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<DIV style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri'; COLOR: #000000">
<DIV>Greetings to all!</DIV>
<DIV>See below and share with others.</DIV>
<DIV>What’s next?</DIV>
<DIV>Answer: Whatever you can imagine.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>We care. We share. We grow. We make a difference<BR>Joe Ruffalo,
President
<BR>National Federation of the Blind of New Jersey <BR>973 743
0075<BR>nfbnj1@verizon.net<BR><A
href="http://www.nfbnj.org">www.nfbnj.org</A></DIV>
<DIV>Your old car keys can be keys to literacy for the blind.<BR>Donate your
unwanted vehicle to us by clicking <BR>www.carshelpingtheblind.org <BR>or
call
855 659 9314<BR>*** </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV
style='FONT-SIZE: small; TEXT-DECORATION: none; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri";
FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #000000; FONT-STYLE: normal; DISPLAY: inline'>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt tahoma">
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> DHS Clipping: A blind Facebook engineer is solving one
of
the biggest problems on the internet: figuring out what's in images and
videos</DIV></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style='FONT-SIZE: small; TEXT-DECORATION: none; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri";
FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #000000; FONT-STYLE: normal; DISPLAY: inline'>
<DIV class=WordSection1>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 31.5pt"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR: #333333'>A
blind Facebook engineer is solving one of the biggest problems on the
internet:
figuring out what's in images and videos<o:p></o:p></SPAN></H1>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 5.25pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in;
TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1
lfo2"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: symbol; COLOR: black"><SPAN
style="mso-list: ignore">·<SPAN
style='FONT: 7pt "Times New
Roman"'>
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
black'>Facebook
is working on technologies to help verbalize what is in images, especially
to
help visually impaired users.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 5.25pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in;
TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1
lfo2"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: symbol; COLOR: black"><SPAN
style="mso-list: ignore">·<SPAN
style='FONT: 7pt "Times New
Roman"'>
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR: black'>The
technology may be able to solve other issues, like using artificial
intelligence
to determine appropriate content for people and
advertisers.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 5.25pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in;
TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1
lfo2"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: symbol; COLOR: black"><SPAN
style="mso-list: ignore">·<SPAN
style='FONT: 7pt "Times New
Roman"'>
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
black'>Facebook
engineer Matt King, who is blind, helps lead the
project.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#333333'><A
href="https://www.cnbc.com/michelle-castillo/"><SPAN
style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; COLOR: #2077b6">Michelle Castillo</SPAN></A> |
<SPAN class=twitter-url><A href="https://twitter.com/mishcastillo"><SPAN
style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; COLOR:
#2077b6">@mishcastillo</SPAN></A></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
black'>Published
9:23 AM ET Sat, 20 Jan 2018 <SPAN
class=sourcelogo>CNBC.com</SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"'><A
href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/01/20/facebook-matt-king-profile-blind-engineer-helping-image-recognition.html"><SPAN
style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; COLOR: #2077b6"><IMG id=Picture_x0020_3
border=0
alt="Description: Matt King, an engineer at Facebook."
src="cid:FEBB0181E23A46E996C9A36FF0D8F237@JoeHP" width=530
height=298></SPAN></A><SPAN style="COLOR:
#424858"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'>Source:
Facebook<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'>Matt
King, an engineer at Facebook.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 13.5pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR: #424858'>A
<A
href="https://www.cnbc.com/quotes/?symbol=FB"><SPAN
style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; COLOR: #2077b6">Facebook</SPAN></A> team led
by a
blind engineer may hold the key to one of the most pressing problems on the
internet: Screening images and videos for inappropriate
content.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 13.5pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'>"More
than 2 billion photos are shared across Facebook every single day," Facebook
engineer Matt King said. "That's a situation where a machine-based solution
adds
a lot more value than a human-based solution ever
could."<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 13.5pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'>King's
team is building solutions for visually impaired people on the platform, but
the
technology could eventually be used to identify images and videos that
violate
Facebook's terms of use, or that advertisers want to
avoid.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 13.5pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'>King's
passion stems in part from his own challenges of being a blind
engineer.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 13.5pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'>He
was born with a degenerative eye disease called retinitis pigmentosa. As a
child
King could see fine during the day, but could not see anything at night.
Soon
that progressed to only being able to read with a bright light, then with a
magnification system. He used a closed circuit TV magnification system to
finish
his degree.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 13.5pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'>By
the time he went to work at <A
href="https://www.cnbc.com/quotes/?symbol=IBM"><SPAN
style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; COLOR: #2077b6">IBM</SPAN></A> as an
electrical
engineer in 1989, he had lost all his vision. King started volunteering with
IBM's accessibility projects, working on a screen reader to help visually
impaired people "see" what is on their screens either through audio cues or
a
braille device. IBM eventually developed the first screen reader for a
graphical
interface which worked with its operating system OS/2.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 13.5pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'>One
of the lead researchers noticed King was passionate about the project, so he
asked him to switch to the accessibility team full time in 1998. He
eventually
caught the eye of Facebook, who hired him from IBM in
2015.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 13.5pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'>"What
I was doing was complaining too much," King said. "I just wanted things to
be
better."<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 13.5pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'>King
is used to making the world adapt to him. The avid cyclist competed in the
Atlanta, Sydney, and Athens Paralympic games, and plays the piano. On the
request of his wife and two children, his family remained in Bend, Oregon
after
Facebook hired him. To get to Facebook's Menlo Park office, King hitches a
ride
with friend with a pilot's license who works at
Google.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"'><A
href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/01/20/facebook-matt-king-profile-blind-engineer-helping-image-recognition.html"><SPAN
style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; COLOR: #2077b6"><IMG id=Picture_x0020_2
border=0
alt="Description: Matt King at the 1996 Paralympics in Atlanta, Georgia."
