's really sad that so many kids are being shortchanged,'' said Debby
Brackett of Stuart, Fla., who pressured schools to provide capable Braille
teachers for her 12-year-old daughter, Winona.

 

One study found that 44 percent of participants who grew up reading Braille
were unemployed, compared with 77 percent for those who relied on print.

Overall, blind adults face 70 percent unemployment.

 

The federation's report pulled together existing research on Braille
literacy, and its authors acknowledge that not enough research has been
done. The 10 percent figure comes from federal statistics gathered by the
American Printing House for the Blind, a company that develops products for
the visually impaired.

 

The federation also did some original research, including a survey of 500
people that found the ability to read Braille correlated with higher levels
of education, a higher likelihood of employment and higher income.

 

The report coincides with the 200th birthday of Louis Braille, the Frenchman
who invented the Braille code as a teenager. Resistance to his system was
immediate; at one point, the director of Braille's school burned the books
he and his classmates had transcribed. The school did not want its blind
students becoming too independent; it made money by selling crafts they
produced.

 

The system caught on, but began declining in the 1960s along with the
widespread integration of blind children into public schools. It has
continued with the advent of technology that some believe makes Braille
obsolete.

 

''Back in about 1970 or so, I was heading to college, and somebody said to
me, 'Now that you've got the tape recorder, everything will be all right. In
the early 1980s, somebody else said, 'Now that you've got a talking
computer, everything will be all right,''' said Marc Maurer, president of
the federation.

 

''They were both wrong. And the current technology isn't going to make
everything all right unless I know how to put my hands on a page that has
words on it and read them.''

 

Audio books are no substitute, said Carlton Walker, an attorney and the
mother of a legally blind girl from McConnellsburg, Pa. Walker once met a
blind teenager who had only listened to audio books; the teen was shocked to
discover that ''Once upon a time'' was four separate words.

 

Walker also had to lobby teachers to provide Braille for her 8-year-old
daughter, Anna, instead of just large-print books.

 

''At 3 years old, Anna could compete with very large letters. When you get
older, you can't compete,'' Walker said. She once asked a teacher, '''What
are you going to do when she's reading Dickens?' She said, 'Well, we'll just
go to audio then.'

 

''If that were good enough for everybody, why do we spend millions of
dollars teaching people to read?''

 

Gilmer, now an 18-year-old aspiring lawyer, worked on his Braille in a
summer program when he was in middle school and can now read 125 words a
minute, up from his previously rate, an excruciatingly slow 20 words a
minute.

 

''Just try it,'' Carrie Gilmer said. ''Go get a paragraph, get a stopwatch
and try to read 20 words a minute. Try and read that slow and see how
frustrating it is.''

 

Fluent Braille readers can read 200 words a minute or more, the federation
says.

 

Carrie Gilmer is president of a parents' group within the federation for the
blind. She believes poor or haphazard instruction is largely responsible for
the decline in Braille literacy, but she says sometimes teachers push
Braille only to meet resistance from parents.

 

''They're afraid of their child looking blind, not fitting in,'' Gilmer
said.

 

The report outlines ambitious goals for reversing the trend, including
lobbying all 50 states to require teachers of blind children to be certified
in Braille instruction by 2015. But its immediate goal is to simply make
people aware that there's no substitute for Braille. It's not just a tool to
help people function -- it can bring joy, Maurer said.

 

''The concept of reading Braille for fun is a thing that lots of people
don't know,'' Maurer said. ''And yet I do this every day. I love the
beautiful, orderly lines of words that convey a different idea that can
stimulate me or make me excited or sad. ... This is what we're trying to
convey.''

 

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On the Net:

 

National Federation of the Blind: http://www.nfb.org <http://www.nfb.org/>