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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72" style='word-wrap:break-word'><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal>Good Day:<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>FYI!<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Todd<o:p></o:p></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b>From:</b> Gatton, Tonia F (OVR) <Tonia.Gatton@ky.gov> <br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, June 23, 2022 12:56 PM<br><b>To:</b> Todd Stephens <todde.stephens@windstream.net><br><b>Subject:</b> RE: Excellent Article by Devin Prater: By the Blind, For the Blind<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/write.as/devinprater/by-the-blind-for-the-blind__;!!Db6frn15oIvDD3UI!kVKBeR9jSx5h_ur2CUReqVOM8s8Rp_xbRnhg0_jtox8lsB_kY9ULzoEvtqUPC2E8dMU5VOl2QEGYLKoUHQ-RAZA5GTQhXQ$">Original Source</a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><h2 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:0in;background:white'><span style='font-size:16.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'>By the Blind, For the Blind<o:p></o:p></span></h2><p class=MsoNormal>June 22, 2022<o:p></o:p></p><p style='margin:0in;background:white;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased'><span style='font-size:14.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'>Why tools made by the blind, are the best for the blind.<o:p></o:p></span></p><h2 style='margin:0in;background:white' id=introduction><span style='font-size:20.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'>Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></h2><p style='margin:0in;background:white;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased'><span style='font-size:14.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'>For the past few hundred years, blind people have been creating amazing technology and ways of dealing with the primarily sighted world. From Braille to screen readers to canes and training guide dogs, we've often shown that if we work together as a community, as a culture, we can create things that work better than what sighted people alone give to us.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin:0in;background:white;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased'><span style='font-size:14.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'>In this post, I aim to celebrate what we've made, primarily through a free and open source filter. This is because, firstly, that part of what we've made is almost always overlooked and undervalued, even by us. And secondly, it fits with what I'll talk about at the end of the article.<o:p></o:p></span></p><h2 style='margin:0in;background:white' id=braille-is-vital><span style='font-size:20.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'>Braille is Vital<o:p></o:p></span></h2><p style='margin:0in;background:white;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased'><span style='font-size:14.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'>In the 1800's, Louis Braille created a system of writing that was made up of six dots configured in two columns of three dots, which made letters. This followed the languages of print, but in a different writing form. This system, called Braille after its inventor, became the writing and reading system of the blind. Most countries, even today, use the same configurations created by Louis, but with some new symbols for each language's needs. Even Japanese Braille uses something resembling that system.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin:0in;background:white;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased'><span style='font-size:14.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'>Now, Braille displays are becoming something that the 20 or 30 percent of employed blind people can afford, and something that the US government is creating a program to give to those who cannot afford one. Thus, digital Braille is becoming something that all screen reader creators, yes even Microsoft, Apple, and Google, should be heavily working with. Yet, Microsoft doesn't even support the new HID Braille standard, and neither does Google. Apple supports much of it, but not all of it. As an aside, I've not even been able to <em><span style='font-family:Lora'>find</span></em> the standards document, besides <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/github.com/nvaccess/nvda/blob/master/devDocs/hidBrailleTechnicalNotes.md__;!!Db6frn15oIvDD3UI!kVKBeR9jSx5h_ur2CUReqVOM8s8Rp_xbRnhg0_jtox8lsB_kY9ULzoEvtqUPC2E8dMU5VOl2QEGYLKoUHQ-RAZD2FuAaQg$">This technical notes document from the NVDA developers</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin:0in;background:white;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased'><span style='font-size:14.