src="cid:25A551B4984940E3A66241223E005E1C@JoeHP" width=530
height=298></SPAN></A><SPAN style="COLOR:
#424858"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'>Matt
King at the 1996 Paralympics in Atlanta, Georgia.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<H4
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 19.5pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; FONT-WEIGHT:
normal; COLOR: #424858'>Automated
alt-text<o:p></o:p></SPAN></H4>
<P
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 13.5pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'>King's
IBM work revolved around creating the Accessible Rich Internet Applications
standards, what he called "the plumbing for accessibility on the
Web."<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 13.5pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'>Now
he works on features to help people with disabilities use Facebook, like
adding
captions on videos or coming up with ways to navigate the site using only
audio
cues.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 13.5pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'>"Anybody
who has any kind of disability can benefit from Facebook," King said. "They
can
develop beneficial connections and understand their disability doesn't have
to
define them, to limit them."<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 13.5pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'>One
of his main projects is "automated alt-text," which describes audibly what
is in
Facebook images.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 13.5pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'>When
automated alt-text <A
title=https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2016/04/using-artificial-intelligence-to-help-blind-people-see-facebook/
href="https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2016/04/using-artificial-intelligence-to-help-blind-people-see-facebook/"><SPAN
style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; COLOR: #2077b6">was launched in April
2016</SPAN></A>, it only available for five languages on the iOS app, and
was
only able to describe 100 basic concepts like whether something was indoors
or
outdoors, what nouns were in the picture, and some basic adjectives like
smiling.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 13.5pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'>Today
it is available in over 29 languages on Facebook on the web, iOS and
Android. It
also has a couple hundred concepts in its repertoire, including over a dozen
more complex activities like sitting, standing, walking, playing a musical
instrument or dancing.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 13.5pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'>"The
things people post most frequently kind of has a limited vocabulary
associated
with it," King said. "It makes it possible for us to have one of those
situations where if you can tackle 20 percent of the solution, it tackles 80
percent of the problem. It's getting that last 20 percent which is a lot of
work, but we're getting there."<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<H4
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 15pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 19.5pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; FONT-WEIGHT:
normal; COLOR: #424858'>Using
artificial intelligence to see<o:p></o:p></SPAN></H4>
<P
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 13.5pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'>Though
automatic alt-text is configured for blind and low vision users, solving for
image recognition issues with artificial intelligence can benefit
everyone.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 13.5pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'>In
December 2017, Facebook pushed an automatic alt-text update that used facial
recognition to help visually impaired people <A
title=https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2017/12/managing-your-identity-on-facebook-with-face-recognition-technology/
href="https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2017/12/managing-your-identity-on-facebook-with-face-recognition-technology/"><SPAN
style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; COLOR: #2077b6">find out who is in
photos</SPAN></A>. That technology can also help all users find photos of
themselves they were not tagged in, and identify fraudsters who use a
person's
photo as their profile picture without permission.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 13.5pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'>Allowing
technology to "see" images may also help identify if content is safe for all
users or if it's okay to advertise on. <A
href="https://www.cnbc.com/2017/03/20/google-online-advertising-adjacency-problem.html"><SPAN
style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; COLOR: #2077b6">Content adjacency</SPAN></A> —
or
the images and videos that ads appear next to — has become a big issue for
advertisers after reports <A
href="https://www.cnbc.com/2017/03/20/google-stock-downgraded-to-hold-on-ad-fears.html"><SPAN
style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; COLOR: #2077b6">showed ads running next to
inappropriate content on YouTube</SPAN></A>.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 13.5pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'>The
issue arises because it's not easy for computer programs to understand
context,
said Integral Ad Science (IAS) chief product officer David Hahn. Software
has a
hard time telling if an image of a swastika is on a Wikipedia page about the
topic, part of a story on Nazism or on a flag being marched around in a
protest,
he said. It gets even more complicated when advertisers and their needs are
involved: they amy want to advertise against a movie trailer that contains
violence but not next to real-world violence from a
protest.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 13.5pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'>Most
image recognition tech relies on terms called metadata, which are tagged to
the
image called, metadata and other clues like text or audio on the page, Hahn
said. Video is typically analyzed by taking a random sample of still images
from
the clip and examining them to determine if it's the video is okay
overall.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 13.5pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'>"There
are varying degrees of accuracy and sophistication," Hahn said. It takes a
lot
of different treatments on images or text. There's not one source or one
perspective that should be taken as gospel."<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 13.5pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'>Facebook's
automated alt-text still relies on a staff of people telling the technology
what
certain images are, Facebook's King explained. But the machine's algorithms
and
recall rate — the frequency with which images are positively identified — is
improving. And as it begins to understand more about context, it's getting
closer to a day where it will need little to no human help.</SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 13.5pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt;
MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in; user-select: text"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR:
#424858'></SPAN> </P>
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