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<a href="/programs-services/center-excellence-nonvisual-access/national-center-nonvisual-election-6" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3938">Message from the Executive Director</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/center-excellence-nonvisual-access/national-center-nonvisual-election-7" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3939">Full Curriculum, Videos, and Machines</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3619">Advocacy</a>
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<a href="/washington-seminar-packet" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14588">2021 Washington Seminar Virtual Packet</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/washington-seminar/washington-seminar-priorities" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3928">Washington Seminar Priorities</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/washington-seminar/washington-seminar-priorities/fact-sheet-access" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14561">Fact Sheet: Access Technology Affordability Act</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/washington-seminar/washington-seminar-priorities/ataa-faq" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14584">Frequently Asked Questions for the Access Technology Affordability Act (ATAA)</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/washington-seminar/washington-seminar-agenda/fact-sheet-medical-device" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14562">Fact Sheet: Medical Device Nonvisual Accessibility Act</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/washington-seminar/washington-seminar-priorities/mdna-faq" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14585">Frequently Asked Questions for the Medical Device Nonvisual Accessibility Act (MDNA)</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/washington-seminar/washington-seminar-priorities/twenty-first-web-faq" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14586">Frequently Asked Questions for the Twenty-First Century Mobile Apps and Website Accessibility Act</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/washington-seminar/washington-seminar-priorities/fact-sheet-voting-act" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14563">Fact Sheet: Americans with Disabilities Voting Rights Act</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/washington-seminar/washington-seminar-priorities/voting-act-faq" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14587">Frequently Asked Questions for the Americans with Disabilities Voting Rights Act</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/washington-seminar/2021-washington-seminar-agenda" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14575">2021 Washington Seminar Agenda</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/washington-seminar/2021-washington-seminar-agenda/seminario-de" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14592">Seminario de Washington 2021 (Spanish Washington Seminar)</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/advocacy-resources" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3799">Advocacy Resources</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/advocacy-resources/blind-parents-essential-guide-effective-communication" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14636">A Blind Parent’s Essential Guide to Effective Communication from Public and Private Schools</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/advocacy-resources/blind-parents-essential-guide-effective-0" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14701">Guía indispensable para padres ciegos para la comunicación efectiva con escuelas públicas y privadas</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/advocacy-resources/faqs-total-permanent-disability-tpd-student-loan" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14871">FAQs of Total Permanent Disability (TPD) Student Loan Discharge Program</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/advocacy-resources/general-summary-and-faqs-total-permanent-disability" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14872">General Summary and FAQs of Total Permanent Disability (TPD) Student Loan Discharge Program</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/advocacy-resources/self-advocacy-higher-education-toolkit" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3903">Self-Advocacy in Higher Education Toolkit</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/advocacy-resources/self-advocacy-higher-education-toolkit/higher" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3904">Higher Education Toolkit Feedback</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/advocacy-resources/high-stakes-testing-self-advocacy-toolkit" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3910">High-Stakes Testing Self-Advocacy Toolkit</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/advocacy-resources/state-braille-literacy-bills" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3923">State Braille Literacy Bills</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/policy-statements" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3797">Policy Statements</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/policy-statements/letter-senator-murray" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14807">Letter To Senator Murray</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/policy-statements/letter-bobby-scott-chairman" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14808">Letter to Bobby Scott Chairman</a>
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<li class="menu__item menu__item--letter-to-president-biden-regarding-the-establishment-of-an-interagency-coordinating-council-on-blindness-august-24-2021">
<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/policy-statements/letter-president-biden-regarding-establishment" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14858">Letter to President Biden Regarding the Establishment of an Interagency Coordinating Council on Blindness (August 24, 2021)</a>
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<li class="menu__item menu__item--nfb-comments-on-fcc-fulfillment-of-the-twenty-first-century-communications-and-video-accessibility-act-june-3-2021">
<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/policy-statements/nfb-comments-fcc-fulfillment-twenty-first-century" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14724">NFB Comments on FCC Fulfillment of the Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act (June 3, 2021)</a>
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<li class="menu__item menu__item--the-macy-act-objections--proposed-changes">
<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/policy-statements/macy-act-objections-proposed-changes" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14817">The Macy Act: Objections & Proposed Changes</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/advocacy/policy-statements/anil-lewiss-written-testimony-joint-hearing-regarding" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14804">Anil Lewis’s Written Testimony Before A Joint Hearing Regarding The Phase Out of Subminimum Wages</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/nfb-newsline" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3760">NFB-NEWSLINE®</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/nfb-newsline/state-publications" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3802">State Publications</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/education" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14473">Education</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/education/dare-be-remarkable" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14514">Dare to Be Remarkable</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/early-childhood-initiatives" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3764">Early Childhood