[nfb-talk] FYI Are Braille's days as the great equalizer over?
Sarah Baughn
sarahb006 at comcast.net
Tue Dec 7 00:36:48 UTC 2010
Thanks. I think, since you told me that, I will call them tomorrow.
Sarah
----- Original Message -----
From: "Judy Jones" <jtj1 at cableone.net>
To: "NFB Talk Mailing List" <nfb-talk at nfbnet.org>
Sent: Thursday, December 02, 2010 9:01 PM
Subject: Re: [nfb-talk] FYI Are Braille's days as the great equalizer over?
>I had that happen to me right at first, and you have to solve that with
>your library's web braille coordinator. It's an easy fix. If this person
>is hard to get hold of, keep at it. It's worth it.
>
> Judy
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: " Sarah Baughn" <sarahb006 at comcast.net>
> To: "NFB Talk Mailing List" <nfb-talk at nfbnet.org>
> Sent: Thursday, December 02, 2010 6:49 PM
> Subject: Re: [nfb-talk] FYI Are Braille's days as the great equalizer
> over?
>
>
>>I have tried to, but for some reason when I put in my password it never
>>seems to work.
>> Sarah
>> ----- Original Message -----
>> From: "Judy Jones" <jtj1 at cableone.net>
>> To: "NFB Talk Mailing List" <nfb-talk at nfbnet.org>
>> Sent: Thursday, December 02, 2010 5:07 PM
>> Subject: Re: [nfb-talk] FYI Are Braille's days as the great equalizer
>> over?
>>
>>
>>> That's understandable. I like to listen to books when doing other
>>> things. But I, like you, love that braille.
>>>
>>> Do you download from WebBraille?
>>>
>>> Judy
>>>
>>> ----- Original Message -----
>>> From: " Sarah Baughn" <sarahb006 at comcast.net>
>>> To: "NFB Talk Mailing List" <nfb-talk at nfbnet.org>
>>> Sent: Tuesday, November 30, 2010 8:56 AM
>>> Subject: Re: [nfb-talk] FYI Are Braille's days as the great equalizer
>>> over?
>>>
>>>
>>>> And I am finding out that since I have had my Stream, I order Braille
>>>> books from the library less and less, and I love to read Braille, it's
>>>> just that I have admittedly gotten lazy.
>>>> Sarah
>>>> ----- Original Message -----
>>>> From: "Judy Jones" <jtj1 at cableone.net>
>>>> To: "NFB Talk Mailing List" <nfb-talk at nfbnet.org>
>>>> Sent: Saturday, November 27, 2010 11:59 AM
>>>> Subject: Re: [nfb-talk] FYI Are Braille's days as the great equalizer
>>>> over?
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>> Sarah, you're so right.
>>>>>
>>>>> Once when my daughter was in middle school, when I went to check a
>>>>> paper she was handing in before printing, I discovered she had written
>>>>> it in textese. Like "Im, Ur," etc. I said that style is limited
>>>>> exclusively to texting on phones, but I'm seeing it on FB and
>>>>> elsewhere now, too. The basic problem across the board, blind,
>>>>> sighted, society in general is the lowering of standards and
>>>>> expectations in all venues of life.
>>>>>
>>>>> Judy
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> ----- Original Message -----
>>>>> From: " Sarah Baughn" <sarahb006 at comcast.net>
>>>>> To: "qubit" <lauraeaves at yahoo.com>; "NFB Talk Mailing List"
>>>>> <nfb-talk at nfbnet.org>
>>>>> Sent: Saturday, November 27, 2010 9:37 AM
>>>>> Subject: Re: [nfb-talk] FYI Are Braille's days as the great equalizer
>>>>> over?
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> Well, I think it is imperative to learn Braille. That's the problem
>>>>>> with today's society, there is so much technology out there, and it's
>>>>>> not only a problem among the blind, but the sighted, with texting and
>>>>>> such, don't know how to spell because everything is so abbreviated
>>>>>> these days.
