<html class="apple-mail-supports-explicit-dark-mode"><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body dir="auto"><div dir="ltr"><base href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving"><style id="print"></style><title>Thanksgiving - Wikipedia</title><div class="original-url"><br><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving</a><br><br></div><div id="article" role="article" style="-webkit-locale: &quot;en&quot;; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; font-family: -apple-system-font; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" class="system exported">

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<div role="note" style="font-style: italic; max-width: 100%;">This article is about the holiday in general. For the specific national holidays, see <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(Canada)" title="Thanksgiving (Canada)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Thanksgiving (Canada)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Thanksgiving (United States)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(disambiguation)" title="Thanksgiving (disambiguation)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Thanksgiving (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

<div role="note" style="font-style: italic; max-width: 100%;">"Turkey Day" redirects here. For the Turkish Republic Day, see <a href="/wiki/Republic_Day_(Turkey)" title="Republic Day (Turkey)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Republic Day (Turkey)</a>.</div>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">Thanksgiving is a national <a href="/wiki/Holiday" title="Holiday" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">holiday</a> celebrated on various dates in October and November in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Saint Lucia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Liberia</a>, and unofficially in countries like Germany. It is also observed in the Australian territory of <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Norfolk Island</a>. It began as a day of giving thanks for the blessings of the <a href="/wiki/Harvest" title="Harvest" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">harvest</a> and of the preceding year. Various similarly named <a href="/wiki/Harvest_festival" title="Harvest festival" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">harvest festival</a> holidays occur throughout the world during autumn. Although Thanksgiving has historical roots in religious and cultural traditions, it has long been celebrated as a <a href="/wiki/Secularity" title="Secularity" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">secular</a> holiday as well.

</p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"></p><h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em; max-width: 100%;">History</h2><p></p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">Prayers of thanks and special thanksgiving ceremonies are common among most <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">religions</a> after harvests and at other times of the year.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>1<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> The Thanksgiving holiday's history in North America is rooted in English traditions dating from the Protestant <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Reformation</a>. It also has aspects of a <a href="/wiki/Harvest_festival" title="Harvest festival" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">harvest festival</a>, even though the harvest in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">New England</a> occurs well before the late-November date on which the modern Thanksgiving holiday is celebrated.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>1<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>2<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">In the English tradition, days of thanksgiving and special thanksgiving religious services became important during the <a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">English Reformation</a> in the reign of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Henry VIII</a>.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>3<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> Before 1536 there were 95 Church holidays, plus every Sunday, when people were required to <a href="/wiki/Church_attendance" title="Church attendance" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">attend church</a> and forego work. Though the 1536 reforms in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Church of England</a> reduced the number of holidays in the <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_calendar" title="Liturgical calendar" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">liturgical calendar</a> to 27, the <a href="/wiki/Puritan" title="Puritan" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Puritan</a> party in the Anglican Church wished to eliminate all Church holidays apart from the weekly <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Day" title="Lord's Day" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Lord's Day</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_feast" title="Evangelical feast" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">evangelical feasts</a> of <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Christmas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Easter</a> (cf. <i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Puritan_Sabbatarianism" title="Puritan Sabbatarianism" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Puritan Sabbatarianism</a></i>).<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>3<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> The holidays were to be replaced by specially called <a href="/wiki/Days_of_humiliation_and_thanksgiving" title="Days of humiliation and thanksgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Days of Fasting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Days_of_humiliation_and_thanksgiving" title="Days of humiliation and thanksgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Days of Thanksgiving</a>, in response to events that the Puritans viewed as acts of <a href="/wiki/Divine_providence" title="Divine providence" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">special providence</a>. Unexpected disasters or threats of judgement from on high called for Days of Fasting.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>4<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>3<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Special blessings, viewed as coming from God, called for Days of Thanksgiving, which were observed through Christian <a href="/wiki/Church_service" title="Church service" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">church services</a> and other gatherings.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>3<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> For example, Days of Thanksgiving were called following the victory over the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada" title="Spanish Armada" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Spanish Armada</a> in 1588 and following the deliverance of <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Queen Anne</a> in 1605.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>4<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> An unusual annual Day of Thanksgiving began in 1606 following the failure of the <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_Plot" title="Gunpowder Plot" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Gunpowder Plot</a> in 1605 and developed into <a href="/wiki/Guy_Fawkes_Day" title="Guy Fawkes Day" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Guy Fawkes Day</a> on November 5.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>4<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> Days of Fasting were called on account of plagues in 1604 and 1622, drought in 1611, and floods in 1613. Annual Thanksgiving prayers were dictated by the charter of English settlers upon their safe landing in America in 1619 at <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Hundred" title="Berkeley Hundred" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Berkeley Hundred</a> in Virginia.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>5<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;">In Canada</h3><p></p>