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'>However, there is a group of people who has taken Braille seriously since 1995. That is the developers of BRLTTY, of which <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/brltty.app/pipermail/brltty/2015-December/013007.html__;!!Db6frn15oIvDD3UI!kVKBeR9jSx5h_ur2CUReqVOM8s8Rp_xbRnhg0_jtox8lsB_kY9ULzoEvtqUPC2E8dMU5VOl2QEGYLKoUHQ-RAZALfazvfA$">you can read some history</a>. This program basically makes Braille a first-class citizen in the Linux console. It can also be controlled by other programs, like Orca, the Linux graphical interface screen reader.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin:0in;background:white;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased'><span style='font-size:14.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'>BRLTTY has gone through the hands of a few amazing blind hackers (as in increddibly competent programmers)), to land at <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/brltty.app/__;!!Db6frn15oIvDD3UI!kVKBeR9jSx5h_ur2CUReqVOM8s8Rp_xbRnhg0_jtox8lsB_kY9ULzoEvtqUPC2E8dMU5VOl2QEGYLKoUHQ-RAZAdv8B7ZA$">https://brltty.app</a>, where you can download it not only for Linux, where it's original home is at, but for Windows, and even Android. BRLTTY not only supports the Braille HID standard, but is the only screen reader that supports the Canute 360, a multi-line Braille display.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin:0in;background:white;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased'><span style='font-size:14.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'>BRLTTY, and its spin-off project of many Braille tables (called LibLouis), have proven so reliable and effective that they've been adopted by proprietary screen readers, like JAWS, Narrator, and VoiceOver. VoiceOver and JAWS use LibLouis, while Narrator uses them both. This proves that the open source tools that blind people create are undeniably good.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin:0in;background:white;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased'><span style='font-size:14.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'>But what about printing to Braille embossers? That <em><span style='font-family:Lora'>is</span></em> important too. Digital Braille may fail to work for whatever reason, and we should never forget hardcopy Braille. Oh hey lookie! <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/fossies.org/linux/cups-filters/filter/braille/drivers/index/ubrlto4dot.c__;!!Db6frn15oIvDD3UI!kVKBeR9jSx5h_ur2CUReqVOM8s8Rp_xbRnhg0_jtox8lsB_kY9ULzoEvtqUPC2E8dMU5VOl2QEGYLKoUHQ-RAZAcvZTAug$">Here's a driver for the Index line of Braille embossers</a>. The CUPS (Common Unix Printing System) program has support, through the cups-filters package, for embossers! This means that Linux, that impennitrable, unknowable system for geeks and computer experts, contains, even out of the box on some systems, support for printing directly to a Braille embosser. To be clear, not even Windows, or MacOS, or iOS, has this. Yes, Apple created CUPS, but they've not added the drivers for Braille embossers.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin:0in;background:white;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased'><span style='font-size:14.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'>Let that sink in for a moment. All you have to do is set up your embosser, set the Braille code you want to emboss from, the paper size, and you're good. If you have a network printer, just put in the IP address, just like you'd do in Windows. Once that's sunk in, I have another surprise for you.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin:0in;background:white;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased'><span style='font-size:14.