>>>>>> Sarah
>>>>>> ----- Original Message -----
>>>>>> From: "qubit" <lauraeaves at yahoo.com>
>>>>>> To: <info at michaelhingson.com>; "NFB Talk Mailing List"
>>>>>> <nfb-talk at nfbnet.org>
>>>>>> Sent: Friday, November 26, 2010 3:00 PM
>>>>>> Subject: Re: [nfb-talk] FYI Are Braille's days as the great equalizer
>>>>>> over?
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> They neglect several important points: If a child is or will become
>>>>>>> deafblind, braille is essential for communication. Also, math and
>>>>>>> science
>>>>>>> are much more difficult to grasp without some kind of tactile
>>>>>>> representation. Finally, braille is useful for a lot more than just
>>>>>>> reading
>>>>>>> literature. It is good for labeling things around the house, or a
>>>>>>> file. It
>>>>>>> is useful for notes when public speaking. Having a notetaker with a
>>>>>>> refreshable display also allows a student to take notes quietly in a
>>>>>>> class.
>>>>>>> Finally, I was one of those partially sighted kids who learned
>>>>>>> braille in
>>>>>>> school but wasn't required to use it because I was able to see with
>>>>>>> magnification. Now as an adult over -- well, over a certain age
>>>>>>> *smile* --
>>>>>>> I find it much harder to improve my braille reading speed. I
>>>>>>> thankfully
>>>>>>> remember the codes, but memorization is only part of learning
>>>>>>> braille. There
>>>>>>> is the developed skill of recognizing symbols and words quickly with
>>>>>>> your
>>>>>>> fingers. I now wish I had spent more time with braille when I was a
>>>>>>> child.
>>>>>>> As far as I am concerned, the article is incomplete. Someone should
>>>>>>> write
>>>>>>> to the editor.
>>>>>>> --le
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> ----- Original Message -----
>>>>>>> From: "Michael Hingson" <info at michaelhingson.com>
>>>>>>> To: "'NFB Talk Mailing List'" <nfb-talk at nfbnet.org>
>>>>>>> Sent: Friday, November 26, 2010 2:36 PM
>>>>>>> Subject: [nfb-talk] FYI Are Braille's days as the great equalizer
>>>>>>> over?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Are Braille's days as the great equalizer over?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Keith Gillard taps away on his computer's Microsoft Egronomic
>>>>>>> keyboard at
>>>>>>> his home in Edmonton, Aug. 4, 2010. "Braille is not necessary to
>>>>>>> have a full
>>>>>>> and complete life as a blind Canadian," he says.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Walter Tychnowicz for National Post
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Keith Gillard taps away on his computer's Microsoft Egronomic
>>>>>>> keyboard at
>>>>>>> his home in Edmonton, Aug. 4, 2010. "Braille is not necessary to
>>>>>>> have a full
>>>>>>> and complete life as a blind Canadian," he says.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> * Comments <http://www.nationalpost.com/news/canada/#Comments>
>>>>>>> * Twitter
>>>>>>> <http://twitter.com/home?status=RT+@nationalpost%3a+Are+Braille%27s+days+as+
>>>>>>> the+great+equalizer+over%3f+http%3a//www.nationalpost.com/news/canada/Braill
>>>>>>> e%2bdays%2bgreat%2bequalizer%2bover/3369651/story.html>
>>>>>>> * LinkedIn
>>>>>>> <http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=http%3a//www.nationalpos
>>>>>>> t.com/news/canada/Braille%2bdays%2bgreat%2bequalizer%2bover/3369651/story.ht
>>>>>>> ml&title=National+Post%3a+Are+Braille%27s+days+as+the+great+equalizer+over%3
>>>>>>> f>
>>>>>>> * Digg
>>>>>>> <http://digg.com/submit?url=http%3a//www.nationalpost.com/news/canada/Braill
>>>>>>> e%2bdays%2bgreat%2bequalizer%2bover/3369651/story.html&title=National+Post%3
>>>>>>> a+Are+Braille%27s+days+as+the+great+equalizer+over%3f>
>>>>>>> * Buzz
>>>>>>> <http://www.google.com/buzz/post?url=http%3a//www.nationalpost.com/news/cana
>>>>>>> da/Braille%2bdays%2bgreat%2bequalizer%2bover/3369651/story.html&message=Nati
>>>>>>> onal+Post%3a+Are+Braille%27s+days+as+the+great+equalizer+over%3f&image-url=h
>>>>>>> ttp%3a//www.nationalpost.com/3369607.bin%3fsize%3d620x465>
>>>>>>> * Email
>>>>>>> <http://www.nationalpost.com/ajax/email/story.xml?url=http%3a//www.nationalp
>>>>>>> ost.com/news/canada/Braille%2bdays%2bgreat%2bequalizer%2bover/3369651/story.
