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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor="#F2F2F2" lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Hello:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> I thought this would be of interest.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Robert<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Fred's Head from APH [mailto:fredshead=aph.org@mail221.atl101.mcdlv.net] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Fred's Head from APH<br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, July 07, 2017 7:02 AM<br><b>To:</b> =?utf-8?Q??=<br><b>Subject:</b> Posts from Fred's Head from APH for 07/06/2017<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;background:#F2F2F2;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:15.0pt 15.0pt 15.0pt 15.0pt'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=600 style='width:6.25in;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=600 style='width:6.25in;background:white;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 0in 0in 0in'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 align=left width=366 style='width:274.5pt;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 0in 6.75pt 13.5pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:125%'><span style='font-size:8.5pt;line-height:125%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'>The latest blog posts from Fred's Head from APH, a Blindness Blog. <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 align=right width=197 style='width:147.75pt;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 13.5pt 6.75pt 0in'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:125%'><span style='font-size:8.5pt;line-height:125%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'><a href="http://us8.campaign-archive2.com/?e=60d5a56a21&u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=15c1d5531c" target="_blank"><span style='color:#606060'>View this email in your browser</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></div></td></tr><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=600 style='width:6.25in;background:white;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;min-width: 100%' id=templateHeader><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 6.75pt 6.75pt 6.75pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 align=left width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 6.75pt 0in 6.75pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><p class=MsoNormal><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
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</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=144 src="https://gallery.mailchimp.com/0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765/images/9c5bcc9c-b7ea-4148-b696-9bcd691a2dd7.jpg" align=left alt="Fred's Head logo" v:shapes="_x0000_s1026"><![endif]><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></div></td></tr><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=600 style='width:6.25in;background:white;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;min-width: 100%' id=templateBody><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 align=left style='border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 13.5pt 6.75pt 13.5pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'>Updates from <a href="http://www.fredshead.info/">http://www.fredshead.info/</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p><h1>Fred’s Head from APH, a Blindness Blog<o:p></o:p></h1><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'><br><br><strong><span style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>In the 07/06/2017 edition:</span></strong><br><br><o:p></o:p></span></p><ul type=disc><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#606060;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'><a href="#mctoc1"><span style='color:#6DC6DD'>Throwback Thursday Object: An Arithmetic Slate</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li></ul></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 align=left style='border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 13.5pt 6.75pt 13.5pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><h2><a name=mctoc1></a><a href="http://aph.us8.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=23293e81f1&e=60d5a56a21" target="_blank"><span style='color:#6DC6DD;font-weight:normal'>Throwback Thursday Object: An Arithmetic Slate</span></a><o:p></o:p></h2><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><em><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'>By Paul Ferrara on Jul 06, 2017 12:46 pm</span></em><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'><a href="http://aph.us8.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=939bf7ea9c&e=60d5a56a21"><span style='color:#6DC6DD;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=320 height=282 id="_x0000_i1025" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8HWdOAKoa18/WV5pKsq_IiI/AAAAAAAAAX4/nXxrSK33R1Y71qW0x72byBQIkQcMtaAqgCLcBGAs/s320/Wooden%2Bprototype.jpg"></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'><br><br><br><br></span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#606060'>Our object this week is an arithmetic slate from the 1930s. This is a prototype, the final version was cast in aluminum and featured pentagonal holes. Pentagonal arithmetic frames were originally developed at the Glasgow Asylum for the Blind in Scotland around 1829. By turning a metal peg in place, numbers 0-9 and operators were represented. APH began experimenting with different styles of arithmetic frames in the 1930s. The frames first entered the catalog in 1935. By 1937, however, the pentagonal frame was no longer in the catalog, in favor of a gridded frame, often called a “Texas Slate,” which used metal type cast with raised numerals. A year later, APH introduced its version of the Taylor arithmetic slate, which used octagonal holes, but was similar in concept to the pentagonal design. APH called its pentagonal slate, the “Bertha Shephard Slate,” but I don’t know who Miss Shephard was.</span><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'><br></span><strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#606060'>Micheal A. Hudson</span></strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#606060'><br>Museum Director<br>American Printing House for the Blind</span><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'><a href="http://aph.us8.