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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/washington-seminar/washington-seminar-priorities/fact-sheet-access" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14561">Fact Sheet: Access Technology Affordability Act</a>
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<li class="menu__item menu__item--frequently-asked-questions-for-the--access-technology-affordability-act-ataa">
<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/washington-seminar/washington-seminar-priorities/ataa-faq" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14584">Frequently Asked Questions for the Access Technology Affordability Act (ATAA)</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/washington-seminar/washington-seminar-agenda/fact-sheet-medical-device" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14562">Fact Sheet: Medical Device Nonvisual Accessibility Act</a>
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<li class="menu__item menu__item--frequently-asked-questions-for-the--medical-device-nonvisual-accessibility-act-mdna">
<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/washington-seminar/washington-seminar-priorities/mdna-faq" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14585">Frequently Asked Questions for the Medical Device Nonvisual Accessibility Act (MDNA)</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/washington-seminar/washington-seminar-agenda/fact-sheet-accessible-websites-act" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14560">Fact Sheet: Twenty-First Century Mobile Apps and Website Accessibility Act</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/washington-seminar/washington-seminar-priorities/twenty-first-web-faq" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14586">Frequently Asked Questions for the Twenty-First Century Mobile Apps and Website Accessibility Act</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/washington-seminar/washington-seminar-priorities/fact-sheet-voting-act" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14563">Fact Sheet: Americans with Disabilities Voting Rights Act</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/washington-seminar/washington-seminar-priorities/voting-act-faq" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14587">Frequently Asked Questions for the Americans with Disabilities Voting Rights Act</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/washington-seminar/2021-washington-seminar-agenda" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14575">2021 Washington Seminar Agenda</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/washington-seminar/2021-washington-seminar-agenda/seminario-de" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14592">Seminario de Washington 2021 (Spanish Washington Seminar)</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/washington-seminar/archive" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3845">Archive</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/advocacy-resources" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3799">Advocacy Resources</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/advocacy-resources/blind-parents-essential-guide-effective-communication" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14636">A Blind Parent’s Essential Guide to Effective Communication from Public and Private Schools</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/advocacy-resources/blind-parents-essential-guide-effective-0" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14701">Guía indispensable para padres ciegos para la comunicación efectiva con escuelas públicas y privadas</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/advocacy-resources/self-advocacy-higher-education-toolkit" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3903">Self-Advocacy in Higher Education Toolkit</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/advocacy-resources/self-advocacy-higher-education-toolkit/higher" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3904">Higher Education Toolkit Feedback</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/advocacy-resources/high-stakes-testing-self-advocacy-toolkit" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3910">High-Stakes Testing Self-Advocacy Toolkit</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/advocacy-resources/state-braille-literacy-bills" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3923">State Braille Literacy Bills</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/policy-statements" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3797">Policy Statements</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/policy-statements/letter-senator-murray" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14807">Letter To Senator Murray</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/policy-statements/letter-bobby-scott-chairman" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14808">Letter to Bobby Scott Chairman</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/policy-statements/nfb-comments-fcc-fulfillment-twenty-first-century" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14724">NFB Comments on FCC Fulfillment of the Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act (June 3, 2021)</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/policy-statements/macy-act-objections-proposed-changes" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14817">The Macy Act: Objections & Proposed Changes</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/policy-statements/anil-lewiss-written-testimony-joint-hearing-regarding" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14804">Anil Lewis’s Written Testimony Before A Joint Hearing Regarding The Phase Out of Subminimum Wages</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/nfb-newsline" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3760">NFB-NEWSLINE®</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/nfb-newsline/national-and-international-publications" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3801">National and International Publications</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/nfb-newsline/state-publications" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3802">State Publications</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/education" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14473">Education</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/education/dare-be-remarkable" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14514">Dare to Be Remarkable</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/early-childhood-initiatives" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3764">Early Childhood Initiatives</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/early-childhood-initiatives/bee-archive" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14276">BEE Archive</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/early-childhood-initiatives/early-childhood-application" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3822">Early Childhood Application</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/early-childhood-initiatives/santa-letters" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3823">Santa Letters</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/nfb-bell-academy" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3763">NFB BELL® Academy</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/nfb-bell-academy/past-nfb-bell-academies" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3925">Past NFB BELL® Academies</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/education/nfb-stem2u" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14474">NFB STEM2U</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/education/nfb-stem2u/nfb-stem2u-application" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14475">NFB STEM2U Application</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/national-center-blind-youth-science" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3762">National Center for Blind Youth in Science</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/national-center-blind-youth-science/nfb-eq" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13237">NFB EQ</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/national-center-blind-youth-science/nfb-eq/nfb-eq-application" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3821">NFB EQ Application</a>
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<li class="menu__item menu__item--nfb-eq-faqs">