>>>>>>> html&id=3369651&title=National+Post+Story%3a++Are+Braille%27s+days+as+the+gr
>>>>>>> eat+equalizer+over%3f>
>>>>>>> *
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Kenyon Wallace, National Post . Friday, Aug. 6, 2010
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> The publication in 1829 of a small booklet explaining how a series
>>>>>>> of raised
>>>>>>> dots arranged in a line could teach the world's blind to read is one
>>>>>>> of
>>>>>>> modern history's great, if often overlooked, turning points.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Once hailed as the great intellectual equalizer, Louis Braille's
>>>>>>> development
>>>>>>> of a new alphabet that could be read with the fingers is now at risk
>>>>>>> of
>>>>>>> being consigned to history, overtaken by the rapid pace of changing
>>>>>>> technology.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Only 10% of blind school-aged children are taught Braille today;
>>>>>>> compared to
>>>>>>> about 50% in the 1960s, according to the U.S. National Federation of
>>>>>>> the
>>>>>>> Blind. The statistic is roughly the same for Canada.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> The prospect of Braille becoming obsolete has sparked a polarizing
>>>>>>> debate
>>>>>>> between advocates, educators and individuals over the causes of the
>>>>>>> code's
>>>>>>> decline and what to do about it.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Advocates blame funding shortages, not enough qualified teachers,
>>>>>>> and
>>>>>>> decisions by administrators to deny Braille instruction to children
>>>>>>> with low
>>>>>>> vision because of an emphasis on encouraging these students to read
>>>>>>> print.
>>>>>>> Educators say this assessment couldn't be further from the truth and
>>>>>>> argue
>>>>>>> that today's diagnostic tools have honed the art of identifying
>>>>>>> those who
>>>>>>> truly require Braille instruction and those who don't.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Others still - including many blind people - say advances in
>>>>>>> assistive
>>>>>>> technology, such as audiobooks, voice recognition software and
>>>>>>> computer
>>>>>>> screen-readers, have rendered Braille unnecessary in daily life.
>>>>>>> They say
>>>>>>> its cumbersome nature - a single Harry Potter book printed on
>>>>>>> Braille paper
>>>>>>> will fill a moving box - makes it impractical and unaffordable.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> "Braille is not necessary to have a full and complete life as a
>>>>>>> blind
>>>>>>> Canadian," said Edmonton resident Keith Gillard, who was born with
>>>>>>> retinitis
>>>>>>> pigmentosa, a degenerative eye condition that rendered him legally,
>>>>>>> but not
>>>>>>> completely, blind at birth. As a child, he was encouraged to use
>>>>>>> what vision
>>>>>>> he had to learn print, but not Braille. "They taught me how to touch
>>>>>>> type
>>>>>>> rather than learn Braille."
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> By his mid-20s, the blurry fog obscuring his peripheral vision began
>>>>>>> to
>>>>>>> creep toward the centre of his eyes as his condition worsened. Mr.
>>>>>>> Gillard
>>>>>>> gauged the severity of his increasing blindness by his ability to
>>>>>>> see the
>>>>>>> lines on the ice at his local hockey rink each winter while playing
>>>>>>> on a
>>>>>>> blind hockey team.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Now 49 and completely blind, he says he has contemplated learning
>>>>>>> Braille,
>>>>>>> but probably never will given the plethora of technological aids he
>>>>>>> uses at
>>>>>>> work as a federal civil servant and at home.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> "Adaptive technology has opened up the world of education and
>>>>>>> employment for
>>>>>>> blind Canadians. Braille hasn't done that," he said.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> "I recognize the benefits. Would I be better off as a blind Canadian
>>>>>>> if I
>>>>>>> was a proficient Braille reader? I think I would be. Is it necessary
>>>>>>> for me
>>>>>>> to be successful? No."