Initiatives</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/nfb-bell-academy/past-nfb-bell-academies" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3925">Past NFB BELL® Academies</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/national-center-blind-youth-science" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3762">National Center for Blind Youth in Science</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/national-center-blind-youth-science/nfb-eq/nfb-eq-application" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3821">NFB EQ Application</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/national-center-blind-youth-science/nfb-eq/nfb-eq-faqs" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13238">NFB EQ FAQs</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/national-center-blind-youth-science/nfb-eq/nfb-eq-team" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13798">NFB EQ Team</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/national-center-blind-youth-science/nfb-eq/nfb-eq-spanish" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13800">NFB EQ Spanish</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/national-center-blind-youth-science/nfb-eq/nfb-eq-faqs-spanish" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13799">NFB EQ FAQs Spanish</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/national-center-blind-youth-science/past-nfb-stem-programs" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13239">Past NFB STEM Programs</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/education/teachers-tomorrow" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14505">Teachers of Tomorrow</a>
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<a href="/carta-la-national-federation-blind-nfb-de-parte-del-comite-especial" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14682">Carta a la National Federation of the Blind (NFB) de parte del Comité Especial</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/safety-support/safety-and-support-resources" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14694">Safety and Support Resources</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/safety-support/safety-and-support-resources/validating-survivors-standing-ally" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14708">Validating Survivors: Standing by as an Ally</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/safety-support/safety-and-support-resources/just-happened-what-do-i-do-how-report" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14707">“This Just Happened, What do I Do?” How to Report Sexual Abuse and Begin the Healing Process</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/safety-support/letter-nfb-community-special-committee" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14680">Special Committee</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/safety-support/safety-support-archives" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14628">Safety & Support Archives</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/scholarships-and-awards/dr-jacob-bolotin-awards" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3803">Dr. Jacob Bolotin Awards</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/scholarships-and-awards/dr-jacob-bolotin-awards/application-information" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3804">Application Information</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/scholarships-and-awards/dr-jacob-bolotin-awards/history" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3805">History</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/scholarships-and-awards/scholarship-program/scholarships" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3816">Scholarships</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/scholarships-and-awards/scholarship-program/scholarship-partners" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3926">Scholarship Partners</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/scholarships-and-awards/scholarship-program/scholarship-program-faqs" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11601">Scholarship Program FAQs</a>
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<a href="/programs-services/scholarships-and-awards/scholarship-program/scholarship-program-application-checklist" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11602">Scholarship Program Application Checklist</a>
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<li class="menu__item menu__item--voting-resources">
<a href="/resources/voting-resources" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14436">Voting Resources</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--covid-19-resources menu__item--expanded">
<a href="/resources/covid-19-resources" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14272">COVID-19 Resources</a>
<ul class="menu--main menu--child menu--level-5 menu--level-4 menu menu--level-2">
<li class="menu__item menu__item--cares-act-economic-impact-payments">
<a href="/resources/covid-19-resources/cares-act-economic-impact-payments" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14290">CARES Act Economic Impact Payments</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--state-guidance-for-schools">
<a href="/resources/covid-19-resources/state-guidance-schools" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14300">State Guidance for Schools</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--unemployment-insurance">
<a href="/resources/covid-19-resources/unemployment-insurance" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14304">Unemployment Insurance</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--about-us menu__item--expanded">
<a href="/about-us" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3603">About Us</a>
<ul class="menu--main menu--child menu--level-5 menu--level-4 menu--level-2 menu menu--level-1">
<li class="menu__item menu__item--leadership menu__item--expanded">
<a href="/about-us/leadership" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3624">Leadership</a>
<ul class="menu--main menu--child menu--level-5 menu--level-4 menu menu--level-2">
<li class="menu__item menu__item--presidents-corner menu__item--expanded">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/presidents-corner" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3641">President's Corner</a>
<ul class="menu--main menu--child menu--level-5 menu--level-4 menu menu--level-3">
<li class="menu__item menu__item--mark-a-riccobono">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/presidents-corner/mark-riccobono" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3642">Mark A. Riccobono</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--past-presidents menu__item--expanded">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/presidents-corner/past-presidents" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3643">Past Presidents</a>
<ul class="menu--main menu--child menu--level-5 menu menu--level-4">
<li class="menu__item menu__item--marc-maurer">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/presidents-corner/past-presidents/marc-maurer" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3843">Marc Maurer</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--kenneth-jernigan">
<a href="https://nfb.org/images/nfb/publications/books/kj-mmm/kjbook.htm" class="menu__link">Kenneth Jernigan</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--jacobus-tenbroek">
<a href="https://nfb.org/images/nfb/publications/bm/bm06/bm0605/bm060503.htm" class="menu__link">Jacobus tenBroek</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--board-of-directors menu__item--expanded">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3644">Board of Directors</a>
<ul class="menu--main menu--child menu--level-5 menu--level-4 menu menu--level-3">
