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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor="#F2F2F2" lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple style='-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Fred's Head from APH [mailto:fredshead=aph.org@mail199.sea22.mcdlv.net] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Fred's Head from APH<br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, July 19, 2018 7:03 AM<br><b>To:</b> =?utf-8?Q??=<br><b>Subject:</b> Posts from Fred's Head from APH for 07/19/2018<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;background:#F2F2F2;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:15.0pt 15.0pt 15.0pt 15.0pt'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=600 style='width:6.25in;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=600 style='width:6.25in;background:white;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 0in 0in 0in'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 align=left width=366 style='width:274.5pt;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 0in 6.75pt 13.5pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:125%'><span style='font-size:8.5pt;line-height:125%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'>The latest blog posts from Fred's Head from APH, a Blindness Blog. <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 align=right width=197 style='width:147.75pt;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 13.5pt 6.75pt 0in'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:125%'><span style='font-size:8.5pt;line-height:125%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'><a href="https://us8.campaign-archive.com/?e=60d5a56a21&u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=0b71d8cfc4" target="_blank"><span style='color:#606060'>View this email in your browser</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></div></td></tr><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=600 style='width:6.25in;background:white;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;min-width: 100%' id=templateHeader><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 6.75pt 6.75pt 6.75pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 align=left width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 6.75pt 0in 6.75pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><p class=MsoNormal><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
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</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=144 src="https://gallery.mailchimp.com/0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765/images/9c5bcc9c-b7ea-4148-b696-9bcd691a2dd7.jpg" align=left alt="Fred's Head logo" v:shapes="_x0000_s1026"><![endif]><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></div></td></tr><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=600 style='width:6.25in;background:white;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;min-width: 100%' id=templateBody><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 align=left style='border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 13.5pt 6.75pt 13.5pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'>Updates from http://www.fredshead.info/ <o:p></o:p></span></p><h1>Fred’s Head from APH, a Blindness Blog<o:p></o:p></h1><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'><br><br><strong><span style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>In the 07/19/2018 edition:</span></strong><br><br><o:p></o:p></span></p><ul type=disc><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#606060;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'><a href="#mctoc1"><span style='color:#6DC6DD'>Throwback Thursday: Segmented Sphere Model</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li></ul></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 align=left style='border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:6.75pt 13.5pt 6.75pt 13.5pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><h2><a name=mctoc1></a><a href="https://aph.us8.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=fd6eb36099&e=60d5a56a21" target="_blank"><span style='color:#6DC6DD;font-weight:normal'>Throwback Thursday: Segmented Sphere Model</span></a><o:p></o:p></h2><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><em><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'>By APH Blogger on Jul 19, 2018 08:54 am</span></em><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'><o:p></o:p></span></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style='margin-left:12.0pt;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;float:right'><tr><td style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><a href="https://aph.us8.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=c57a0403d2&e=60d5a56a21"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#6DC6DD;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=320 height=217 id="_x0000_i1025" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uZBSkvdy6Mw/W1CJBsaG1SI/AAAAAAAAAHQ/vtUceL2_QosPOD-Cyb3OtVDr2SreicRPwCLcBGAs/s320/004_20041346317.jpg"></span></a><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr><td style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>Wooden model of a segmented sphere, <br>with two “slices” removed to reveal the interior<o:p></o:p></p></td></tr></table><div><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#606060'>A problem that all the historic residential schools experienced was the scarcity of “tangible apparatus” or educational models and equipment. In their report to the state of Kentucky in 1871, the Board of the Kentucky School for the Blind (KSB) described some of the types of models they would like to purchase if the state would increase their appropriation. Apparently the state of New York had bought an expensive set of mathematical models overseas. The KSB Board had located another potential supplier: the mechanical department at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York had a new woodworking shop that was turning out a cheaper set. Our object this week is a segmented model of a sphere which might have come from that set, but definitely came from KSB. The sphere will divide into eight “slices,” much like an orange, and each “slice” will further divide into four wedges, so that the entire sphere is composed of thirty-two pieces. The wedges in each slice are held together by strips of leather. Pins on the tops and bottom of the slices allow the entire sphere to be held together by ribbon ties. Early tactile models such as these would have been precious commodities, an indicator of the “modern” education provided to an institution’s students.</span><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'><a href="https://aph.us8.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=06aca702bb&e=60d5a56a21"><span style='color:#6DC6DD;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 id="_x0000_i1026" src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/fredsheadcompanion?d=yIl2AUoC8zA"></span></a><a href="https://aph.us8.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=71a8865273&e=60d5a56a21"><span style='color:#6DC6DD;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 id="_x0000_i1027" src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/fredsheadcompanion?d=qj6IDK7rITs"></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'><br><a href="https://aph.us8.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=864b6b6a1e&e=60d5a56a21" target="_blank"><span style='color:#6DC6DD'>Read in browser »</span></a><br><a href="https://aph.us8.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=326c6d50e1&e=60d5a56a21" target="_blank"><span style='color:#6DC6DD;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=55 height=20 id="_x0000_i1028" src="http://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/social_connect_tweet.png" alt="share on Twitter"></span></a><a href="https://aph.us8.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=7ba675c4f9&e=60d5a56a21" title="Like Throwback Thursday: Segmented Sphere Model on Facebook" id=fblike-2859ad3d><span style='color:#6DC6DD;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=48 height=20 id="_x0000_i1029" src="http://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/fb/like.gif" alt="Like Throwback Thursday: Segmented Sphere Model on Facebook"></span></a><br><br><br><br><o:p></o:p></span></p><h3>Recent Articles:<o:p></o:p></h3><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#606060'><a href="https://aph.us8.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=f444581528&e=60d5a56a21" target="_blank"><span style='color:#6DC6DD'>Throwback Thursday: Reading Pacer</span></a><br><a href="https://aph.us8.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=f999cce1dd&e=60d5a56a21" target="_blank"><span style='color:#6DC6DD'>Throwback Thursday: American Historical Documents Talking Book</span></a><br><a href="https://aph.us8.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=3f52da045e&e=60d5a56a21" target="_blank"><span style='color:#6DC6DD'>Thriving with Vision Loss: Introducing the APH ConnectCenter</span></a><br><a href="https://aph.us8.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0d9bb2b66f092e599244d8765&id=2291e63d41&e=60d5a56a21" target="_blank"><span style='color:#6DC6DD'>APH Applauds Passing of the Marrakesh Treaty by U.S. Senate</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></div></td></tr><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=600 style='width:6.25in;background:white;border-collapse:collapse;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;min-width: 100%' id=templateFooter><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 6.75pt 0in;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" 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