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Up until nine years ago, Sarah Empey, 35, had full eyesight. When
>>>>>>> she was
>>>>>>> 26, the Type 1 diabetic suffered complications due to high blood
>>>>>>> pressure
>>>>>>> and started to go blind. Despite several operations, she now has
>>>>>>> only 15%
>>>>>>> vision in her right eye.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> She intends to learn Braille one day, but hasn't found the need for
>>>>>>> it yet,
>>>>>>> and has learned only numbers.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> "It's not something I would use at this point," says Ms. Empey, a
>>>>>>> Calgary
>>>>>>> resident and short film director.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> She uses a program on her computer called ZoomText, which magnifies
>>>>>>> text and
>>>>>>> uses an audio device called a VictorReader to listen to books.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> "Some people are fine with technology doing everything for them. I
>>>>>>> do see
>>>>>>> Braille as slightly dying off, but for me, Braille still means more
>>>>>>> independence [in the future]."
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Twenty years ago, the predominant philosophy governing education of
>>>>>>> the
>>>>>>> blind was to maximize the efficiency of whatever vision students had
>>>>>>> in a
>>>>>>> regular classroom with their sighted peers. This required partially
>>>>>>> blind
>>>>>>> children to use a myriad of tools such as monocular telescopes to
>>>>>>> see the
>>>>>>> blackboard, magnifying glasses, bold markers and large-print books.
>>>>>>> These
>>>>>>> tools evolved through the 1980s to include small cameras students
>>>>>>> could roll
>>>>>>> over text that would be blown up on a closed circuit television.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> "Braille was never given to them as an option because if you had
>>>>>>> vision, you
>>>>>>> were supposed to use vision," said Dr. Carol Farrenkopf, coordinator
>>>>>>> of the
>>>>>>> Toronto District School Board's Vision Program.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> It wasn't until the mid-1990s that teachers began using a tool
>>>>>>> called a
>>>>>>> "learning media assessment," using observations and timed-readings
>>>>>>> to
>>>>>>> determine if Braille should be introduced.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Another factor driving down the rate of Braille use is the fact that
>>>>>>> those
>>>>>>> who go blind later in life due to medical conditions, such as
>>>>>>> diabetes and
>>>>>>> macular degeneration, already have literacy skills and are therefore
>>>>>>> less
>>>>>>> likely to be inclined to learn a new writing system.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> "A 60-year-old woman working who already knows how to read and write
>>>>>>> and
>>>>>>> then loses her vision, why does she need to learn Braille when she
>>>>>>> can keep
>>>>>>> going with technology?" said Ms. Farrenkopf.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> She stresses that not all blind children need to be taught Braille.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> "Legal blindness is not the same thing as being totally blind," said
>>>>>>> Ms.
>>>>>>> Farrenkopf, noting that 20/200 vision - legal blindness - is still
>>>>>>> functional vision. (Someone with 20/200 can see a letter at 20 feet
>>>>>>> while a
>>>>>>> person with normal vision can see the same letter from 200 feet.)
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> "Kids with 20/200 vision don't need to be reading Braille."
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> That opinion is not shared by all Braille advocates, who wonder at
>>>>>>> the logic
>>>>>>> of not teaching the system to children when many eye conditions are
>>>>>>> degenerative.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> "They're in the school system where people are being encouraged to
>>>>>>> use the
>>>>>>> technology and their remaining vision at the expense of learning
>>>>>>> Braille
>>>>>>> that will prepare them for vision loss as they get older," said CNIB
>>>>>>> spokeswoman Ellie Shuster.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Advocates also say the integration of blind children within the
>>>>>>> regular
>>>>>>> school system means less one-on-one time between teachers and
>>>>>>> students and
>>>>>>> therefore less consistent Braille instruction. The result, they say,
>>>>>>> is that
>>>>>>> many students end up being functionally illiterate.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> "School districts across the country, in general, don't adequately
>>>>>>> support
>>>>>>> Braille instruction," said Betty Nobel, president of the Canadian
>>>>>>> Braille
>>>>>>> Authority. "In the primary grades, kids should have daily Braille
>>>>>>> instruction, but they're not getting that."