<a href="/programs-services/national-center-blind-youth-science/nfb-eq/nfb-eq-faqs" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13238">NFB EQ FAQs</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/national-center-blind-youth-science/nfb-eq/nfb-eq-team" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13798">NFB EQ Team</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/education/national-center-blind-youth-science/nfb-eq/en-espanol-solicitud-en" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14640">En Español: Solicitud en línea al NFB EQ</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/national-center-blind-youth-science/nfb-eq/nfb-eq-spanish" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13800">NFB EQ Spanish</a>
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<li class="menu__item menu__item--nfb-eq-faqs-spanish">
<a href="/programs-services/national-center-blind-youth-science/nfb-eq/nfb-eq-faqs-spanish" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13799">NFB EQ FAQs Spanish</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/national-center-blind-youth-science/past-nfb-stem-programs" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13239">Past NFB STEM Programs</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/education/teachers-tomorrow" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14505">Teachers of Tomorrow</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/education/teachers-tomorrow/teachers-tomorrow-application" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14506">Teachers of Tomorrow Application</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/safety-and-support" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14551">Safety & Support</a>
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<a href="/carta-la-national-federation-blind-nfb-de-parte-del-comite-especial" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14682">Carta a la National Federation of the Blind (NFB) de parte del Comité Especial</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/safety-support/safety-and-support-resources" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14694">Safety and Support Resources</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/safety-support/safety-and-support-resources/validating-survivors-standing-ally" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14708">Validating Survivors: Standing by as an Ally</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/safety-support/safety-and-support-resources/just-happened-what-do-i-do-how-report" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14707">“This Just Happened, What do I Do?” How to Report Sexual Abuse and Begin the Healing Process</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/safety-support/letter-nfb-community-special-committee" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14680">Special Committee</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/safety-support/safety-support-upcoming-events" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14652">Safety & Support: Upcoming Events</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/safety-support/safety-support-archives" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14628">Safety & Support Archives</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/scholarships-and-awards/dr-jacob-bolotin-awards" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3803">Dr. Jacob Bolotin Awards</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/scholarships-and-awards/dr-jacob-bolotin-awards/application-information" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3804">Application Information</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/scholarships-and-awards/dr-jacob-bolotin-awards/history" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3805">History</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/scholarships-and-awards/scholarship-program/scholarships" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3816">Scholarships</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/scholarships-and-awards/scholarship-program/scholarship-partners" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3926">Scholarship Partners</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/scholarships-and-awards/scholarship-program/scholarship-program-faqs" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11601">Scholarship Program FAQs</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/scholarships-and-awards/scholarship-program/scholarship-program-application-checklist" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11602">Scholarship Program Application Checklist</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/scholarships-and-awards/blindness-experience-teaching-internship" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5304">Blindness Experience Teaching Internship</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/scholarships-and-awards/blindness-experience-teaching-internship/blindness" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5312">Blindness Experience Teaching Internship Application</a>
</li>
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<a href="/programs-services/scholarships-and-awards/blind-educator-year-award" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3818">Blind Educator of the Year Award</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/scholarships-and-awards/distinguished-educator-blind-students-award" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3819">Distinguished Educator of Blind Students Award</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/legal-program" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3765">Legal Program</a>
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<a href="/legal/surveys" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14802">Surveys</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/legal-program/support-and-resources" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3825">Support and Resources</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/legal-program/rulings-filings-and-letters" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3824">Rulings, Filings, and Letters</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/legal-program/access-covid-19-vaccine-and-testing-survey" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14623">Access to COVID-19 Vaccine and Testing Survey</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/legal-program/rideshare-discrimination-survey" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="webform/rideshare_discrimination_survey">Rideshare Discrimination Survey</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/legal-program/education-technology-survey" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3829">Education Technology Survey</a>
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<a href="/about-us/leadership/presidents-corner/past-presidents/marc-maurer" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3843">Marc Maurer</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--kenneth-jernigan">
<a href="https://nfb.org/images/nfb/publications/books/kj-mmm/kjbook.htm" class="menu__link">Kenneth Jernigan</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--jacobus-tenbroek">
<a href="https://nfb.org/images/nfb/publications/bm/bm06/bm0605/bm060503.htm" class="menu__link">Jacobus tenBroek</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--board-of-directors menu__item--expanded">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3644">Board of Directors</a>
<ul class="menu--main menu--child menu--level-5 menu--level-4 menu menu--level-3">