<li class="menu__item menu__item--pam-allen">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/pam-allen" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3645">Pam Allen</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--ron-brown">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/ron-brown" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3646">Ron Brown</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--norma-crosby">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/norma-crosby" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3653">Norma Crosby</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--jeannie-massay">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/jeannie-massay" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3648">Jeannie Massay</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--denise-avant">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/denise-avant" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3649">Denise Avant</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--everette-bacon">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/everette-bacon" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3650">Everette Bacon</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--amy-buresh">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/amy-buresh" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3651">Amy Buresh</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--shawn-callaway">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/shawn-callaway" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3652">Shawn Callaway</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--john-fritz">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/john-fritz" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3654">John Fritz</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--ever-lee-hairston">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/ever-lee-hairston" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3655">Ever Lee Hairston</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--carla-mcquillan">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/carla-mcquillan" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3657">Carla McQuillan</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--amy-ruell">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/amy-ruell" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3658">Amy Ruell</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--tracy-soforenko">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/tracy-soforenko" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14873">Tracy Soforenko</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--terri-rupp">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/terri-rupp" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11629">Terri Rupp</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--adelmo-vigil">
<a href="/about-us/leadership/board-directors/adelmo-vigil" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3660">Adelmo Vigil</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--state-affiliates menu__item--expanded">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3617">State Affiliates</a>
<ul class="menu--main menu--child menu--level-5 menu--level-4 menu--level-3 menu menu--level-2">
<li class="menu__item menu__item--alabama">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/alabama" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3665">Alabama</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--alaska">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/alaska" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3666">Alaska</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--arizona">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/arizona" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3667">Arizona</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--arkansas">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/arkansas" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3668">Arkansas</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--california">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/california" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3669">California</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--colorado">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/colorado" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3670">Colorado</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--connecticut">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/connecticut" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3671">Connecticut</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--delaware">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/delaware" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3672">Delaware</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--district-of-columbia">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/district-columbia" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3673">District of Columbia</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--florida">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/florida" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3674">Florida</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--georgia">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/georgia" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3675">Georgia</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--hawaii">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/hawaii" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3676">Hawaii</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--idaho">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/idaho" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3677">Idaho</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--illinois">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/illinois" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3678">Illinois</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--indiana">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/indiana" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3679">Indiana</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--iowa">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/iowa" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3680">Iowa</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--kansas">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/kansas" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3681">Kansas</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--kentucky">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/kentucky" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3682">Kentucky</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--louisiana">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/louisiana" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3683">Louisiana</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--maine">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/maine" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3684">Maine</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--maryland">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/maryland" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3685">Maryland</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--massachusetts">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/massachusetts" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3686">Massachusetts</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--michigan">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/michigan" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3687">Michigan</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--minnesota">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/minnesota" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3688">Minnesota</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--mississippi">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/mississippi" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3689">Mississippi</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--missouri">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/missouri" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3690">Missouri</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--montana">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/montana" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3691">Montana</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--nebraska">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/nebraska" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3692">Nebraska</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--nevada">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/nevada" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3693">Nevada</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--new-hampshire">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/new-hampshire" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3694">New