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Forty years ago, Canada was home to several residential schools for
>>>>>>> the
>>>>>>> blind, where all students were expected to learn Braille. There is
>>>>>>> only one
>>>>>>> such school remaining today: W. Ross Macdonald School for the Blind
>>>>>>> and
>>>>>>> Deafblind in Brantford, Ont.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> The Atlantic Provinces Special Education Authority, which provides
>>>>>>> educational services to students from birth to 21 years of age with
>>>>>>> sensory
>>>>>>> impairments, has also established several successful short-term,
>>>>>>> intensive
>>>>>>> Braille courses that can be taken during the regular school year.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> But it's not enough, says Ms. Nobel, who is also department head of
>>>>>>> the
>>>>>>> Program for the Visually Impaired at Vancouver Community College and
>>>>>>> a CNIB
>>>>>>> library board member. She says teachers in the regular school system
>>>>>>> may not
>>>>>>> have blind children in their classes every year, meaning they lack
>>>>>>> the
>>>>>>> opportunity to stay proficient in Braille.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> "If this means lowering the workloads for teachers that have blind
>>>>>>> students,
>>>>>>> that's what we need," she said.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> The implications for an illiterate blind population are profound.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> A study by Dr. Ruby Ryles, a blindness researcher at Louisiana Tech
>>>>>>> University, found that visually impaired people who learned Braille
>>>>>>> at a
>>>>>>> young age were more likely to be employed, financially independent
>>>>>>> and
>>>>>>> better educated than those who relied primarily on print -- this in
>>>>>>> a world
>>>>>>> where blind adults already face an unemployment rate of over 70%.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Diana Brent, a teacher of visually impaired students, and her
>>>>>>> husband, Doug
>>>>>>> Brent, a University of Calgary communications professor, are the
>>>>>>> authors of
>>>>>>> one of the only studies comparing the writings of blind people who
>>>>>>> learned
>>>>>>> Braille at a young age and those who didn't. Non-Braille users were
>>>>>>> asked to
>>>>>>> type stories on a keyboard using audio software.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Their findings were alarming. The Brents described the prose of the
>>>>>>> non-Braille group as "jumbled and confused."
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> "It's as if all of their ideas are crammed into a container, shaken,
>>>>>>> and
>>>>>>> thrown randomly onto a sheet of paper like dice onto a table," the
>>>>>>> authors
>>>>>>> concluded. "The process of making connections, linking one idea to
>>>>>>> another
>>>>>>> is tenuous at best."
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> While preliminary, the results suggest that blind children relying
>>>>>>> solely on
>>>>>>> an oral education have virtually no means of literacy in the sense
>>>>>>> that
>>>>>>> society has come to understand it.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> "It's still well worth teaching children Braille, even if they
>>>>>>> choose later
>>>>>>> to drift away from it," said Mr. Brent. "To not have access to a way
>>>>>>> of
>>>>>>> organizing thought that depends on a system of written record, to
>>>>>>> not be
>>>>>>> formed by that arguably makes people think differently and puts them
>>>>>>> at a
>>>>>>> significant disadvantage."
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> kewallace at nationalpost.com
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> - - -
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Who was Louis Braille?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Louis Braille was born fully sighted on Jan. 4, 1809 in a small town
>>>>>>> near
>>>>>>> Paris, France.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> He lost his sight as a small boy after accidentally stabbing himself
>>>>>>> in the
>>>>>>> eye with a stitching awl his his father's shoemaking workshop. An
>>>>>>> infection
>>>>>>> in one eye spread to the other, rendering him completely blind.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> A creative and intelligent boy, Braille earned a scholarship to the
>>>>>>> Royal
>>>>>>> Institution for Blind Youth in Paris when he was 10.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> While there, he learned to read using a system of raised letters by
>>>>>>> pressing
>>>>>>> shaped copper wire onto paper. But this cumbersome system made it
>>>>>>> impossible
>>>>>>> for blind people to write by themselves.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> In 1821, French army captain Charles Barbier de la Serre visited the
>>>>>>> school
>>>>>>> to share his invention, which he called "Night Writing." The
>>>>>>> invention was a
>>>>>>> series of 12 raised dots combined to form words that soldiers could
>>>>>>> use to
>>>>>>> communicate in the night without talking.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> The code proved too difficult to understand, so Braille modified the
>>>>>>> system
>>>>>>> to a series of six raised dots, with characters representing each
>>>>>>> letter of
>>>>>>> the alphabet. In 1829 he published his system in the booklet, "The
>>>>>>> Method of
>>>>>>> Writing Words, Music and Plain Song by Means of Dots, for Use by the
>>>>>>> Blind
>>>>>>> and Arranged by Them."