<li class="menu__item menu__item--pam-allen">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/pam-allen" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3645">Pam Allen</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--denise-avant">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/denise-avant" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3649">Denise Avant</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--everette-bacon">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/everette-bacon" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3650">Everette Bacon</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--ron-brown">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/ron-brown" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3646">Ron Brown</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--amy-buresh">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/amy-buresh" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3651">Amy Buresh</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--shawn-callaway">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/shawn-callaway" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3652">Shawn Callaway</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--norma-crosby">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/norma-crosby" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3653">Norma Crosby</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--john-fritz">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/john-fritz" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3654">John Fritz</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--ever-lee-hairston">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/ever-lee-hairston" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3655">Ever Lee Hairston</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--jeannie-massay">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/jeannie-massay" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3648">Jeannie Massay</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--carla-mcquillan">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/carla-mcquillan" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3657">Carla McQuillan</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--amy-ruell">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/amy-ruell" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3658">Amy Ruell</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--terri-rupp">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/terri-rupp" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11629">Terri Rupp</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--adelmo-vigil">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/adelmo-vigil" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3660">Adelmo Vigil</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--state-affiliates menu__item--expanded">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3617">State Affiliates</a>
<ul class="menu--main menu--child menu--level-5 menu--level-4 menu--level-3 menu menu--level-2">
<li class="menu__item menu__item--alabama">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/alabama" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3665">Alabama</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--alaska">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/alaska" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3666">Alaska</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--arizona">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/arizona" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3667">Arizona</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--arkansas">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/arkansas" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3668">Arkansas</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--california">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/california" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3669">California</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--colorado">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/colorado" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3670">Colorado</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--connecticut">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/connecticut" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3671">Connecticut</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--delaware">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/delaware" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3672">Delaware</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--district-of-columbia">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/district-columbia" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3673">District of Columbia</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--florida">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/florida" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3674">Florida</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--georgia">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/georgia" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3675">Georgia</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--hawaii">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/hawaii" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3676">Hawaii</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--idaho">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/idaho" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3677">Idaho</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--illinois">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/illinois" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3678">Illinois</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--indiana">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/indiana" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3679">Indiana</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--iowa">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/iowa" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3680">Iowa</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--kansas">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/kansas" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3681">Kansas</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--kentucky">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/kentucky" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3682">Kentucky</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--louisiana">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/louisiana" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3683">Louisiana</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--maine">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/maine" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3684">Maine</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--maryland">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/maryland" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3685">Maryland</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--massachusetts">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/massachusetts" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3686">Massachusetts</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--michigan">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/michigan" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3687">Michigan</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--minnesota">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/minnesota" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3688">Minnesota</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--mississippi">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/mississippi" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3689">Mississippi</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--missouri">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/missouri" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3690">Missouri</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--montana">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/montana" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3691">Montana</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--nebraska">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/nebraska" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3692">Nebraska</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--nevada">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/nevada" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3693">Nevada</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--new-hampshire">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/new-hampshire" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3694">New Hampshire</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--new-jersey">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/new-jersey" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3695">New Jersey</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--new-mexico">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/new-mexico" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3696">New Mexico</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--new-york">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/new-york" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3697">New