Hampshire</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--new-jersey">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/new-jersey" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3695">New Jersey</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--new-mexico">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/new-mexico" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3696">New Mexico</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--new-york">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/new-york" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3697">New York</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--north-carolina">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/north-carolina" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3698">North Carolina</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--north-dakota">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/north-dakota" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3699">North Dakota</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--ohio">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/ohio" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3700">Ohio</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--oklahoma">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/oklahoma" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3701">Oklahoma</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--oregon">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/oregon" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3702">Oregon</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--pennsylvania">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/pennsylvania" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3703">Pennsylvania</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--puerto-rico">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/puerto-rico" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3704">Puerto Rico</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--rhode-island">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/rhode-island" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3705">Rhode Island</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--south-carolina">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/south-carolina" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3706">South Carolina</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--south-dakota">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/south-dakota" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3707">South Dakota</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--tennessee">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/tennessee" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3708">Tennessee</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--texas">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/texas" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3709">Texas</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--utah">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/utah" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3710">Utah</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--vermont">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/vermont" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3711">Vermont</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--virginia">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/virginia" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3712">Virginia</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--washington">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/washington" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3713">Washington</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--west-virginia">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/west-virginia" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3714">West Virginia</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--wisconsin">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/wisconsin" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3715">Wisconsin</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--wyoming">
<a href="/about-us/state-affiliates/wyoming" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3716">Wyoming</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--national-headquarters menu__item--expanded">
<a href="/about-us/national-headquarters" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3717">National Headquarters</a>
<ul class="menu--main menu--child menu--level-5 menu--level-4 menu--level-3 menu menu--level-2">
<li class="menu__item menu__item--executive-directors">
<a href="/about-us/national-headquarters/executive-directors" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3661">Executive Directors</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--divisions-committees-and-groups menu__item--expanded">
<a href="/about-us/divisions-committees-and-groups" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3720">Divisions, Committees, and Groups</a>
<ul class="menu--main menu--child menu--level-5 menu--level-4 menu--level-3 menu menu--level-2">
<li class="menu__item menu__item--divisions">
<a href="/about-us/divisions-committees-and-groups/divisions" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3721">Divisions</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--committees">
<a href="/about-us/divisions-committees-and-groups/committees" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3722">Committees</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--groups">
<a href="/about-us/divisions-committees-and-groups/groups" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3723">Groups</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--training-centers">
<a href="/about-us/training-centers" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3724">Training Centers</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--history-and-governance menu__item--expanded">
<a href="/about-us/history-and-governance" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3625">History and Governance</a>
<ul class="menu--main menu--child menu--level-5 menu--level-4 menu--level-3 menu menu--level-2">
<li class="menu__item menu__item--constitution">
<a href="/about-us/history-and-governance/constitution" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3725">Constitution</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--timeline-of-the-organized-blind-movement">
<a href="/about-us/history-and-governance/timeline-organized-blind-movement" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3874">Timeline of the Organized Blind Movement</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--building-the-lives-we-want">
<a href="/about-us/history-and-governance/building-lives-we-want" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3840">Building the Lives We Want</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--code-of-conduct menu__item--expanded">
<a href="/about-us/history-and-governance/code-conduct" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3732">Code of Conduct</a>