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'>You ready? You sure? Okay then. With CUPS, you can emboss graphics on your embosser! Granted, I only have an Index D V5 to test with, but I was able to print an image of a cat, and at least recognize its cute little feet. I looked hard for a way to do this on Windows, and only found an expensive tactile graphics program. With CUPS, through the usage of connecting to other Linux programs like ImageMagick, you can get embossed images, for free. You don't even have to buy extra hardware, like embossers especially made for embossing graphics!<o:p></o:p></span></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;background:white'><span style='font-size:14.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'><hr size=1 width="100%" align=center></span></div><p style='background:white;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;margin:-1rem 0px'><span style='font-size:14.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'>Through both of these examples, we see that Braille is vital. Braille isn't an afterthought. Braille isn't just a mere echo of what a screen reader speaks aloud. Braille isn't a drab, text-only deluge of whatever a sighted person thinks is not enough or too much verbiage. Braille is a finely crafted, versitile, and customizable system which the blind create, so that other blind people can be productive and happy with their tools, and thus lessen the already immense burden of living without sight in a sighted world. And if electronic Braille fails, or if one just wants to use printed material like everyone else can, that is available, and ready for use, both to print text and pictures.<o:p></o:p></span></p><h2 style='margin:0in;background:white' id=speech-matters-too><span style='font-size:20.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'>Speech matters too<o:p></o:p></span></h2><p style='margin:0in;background:white;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased'><span style='font-size:14.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'>If a blind person isn't a fast Braille reader, was never taught Braille, or just prefers speech, then that option should not just be available for them, but be as reliable, enjoyable, and productive an experience as possible. After all, wouldn't a sighted person get the best experience possible? Free and open source tools may not sound the best, but work <em><span style='font-family:Lora'>is</span></em> being done to make screen readers as good as possible.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin:0in;background:white;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased'><span style='font-size:14.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'>In the Linux console, there are three options. One can use <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/www.linux-speakup.org/__;!!Db6frn15oIvDD3UI!kVKBeR9jSx5h_ur2CUReqVOM8s8Rp_xbRnhg0_jtox8lsB_kY9ULzoEvtqUPC2E8dMU5VOl2QEGYLKoUHQ-RAZDMugA_bw$">Speakup</a>, <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/github.com/chrys87/fenrir__;!!Db6frn15oIvDD3UI!kVKBeR9jSx5h_ur2CUReqVOM8s8Rp_xbRnhg0_jtox8lsB_kY9ULzoEvtqUPC2E8dMU5VOl2QEGYLKoUHQ-RAZCjV0FccA$">Fenrir</a>, and <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/github.com/tspivey/tdsr__;!!Db6frn15oIvDD3UI!kVKBeR9jSx5h_ur2CUReqVOM8s8Rp_xbRnhg0_jtox8lsB_kY9ULzoEvtqUPC2E8dMU5VOl2QEGYLKoUHQ-RAZDQNN3Ymw$">TDSR</a>. On the desktop, the screen reader has been <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/orca/__;!!Db6frn15oIvDD3UI!kVKBeR9jSx5h_ur2CUReqVOM8s8Rp_xbRnhg0_jtox8lsB_kY9ULzoEvtqUPC2E8dMU5VOl2QEGYLKoUHQ-RAZCtbqcXUg$">Orca</a>, but another is being written, called <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/odilia.app/__;!!Db6frn15oIvDD3UI!kVKBeR9jSx5h_ur2CUReqVOM8s8Rp_xbRnhg0_jtox8lsB_kY9ULzoEvtqUPC2E8dMU5VOl2QEGYLKoUHQ-RAZAgaEjbGg$">Odilia</a>. Odilia is being written by two blind people, in the Rust programming language.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin:0in;background:white;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased'><span style='font-size:14.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'>If one uses the Emacs text editor, one can also take advantage of <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/github.com/tvraman/emacspeak/__;!!Db6frn15oIvDD3UI!kVKBeR9jSx5h_ur2CUReqVOM8s8Rp_xbRnhg0_jtox8lsB_kY9ULzoEvtqUPC2E8dMU5VOl2QEGYLKoUHQ-RAZC5S1r0ZA$">Emacspeak</a>. This takes information not from accessibility interfaces, but Emacs itself, so it can provide things like aural syntax highlighting, or showing bold and italics through changes in speech.