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> This new system of reading and writing - Braille - did not catch on
>>>>>>> immediately. Braille, who eventually became a teacher at the
>>>>>>> Institute, died
>>>>>>> of tuberculosis on Jan. 6, 1852, before even his own school adopted
>>>>>>> his
>>>>>>> code.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> The French government officially recognized the Braille system two
>>>>>>> years
>>>>>>> later, and it eventually became the world standard for written
>>>>>>> communication
>>>>>>> for the blind.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> In 1952, Braille's body was disinterred and reburied in the Pantheon
>>>>>>> in
>>>>>>> Paris to lie with the remains of other distinguished French
>>>>>>> citizens.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Kenyon Wallace, National Post
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> - - -
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Blindness By The Numbers
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> 10 Percentage of legally blind North Americans who can read Braille
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> 836,000 Number of Canadians living with significant vision loss that
>>>>>>> cannot
>>>>>>> be corrected with ordinary lenses
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> 70 Percentage of blind North Americans who are unemployed
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> 1,000,000 number of Canadians with some form of macular
>>>>>>> degeneration, the
>>>>>>> leading cause of vision loss in North Americans over the age of 50
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> 90 Percentage of blind children in the United States not learning
>>>>>>> Braille
>>>>>>> today
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> 50 Percentage of blind American high school students who drop out
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> 75,000 Number of people who lose all or part of their vision every
>>>>>>> year
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Source: NFB and CNIB
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Tools
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> . <http://www.nationalpost.com/news/canada/#DecreaseTextSize> -
>>>>>>> <http://www.nationalpost.com/news/canada/#IncreaseTextSize> + Change
>>>>>>> text
>>>>>>> size
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> . Print <http://www.nationalpost.com/news/canada/#Print>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> More On This Story
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> .
>>>>>>> <http://www.nationalpost.com/news/canada/Blind+person+sense+smell+better+dif
>>>>>>> ferent+study/2958847/story.html> Blind person's sense of smell not
>>>>>>> better,
>>>>>>> but different: study
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> .
>>>>>>> <http://www.nationalpost.com/news/canada/Artist+creates+book+nudes+blind/290
>>>>>>> 3068/story.html> Artist creates book of nudes for the blind
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> The Michael Hingson Group, INC.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> "Speaking with Vision"
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Michael Hingson, President
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> (415) 827-4084
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> <mailto:info at michaelhingson.com> info at michaelhingson.com
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> To learn more about my upcoming book, speaking topics and speaking
>>>>>>> availability please visit <http://www.michaelhingson.com>
>>>>>>> www.michaelhingson.com
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Thunder Dog is now available for early ordering on Amazon!!!
>>>>>>> <http://www.amazon.com/Thunder-Dog-Blind-Triumph-Ground/dp/140020304X/ref=sr
>>>>>>> _1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1289090352&sr=1-3>
>>>>>>> http://www.amazon.com/Thunder-Dog-Blind-Triumph-Ground/dp/140020304X/ref=sr_
>>>>>>> 1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1289090352&sr=1-3
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> for info on the new KNFB Reader Mobile, visit:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> <http://knfbreader.michaelhingson.com>
>>>>>>> http://knfbreader.michaelhingson.com
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>>> nfb-talk mailing list
>>>>>>> nfb-talk at nfbnet.org
>>>>>>> http://www.nfbnet.org/mailman/listinfo/nfb-talk_nfbnet.org
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>>> nfb-talk mailing list
>>>>>>> nfb-talk at nfbnet.org
>>>>>>> http://www.nfbnet.org/mailman/listinfo/nfb-talk_nfbnet.org
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>> nfb-talk mailing list
>>>>>> nfb-talk at nfbnet.org
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>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>> nfb-talk mailing list
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>>>>
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