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=d9e3314511&e=60d5a56a21"><span style='color:#6DC6DD;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 id="_x0000_i1026" src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/fredsheadcompanion?d=yIl2AUoC8zA"></span></a><a href="http://aph.us8.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=08ed693883&e=60d5a56a21"><span style='color:#6DC6DD;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 id="_x0000_i1027" src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/fredsheadcompanion?d=qj6IDK7rITs"></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'><br><a href="http://aph.us8.list-manage2.com/track/click?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=edbb34fff6&e=60d5a56a21" target="_blank"><span style='color:#6DC6DD'>Read in browser »</span></a><br><a href="http://aph.us8.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=cdac2a7c19&e=60d5a56a21" target="_blank"><span style='color:#6DC6DD;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=55 height=20 id="_x0000_i1028" src="http://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/social_connect_tweet.png" alt="share on Twitter"></span></a><a href="http://aph.us8.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=b9217c951f&e=60d5a56a21" title="Like Throwback Thursday Object: An Arithmetic Slate on Facebook" id=fblike-09b1c2bb><span style='color:#6DC6DD;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=48 height=20 id="_x0000_i1029" src="http://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/fb/like.gif" alt="Like Throwback Thursday Object: An Arithmetic Slate on Facebook"></span></a><br><br><br><br><o:p></o:p></span></p><h3>Recent Articles:<o:p></o:p></h3><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'><a href="http://aph.us8.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=67627f8ffb&e=60d5a56a21" target="_blank"><span style='color:#6DC6DD'>Quick Tip: Match-It-Up Frames. Match–It-Up Frames can be used by parents and teachers to custom-design activities addressing specific learning needs of students who are blind and visually impaired, as well as those with multiple disabilities.</span></a><br><a href="http://aph.us8.list-manage2.com/track/click?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=1048819393&e=60d5a56a21" target="_blank"><span style='color:#6DC6DD'>Throwback Thursday Object: Celebrating Helen Keller</span></a><br><a href="http://aph.us8.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=9940dc301b&e=60d5a56a21" target="_blank"><span style='color:#6DC6DD'>Quick Tip: Braille Tales. By enrolling in the Braille Tales Print/Braille Book Program, participating families receive six free print/braille books each year until the child reaches his/her 6th birthday.</span></a><br><a href="http://aph.us8.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=09708007f9&e=60d5a56a21" target="_blank"><span style='color:#6DC6DD'>Throwback Thursday Object: Razmara Compass</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></div></td></tr><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=600 style='width:6.25in;background:white;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;min-width: 100%' id=templateFooter><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 6.75pt 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 align=left width=600 style='width:6.25in;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 13.5pt 6.75pt 13.5pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:125%'><em><span style='font-size:8.5pt;line-height:125%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'>Copyright © 2017 The American Printing House for the Blind, All rights reserved.</span></em><span style='font-size:8.5pt;line-height:125%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'> <br>You are receiving this email because you subscribed to posts via email at <a href="http://www.fredshead.info/">http://www.fredshead.info/</a>. <br><br><strong><span style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>Our mailing address is:</span></strong> <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:125%'><span class=org><span style='font-size:8.5pt;line-height:125%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'>The American Printing House for the Blind</span></span><span style='font-size:8.5pt;line-height:125%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:125%'><span style='font-size:8.5pt;line-height:125%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'>1839 Frankfort Avenue<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:125%'><span class=locality><span style='font-size:8.5pt;line-height:125%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'>Louisville</span></span><span style='font-size:8.5pt;line-height:125%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'>, <span class=region>KY</span> <span class=postal-code>40206</span><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:125%'><span style='font-size:8.5pt;line-height:125%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'><br><a href="http://aph.us8.list-manage.com/vcard?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=53addca4a0"><span style='color:#606060'>Add us to your address book</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:125%'><span style='font-size:8.5pt;line-height:125%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'><br><br><a href="http://aph.us8.list-manage1.com/unsubscribe?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=53addca4a0&e=60d5a56a21&c=15c1d5531c"><span style='color:#606060'>unsubscribe from this list</span></a> <a href="http://aph.us8.list-manage1.com/profile?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=53addca4a0&e=60d5a56a21"><span style='color:#606060'>update subscription preferences</span></a> <br><br><a href="http://www.mailchimp.com/monkey-rewards/?utm_source=freemium_newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=monkey_rewards&aid=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&afl=1"><span style='color:#606060;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=139 height=54 id="_x0000_i1030" src="https://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/monkey_rewards/MC_MonkeyReward_15.png" alt="Email Marketing Powered by MailChimp"></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><p class=MsoNormal><img src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/msv5/images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" alt="Web Bug from http://aph.us8.list-manage.com/track/open.php?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=15c1d5531c&e=60d5a56a21" /><o:p></o:p></p></div></body></html>