<ul class="menu--main menu--child menu--level-5 menu--level-4 menu menu--level-3">
<li class="menu__item menu__item--code-of-conduct-complaint-report-form">
<a href="/about-us/history-and-governance/code-conduct/code-conduct-complaint-report-form" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14589">Code of Conduct Complaint Report Form</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--code-of-conduct-frequently-asked-questions">
<a href="/about-us/history-and-governance/code-conduct/code-conduct-frequently-asked-questions" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14631">Code of Conduct Frequently Asked Questions</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--guidance-on-obligations-of-elected-leaders-to-share-critical-information-related-to-code-of-conduct">
<a href="/about-us/history-and-governance/code-conduct/guidance-obligations-elected-leaders-share-critical" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14669">Guidance on Obligations of Elected Leaders to Share Critical Information Related to Code of Conduct</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--partners">
<a href="/about-us/partners" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3628">Partners</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--press-room menu__item--expanded">
<a href="/about-us/press-room" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3627">Press Room</a>
<ul class="menu--main menu--child menu--level-5 menu--level-4 menu--level-3 menu menu--level-2">
<li class="menu__item menu__item--nfb-in-the-news">
<a href="/about-us/press-room/nfb-news" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3727">NFB in the News</a>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--psas">
<a href="/about-us/press-room/psas" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3726">PSAs</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--annual-report-and-financials menu__item--expanded">
<a href="/about-us/annual-report-and-financials" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3728">Annual Report and Financials</a>
<ul class="menu--main menu--child menu--level-5 menu--level-4 menu--level-3 menu menu--level-2">
<li class="menu__item menu__item--_019-annual-report menu__item--expanded">
<a href="/about-us/annual-report-and-financials/2019-annual-report" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14342">2019 Annual Report</a>
<ul class="menu--main menu--child menu--level-5 menu--level-4 menu menu--level-3">
<li class="menu__item menu__item--_019-donors">
<a href="/about-us/annual-report-and-financials/2019-annual-report/2019-donors" class="menu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14343">2019 Donors</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu__item menu__item--_020-annual-report">
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<h1 class="page-title--blog-post"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">On Blindness, Equality, and Achievement: Who Defines Us</span>
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<div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item"><time datetime="2021-10-01T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Friday, October 1, 2021</time>
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<div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p><strong>By: Mark A. Riccobono</strong></p>
<p>Language is a fundamental building block to creating patterns of understanding. For centuries the term “blind” has been used to articulate negative concepts and to identify individuals who, because they possess the characteristic of not being able to see, are assumed to be less capable than others. This began to change in 1940 when we, the blind of the nation, organized a movement to decide for ourselves what our future would be and to redefine blindness by shattering the stereotypes.</p>
<p>Kenneth Jernigan set forth one of the strongest articulations of our understanding about blindness in the 1960s with his reflections on <a href="https://nfb.org/sites/default/files/images/nfb/publications/books/books1/kj07.htm">"A Definition of Blindness"</a>. This understanding has been reframed and restated in many ways including in my own writings. Consider my 2020 banquet speech “<a href="https://nfb.org/resources/speeches-and-reports/banquet-speeches/language-action-and-destiny-lived-experience">Language, Action, and Destiny: The Lived Experience of the Organized Blind Movement.</a>” As I note in that speech, use of the word “blind” is not merely appropriate, it is essential to reflecting the belief that it is respectable to live and compete on terms of equality as a blind person. We use the word “blind” because we reject the outdated notion that blindness is a tragedy that limits the possibilities. For us, the word “blind” has power and meaning. For those who are vision centered, “blind” evokes fear and uncertainty. Language reflects belief, and we will not sell out our beliefs. We, the blind, follow our words with the action of living the lives we want. The result of our persistent and collective action is our shattering of the old meaning of blind and creating a new, stronger, authentic meaning. </p>
<p>People frequently tell me that people know what blind means and it cannot be changed. That is not my experience. I thought I knew what the word “blind” meant until I met the members of the National Federation of the Blind. They demonstrated something different and they helped me own the word and define its meaning in a new way in my own life. When I used the word with confidence and began backing it up with actions—like traveling independently—my confidence and beliefs grew. This was a process of understanding for me and the growth and learning continues even today. I want to help others have that same transformational journey. </p>
<p>People sometimes say to me that when we use the word “blind” it leaves them out because they still have some eyesight. This demonstrates that we have more to do towards creating understanding that blind is a broad definition. We want those experiencing progressive changes in their eyesight to recognize that they have a common interest and bond with other blind people even if they do not yet fully identify with others who are blind. It is in fact the diversity of experiences with blindness that have helped shape our philosophy about living the lives we want as blind people. </p>
<p>I do not think about being blind anymore. It is part of who I am and how I experience the world. Before I embraced blindness as a characteristic and learned the techniques to complete in the world, I thought about what I could or could not see all the time. Lifting that burden gave me the freedom and power to focus my energy on the things I need to do to pursue my own dreams. </p>
<p>October has long been an important month for teaching others about the capacity of blind people. We used to designate it as “Meet the Blind Month.” That work was valuable as it helped us get to be better known in our communities. However, we are rebranding it this year as “Blind Equality Achievement Month” in order to raise the expectations even farther. We want more than to just be met, we want you to stand with us for equality, opportunity, and security. We want our nonblind friends, family, and colleagues to come to know that the definition of blind is best shaped by our lived experience not by the misperceptions of those who have not lived with the characteristic of blindness every day. For those who are not blind, yet, as it certainly may happen if you live long enough, that when that day comes we want you to know that it is a new beginning and not an end.</p>
<p>We, those individuals who identify as blind people and who will not let that one characteristic define our future, have determined to redefine “blind” in the world. We invite you to join us in sharing this new definition, this authentic understanding, so that all blind people may live the lives they want. <br />
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