<o:p></o:p></span></p><h2 style='margin:0in;background:white' id=community><span style='font-size:20.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'>Community<o:p></o:p></span></h2><p style='margin:0in;background:white;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased'><span style='font-size:14.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'>There are several communities for blind Linux and open source users. There is the <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/blinux-list__;!!Db6frn15oIvDD3UI!kVKBeR9jSx5h_ur2CUReqVOM8s8Rp_xbRnhg0_jtox8lsB_kY9ULzoEvtqUPC2E8dMU5VOl2QEGYLKoUHQ-RAZBh70XSDQ$">Blinux</a>, the <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/mail.gnome.org/mailman/listinfo/orca-list__;!!Db6frn15oIvDD3UI!kVKBeR9jSx5h_ur2CUReqVOM8s8Rp_xbRnhg0_jtox8lsB_kY9ULzoEvtqUPC2E8dMU5VOl2QEGYLKoUHQ-RAZCrqqu2fg$">Orca mailing list</a>, the <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.libreoffice.org/get-help/mailing-lists/__;!!Db6frn15oIvDD3UI!kVKBeR9jSx5h_ur2CUReqVOM8s8Rp_xbRnhg0_jtox8lsB_kY9ULzoEvtqUPC2E8dMU5VOl2QEGYLKoUHQ-RAZAqdliS3Q$">LibreOffice Accessibility mailing list</a>, and the <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.debian.org/devel/debian-accessibility/__;!!Db6frn15oIvDD3UI!kVKBeR9jSx5h_ur2CUReqVOM8s8Rp_xbRnhg0_jtox8lsB_kY9ULzoEvtqUPC2E8dMU5VOl2QEGYLKoUHQ-RAZCDEeOBGQ$">Debian Accessibility mailing list</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin:0in;background:white;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased'><span style='font-size:14.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'>Recently, however, there is a new way for all these groups, and sighted developers, to join together with, hopefully, more blind people, more people with other disabilities, and other supporters. This is <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/git.sr.ht/*devinprater/fossability__;fg!!Db6frn15oIvDD3UI!kVKBeR9jSx5h_ur2CUReqVOM8s8Rp_xbRnhg0_jtox8lsB_kY9ULzoEvtqUPC2E8dMU5VOl2QEGYLKoUHQ-RAZAoNtsPrQ$">the Fossability group</a>. This is, for now, a Git repository, mailing list, and Matrix space. It's where we can all make free and open source software, like Linux, LibreOffice, Orca, Odilia, desktop environments, and countless other projects, as useful and accessible as possible.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin:0in;background:white;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased'><span style='font-size:14.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'>Blind people should own the technology they use. We should <em><span style='font-family:Lora'>not</span></em> have to grovel at the feet of sighted people, who have little to know idea what it's like to be blind, for the changes, fixes, and support we need. We should <em><span style='font-family:Lora'>not</span></em> have to wait months for big corporations (corpses), to gather their few accessibility programmers to add HID Braille support to a screen reader. We should <em><span style='font-family:Lora'>not</span></em> have to wait years for our file manager to be as responsive as the rest of the system. We should <em><span style='font-family:Lora'>not</span></em> have to wait a decade for our screen reader to get a basic tutorial, so that new users can learn how to use it. We should <em><span style='font-family:Lora'>not</span></em> have to beg for our text editor to not just support accessibility, but support <strong><span style='font-family:Lora'>choices</span></strong> as to how we want information conveyed. This kind of radical community support requires that blind people are able to contribute up the entire stack, from the kernel to the screen reader. And with Linux, this is entirely possible.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin:0in;background:white;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased'><span style='font-size:14.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'>Now, I'm not saying that sighted people cannot be helpful, it's the exact opposite. Sighted people have designed the GUI that we all use today. Sighted people practically designed all forms of computing. Sighted developers can help because they know graphical toolkits, so can help us fix any accessibility with that. And I'm not trying to demean the ongoing, hard, thankless job of maintaining the Orca screen reader. Again, that's not even the maintainer's job that she gets paid for. However, I do think that if more blind people start using and contributing to Linux and other FOSS projects, even with just support or bug reports, a lot of work will be lifted from sighted people's shoulders.