York</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--north-carolina">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/north-carolina" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3698">North Carolina</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--north-dakota">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/north-dakota" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3699">North Dakota</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--ohio">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/ohio" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3700">Ohio</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--oklahoma">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/oklahoma" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3701">Oklahoma</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--oregon">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/oregon" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3702">Oregon</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--pennsylvania">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/pennsylvania" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3703">Pennsylvania</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--puerto-rico">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/puerto-rico" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3704">Puerto Rico</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--rhode-island">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/rhode-island" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3705">Rhode Island</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--south-carolina">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/south-carolina" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3706">South Carolina</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--south-dakota">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/south-dakota" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3707">South Dakota</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--tennessee">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/tennessee" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3708">Tennessee</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--texas">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/texas" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3709">Texas</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--utah">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/utah" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3710">Utah</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--vermont">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/vermont" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3711">Vermont</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--virginia">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/virginia" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3712">Virginia</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--washington">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/washington" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3713">Washington</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--west-virginia">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/west-virginia" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3714">West Virginia</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--wisconsin">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/wisconsin" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3715">Wisconsin</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--wyoming">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/wyoming" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3716">Wyoming</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--national-headquarters menu__item--expanded">
<a href="/about-us/national-headquarters" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3717">National Headquarters</a>
<ul class="menu--main menu--child menu--level-5 menu--level-4 menu--level-3 menu menu--level-2">
<li class="menu__item menu__item--executive-directors">
<a href="/about-us/national-headquarters/executive-directors" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3661">Executive Directors</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--divisions-committees-and-groups menu__item--expanded">
<a href="/about-us/divisions-committees-and-groups" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3720">Divisions, Committees, and Groups</a>
<ul class="menu--main menu--child menu--level-5 menu--level-4 menu--level-3 menu menu--level-2">
<li class="menu__item menu__item--divisions">
<a href="/about-us/divisions-committees-and-groups/divisions" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3721">Divisions</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--committees">
<a href="/about-us/divisions-committees-and-groups/committees" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3722">Committees</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--groups">
<a href="/about-us/divisions-committees-and-groups/groups" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3723">Groups</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--training-centers">
<a href="/about-us/training-centers" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3724">Training Centers</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--history-and-governance menu__item--expanded">
<a href="/about-us/history-and-governance" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3625">History and Governance</a>
<ul class="menu--main menu--child menu--level-5 menu--level-4 menu--level-3 menu menu--level-2">
<li class="menu__item menu__item--constitution">
<a href="/about-us/history-and-governance/constitution" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3725">Constitution</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--timeline-of-the-organized-blind-movement">
<a href="/about-us/history-and-governance/timeline-organized-blind-movement" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3874">Timeline of the Organized Blind Movement</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--building-the-lives-we-want">
<a href="/about-us/history-and-governance/building-lives-we-want" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3840">Building the Lives We Want</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--code-of-conduct menu__item--expanded">
<a href="/about-us/history-and-governance/code-conduct" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3732">Code of Conduct</a>
<ul class="menu--main menu--child menu--level-5 menu--level-4 menu menu--level-3">
<li class="menu__item menu__item--code-of-conduct-complaint-report-form">
<a href="/about-us/history-and-governance/code-conduct/code-conduct-complaint-report-form" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14589">Code of Conduct Complaint Report Form</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--code-of-conduct-frequently-asked-questions">
<a href="/about-us/history-and-governance/code-conduct/code-conduct-frequently-asked-questions" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14631">Code of Conduct Frequently Asked Questions</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--guidance-on-obligations-of-elected-leaders-to-share-critical-information-related-to-code-of-conduct">
<a href="/about-us/history-and-governance/code-conduct/guidance-obligations-elected-leaders-share-critical" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14669">Guidance on Obligations of Elected Leaders to Share Critical Information Related to Code of Conduct</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--partners">
<a href="/about-us/partners" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3628">Partners</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--press-room menu__item--expanded">
<a href="/about-us/press-room" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3627">Press Room</a>
<ul class="menu--main menu--child menu--level-5 menu--level-4 menu--level-3 menu menu--level-2">
<li class="menu__item menu__item--nfb-in-the-news">
<a href="/about-us/press-room/nfb-news" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3727">NFB in the News</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--psas">
<a href="/about-us/press-room/psas" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3726">PSAs</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--annual-report-and-financials menu__item--expanded">
