[NFBofSC] Black history that hhappen you might not know about:

[Ernest Gallman]

Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little, later Malik el-Shabazz; May 19, 1925 – 
February 21, 1965) was an  American  Muslim  minister and  human rights 
activist  who was a prominent figure during the  civil rights movement 
. A spokesman for the  Nation of Islam  until 1964, he was a vocal 
advocate for Black empowerment and the promotion of  Islam  within the 
Black community. A posthumous  autobiography , on which he collaborated 
with  Alex Haley , was published in 1965.
Malcolm spent his adolescence living in a series of  foster homes  or 
with relatives after his father's death and his mother's 
hospitalization. He committed various  crimes, being sentenced to 10 
years in prison in 1946 for  larceny  and  burglary . In prison he 
joined the  Nation of Islam  (adopting the name Malcolm X to symbolize 
his unknown African ancestral surname while discarding  "the White  
slavemaster name  of 'Little'"), and after his parole in 1952 quickly 
became one of the organization's most  influential leaders. He was the 
public face of the organization for 12 years, advocating Black  
empowerment and  separation of Black and White Americans , and 
criticizing  Martin Luther King Jr.  and the mainstream civil rights 
movement for its emphasis on nonviolence and  racial integration . [2] 
[3]  Malcolm X also expressed pride in some of the Nation's social 
welfare achievements, such as its  free  drug rehabilitation  program. 
Throughout his life, beginning in the 1950s, Malcolm X was subjected to 
surveillance by  the  Federal Bureau of Investigation  (FBI).
In the 1960s, Malcolm X began to grow disillusioned with the Nation of 
Islam, as well as with its  leader,  Elijah Muhammad . He subsequently 
embraced  Sunni Islam  and the civil rights movement after completing 
the  Hajj  to  Mecca , and became known as " el-Hajj  Malik 
el-Shabazz". After a brief period of travel across Africa, he publicly 
renounced the Nation  of Islam and founded the Islamic  Muslim Mosque, 
Inc.  (MMI) and the  Pan-African Organization of Afro-American Unity  
(OAAU). Throughout 1964, his conflict with the Nation of Islam 
intensified, and he was repeatedly  sent death threats. On February 21, 
1965, he was assassinated in New York City. Three Nation  members were 
charged with the murder and given  indeterminate life sentences ; in 
2021, two of the convictions were vacated. Speculation about the 
assassination and whether it  was conceived or aided by leading or 
additional members of the Nation, or with law enforcement  agencies, 
has persisted for decades.
A controversial figure accused of preaching  racism  and violence, 
Malcolm X is also a widely celebrated figure within African-American 
and Muslim  American communities for his pursuit of racial justice. He 
was posthumously honored with  Malcolm X Day , on which he is 
commemorated in various cities across the United States. Hundreds of 
streets and  schools in the U.S. have been renamed in his honor, while 
the  Audubon Ballroom , the site of his assassination, was partly 
redeveloped in 2005 to accommodate the  Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz 
Memorial and Educational Center .