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin:0in;background:white;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased'><span style='font-size:14.5pt;font-family:Lora;color:#111111'>So, let's own our technologies. Let's take back our digital sovereignty! We should be building our own futures, not huge companies with overworked, underpaid and underappreciated, burnt-out and understaffed accessibility engineers. Because while they work on proprietary, closed-off, non-standard solutions, we can build on the shoulders of the giants that have gone before us, like BRLTTY, the CUPS embosser drivers, and so many other projects by the blind, for the blind. And with that, we can make the future of Assistive Technology open, inviting, welcoming, and free!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>David Goldfield,<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Blindness Assistive Technology Specialist<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.freedomscientific.com/Training/Certification__;!!Db6frn15oIvDD3UI!kVKBeR9jSx5h_ur2CUReqVOM8s8Rp_xbRnhg0_jtox8lsB_kY9ULzoEvtqUPC2E8dMU5VOl2QEGYLKoUHQ-RAZCx3vhaYQ$"><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=86 height=86 style='width:.8958in;height:.8958in' id="_x0000_i1028" src="cid:image001.png@01D88677.2554E320" alt="JAWS Certified, 2022"></span></a><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/certification.nvaccess.org/__;!!Db6frn15oIvDD3UI!kVKBeR9jSx5h_ur2CUReqVOM8s8Rp_xbRnhg0_jtox8lsB_kY9ULzoEvtqUPC2E8dMU5VOl2QEGYLKoUHQ-RAZAEvm57BQ$">NVDA Certified Expert</a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Subscribe to the Tech-VI announcement list to receive news, events and information regarding the blindness assistive technology field.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Email: <a href="mailto:tech-vi+subscribe@groups.io">tech-vi+subscribe@groups.io</a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/www.DavidGoldfield.org__;!!Db6frn15oIvDD3UI!kVKBeR9jSx5h_ur2CUReqVOM8s8Rp_xbRnhg0_jtox8lsB_kY9ULzoEvtqUPC2E8dMU5VOl2QEGYLKoUHQ-RAZC-AjHguA$">www.DavidGoldfield.org</a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:white'>_._,_._,_<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><hr size=1 width="100%" align=center></div><p class=MsoNormal>Groups.io Links:<o:p></o:p></p><p>You receive all messages sent to this group. <o:p></o:p></p><p><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/groups.io/g/tech-vi/message/2230__;!!Db6frn15oIvDD3UI!kVKBeR9jSx5h_ur2CUReqVOM8s8Rp_xbRnhg0_jtox8lsB_kY9ULzoEvtqUPC2E8dMU5VOl2QEGYLKoUHQ-RAZDSg6Yylw$" target="_blank">View/Reply Online (#2230)</a> | <a href="mailto:tech-vi@groups.io?subject=Re:%20%5Btech-vi%20Announce%20List%5D%20Excellent%20Article%20by%20Devin%20Prater%3A%20By%20the%20Blind%2C%20For%20the%20Blind" target="_blank">Reply To Group</a> | <a href="mailto:david.goldfield@outlook.com?subject=Private:%20Re:%20%5Btech-vi%20Announce%20List%5D%20Excellent%20Article%20by%20Devin%20Prater%3A%20By%20the%20Blind%2C%20For%20the%20Blind" target="_blank">Reply To Sender</a> | <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/groups.io/mt/91934355/634__;!!Db6frn15oIvDD3UI!kVKBeR9jSx5h_ur2CUReqVOM8s8Rp_xbRnhg0_jtox8lsB_kY9ULzoEvtqUPC2E8dMU5VOl2QEGYLKoUHQ-RAZB4N316zw$" target="_blank">Mute This Topic</a> | <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/groups.io/g/tech-vi/post__;!!Db6frn15oIvDD3UI!kVKBeR9jSx5h_ur2CUReqVOM8s8Rp_xbRnhg0_jtox8lsB_kY9ULzoEvtqUPC2E8dMU5VOl2QEGYLKoUHQ-RAZCDuOIVig$">New Topic</a><br><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/groups.io/g/tech-vi/editsub/634__;!!Db6frn15oIvDD3UI!kVKBeR9jSx5h_ur2CUReqVOM8s8Rp_xbRnhg0_jtox8lsB_kY9ULzoEvtqUPC2E8dMU5VOl2QEGYLKoUHQ-RAZA-6BTnQA$">Your Subscription</a> | <a href="mailto:tech-vi+owner@groups.io">Contact Group Owner</a> | <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/groups.io/g/tech-vi/leave/9375870/634/793140225/xyzzy__;!!Db6frn15oIvDD3UI!kVKBeR9jSx5h_ur2CUReqVOM8s8Rp_xbRnhg0_jtox8lsB_kY9ULzoEvtqUPC2E8dMU5VOl2QEGYLKoUHQ-RAZAOJr4ZMg$">Unsubscribe</a> [Tonia.Gatton@ky.gov]<o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:white'>_._,_._,_<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></body></html>