<a href="/about-us/annual-report-and-financials" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3728">Annual Report and Financials</a>
<ul class="menu--main menu--child menu--level-5 menu--level-4 menu--level-3 menu menu--level-2">
<li class="menu__item menu__item--_019-annual-report menu__item--expanded">
<a href="/about-us/annual-report-and-financials/2019-annual-report" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14342">2019 Annual Report</a>
<ul class="menu--main menu--child menu--level-5 menu--level-4 menu menu--level-3">
<li class="menu__item menu__item--_019-donors">
<a href="/about-us/annual-report-and-financials/2019-annual-report/2019-donors" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14343">2019 Donors</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--_020-annual-report">
<a href="/about-us/annual-report-and-financials/2020-annual-report" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14814">2020 Annual Report</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--year-in-review-2020">
<a href="/about-us/annual-report-and-financials/year-review-2020" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14638">Year in Review (2020)</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--career-opportunities menu__item--expanded">
<a href="/about-us/career-opportunities" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3629">Career Opportunities</a>
<ul class="menu--main menu--child menu--level-5 menu--level-4 menu--level-3 menu menu--level-2">
<li class="menu__item menu__item--braille-proofing-and-production-specialist">
<a href="/about-us/career-opportunities/braille-proofing-and-production-specialist" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11559">Braille Proofing and Production Specialist</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--digital-communications-coordinator">
<a href="/about-us/career-opportunities/digital-communications-coordinator" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14564">Digital Communications Coordinator</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--executive-assistant---operations-department">
<a href="/about-us/career-opportunities/executive-assistant-operations-department" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14726">Executive Assistant - Operations Department</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--operations-specialist-nfb-newsline®-a-service-of-the-national-federation-of-the-blind">
<a href="/about-us/career-opportunities/operations-specialist-nfb-newsliner-service-national-federation-blind" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14630">Operations Specialist NFB-NEWSLINE®: A Service of the National Federation of the Blind</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--contact-us">
<a href="/about-us/contact-us" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5">Contact Us</a>
</li>
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<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-nfb-header-mobile-navigation-menu" id="block-nfb-header-mobile-navigation" class="block block-menu navigation menu--header">
<h2 id="block-nfb-header-mobile-navigation-menu">Quicklinks</h2>
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<li class="menu__item menu__item--survivor-support">
<a href="https://www.nfb.org/programs-services/safety-and-support" class="menu__link">Survivor Support</a>
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<h1 class="page-title"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">A Positive Step Forward: Update on the Issues I had While Trying to Participate in a Vaccine Trial</span>
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<h1 class="page-title--blog-post"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">A Positive Step Forward: Update on the Issues I had While Trying to Participate in a Vaccine Trial</span>
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<div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item"><time datetime="2021-08-16T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Monday, August 16, 2021</time>
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<div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p><img alt="Chris Sabine " data-entity-type="" data-entity-uuid="" height="331" src="/sites/nfb.org/files/2021-08/seven%20-%20utility%20biography%20photo.JPG" width="441" class="align-right" />In April 2020, at the onset of the pandemic, I applied to participate in a clinical trial of a promising vaccine candidate for the emerging COVID-19 virus. As a member of the National Federation of the Blind (NFB), business owner and child of aging parents, I felt obligated to do my part to contribute to mitigating a virus that had so far claimed thousands of lives and essentially placed our economy and society on hold.</p>
<p>On July 30, 2020, following the US Food and Drug Administration’s approval of the Pfizer - BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate for Phase III clinical trials, I received a call from a recruiter at the Gamble Vaccine Research Center at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), the local research site to which I had applied, informing me that I was eligible to take part in their trial. </p>
<p>While reviewing my qualifications to participate with the hospital, I explained that I needed reasonable accommodations because I am blind. After a week of emails between me, the recruiter, and staff managing the trial, I received a message stating that it would be best for me not to take part in the trial. The notice insinuated that several tasks necessary for participants to complete, such as taking body temperature and reporting symptoms, required sight.</p>
<p>I eventually filed a complaint with the Office of Civil Rights of the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) alleging discrimination based on my blindness, and on September 24, the NFB joined my complaint. In December, I received a notice from DHHS stating that my case was being investigated for potential violation of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act of 2010. These laws require health care providers and others receiving federal funds to make reasonable modifications to allow people with disabilities to participate in their programs, activities, or services; both laws applied in my case.</p>
<p>The investigator in charge of my case interviewed me and spoke with a senior attorney at CCHMC who was responsible for compliance. Through this process, it was found that the selection criteria for participation in the clinical trial had changed when the FDA approved the vaccine candidate to only include those with underlying health conditions or health care workers. That information was never communicated to the recruiter who reached out to me. Since I fit neither category, the recruiter should have never called me in the first place. [Even so, the low expectations of the recruiter would have excluded me from participating and that is inexcusable.</p>
<p>The compliance attorney for CCHMC conceded that the research and recruitment staff showed poor communication with me regarding my participation in the study, and he agreed to work with me to modify their policies to better accommodate blind participants in future clinical trials. After consulting with members of my NFB affiliate and negotiating with the compliance attorney at CCHMC, I was given the opportunity to prepare and organize a professional in-service training on best practices for including blind people in clinical trials.</p>
<p>The training consisted of an overview of the alternative techniques blind people use to accomplish tasks necessary to participate in a clinical trial and perform other daily activities, such as Braille, the white cane, and assistive technology. Information on resources to accommodate blind research participants as well as patients and family members was also provided to clinical and family relations staff at CCHMC. <br />
<br />
On July 21, 2021, I received notice from DHHS that my case was officially resolved. Our NFB affiliate and I plan to continue to work with the hospital on accessibility initiatives in the future and help CCHMC to improve access to materials and information for members of the blind community.</p>
<p>I was surprised and thrilled to hear our efforts recognized by President Mark Riccobono during his 2021 Presidential Report at national convention. It is empowering and humbling to realize that my efforts have played a role in helping the blind of this country truly live the lives they want.</p>
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