<div role="note" style="font-style: italic; max-width: 100%;">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(Canada)" title="Thanksgiving (Canada)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Thanksgiving (Canada)</a></div>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">According to some historians, the first celebration of Thanksgiving in North America occurred during the 1578 voyage of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Frobisher" title="Martin Frobisher" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Martin Frobisher</a> from England in search of the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage" title="Northwest Passage" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Northwest Passage</a>.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>6<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> Other researchers, however, state that "there is no compelling narrative of the origins of the Canadian Thanksgiving day."<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>7<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Antecedents for Thanksgiving in Canada are also sometimes traced to the French settlers who came to <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">New France</a> in the 17th century, who celebrated their successful harvests. The French settlers in the area typically had feasts at the end of the harvest season. They continued throughout the winter season, even sharing food with the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">indigenous peoples</a> of the area.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>8<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">As settlers arrived in Nova Scotia from New England after 1700, late autumn Thanksgiving celebrations became commonplace. New immigrants into the country\u2014such as the Irish, Scottish, and Germans\u2014also added their own traditions to the harvest celebrations. Most of the U.S. aspects of Thanksgiving (such as the turkey) were incorporated when <a href="/wiki/United_Empire_Loyalist" title="United Empire Loyalist" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">United Empire Loyalists</a> began to <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Loyalists" title="Expulsion of the Loyalists" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">flee from the United States</a> during and after the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">American Revolution</a> and settled in Canada.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>8<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">In 1859, the government of the provinces of Canada declared a Thanksgiving Day in which "all Canadians [were asked] to spend the holiday in 'public and solemn' recognition of God's mercies."<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>9<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> On 9 October 1879, Canada's Governor General, the <a href="/wiki/Marquis_of_Lorne" title="Marquis of Lorne" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Marquis of Lorne</a>, declared November 6 as "a day of General Thanksgiving to Almighty God for the bountiful harvest with which Canada has been blessed."<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>9<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> The Canadian Parliament on 31 January 1957 applied the same language in its proclamation for the modern holiday: "A Day of General Thanksgiving to Almighty God for the bountiful harvest with which Canada has been blessed\u2014to be observed on the second Monday in October."<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>10<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;">In the United States</h3><p></p>

<div role="note" style="font-style: italic; max-width: 100%;">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Thanksgiving (United States)</a></div>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">An annual thanksgiving holiday tradition in North American colonies is documented for the first time in 1619, in what is now called the Commonwealth of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Virginia</a>. Thirty-eight English settlers aboard the ship <i style="max-width: 100%;">Margaret</i> arrived by way of the James River at <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Hundred" title="Berkeley Hundred" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Berkeley Hundred</a> in <a href="/wiki/Charles_City_County,_Virginia" title="Charles City County, Virginia" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Charles City County, Virginia</a> on December 4, 1619. The landing was immediately followed by a religious celebration, specifically dictated by the group's charter from the <a href="/wiki/London_Company" title="London Company" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">London Company</a>. The charter declared, "that the day of our ships arrival at the place assigned for plantation in the land of Virginia shall be yearly and perpetually kept holy as a day of thanksgiving to Almighty God."<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>11<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>5<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> Since the mid 20th century, the original celebration has been commemorated there annually at present-day <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Plantation" title="Berkeley Plantation" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Berkeley Plantation</a>, ancestral home of the <a href="/wiki/Harrison_family_of_Virginia" title="Harrison family of Virginia" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Harrison family of Virginia</a>.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>12<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">The more familiar but historically inaccurate explanation of the origins of the Thanksgiving holiday involves the <a href="/wiki/Pilgrims_(Plymouth_Colony)" title="Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Pilgrims</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Puritans</a> who emigrated from England in the 1620s and 1630s.  They brought their previous tradition of <a href="/wiki/Days_of_humiliation_and_thanksgiving" title="Days of humiliation and thanksgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">days of humiliation and thanksgiving</a> (both of which involved <a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">fasting</a>) with them to <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">New England</a>. A multi-day festival in 1621 in <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Plymouth Colony</a> was prompted by a good harvest, though it was not at the time described as a thanksgiving. The <a href="/wiki/Wampanoag" title="Wampanoag" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Wampanoag</a>, who had a mutual defense treaty with the colonists, responded in alarm to sounds of ceremonial gunfire, and were welcomed to join the feast. Along with the <a href="/wiki/Squanto" title="Squanto" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">last surviving Patuxet</a>, the Wampanoag had helped them get through the previous winter by giving them food in that time of scarcity, in exchange for an alliance and protection against the rival <a href="/wiki/Narragansett_people" title="Narragansett people" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Narragansett tribe</a>.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>13<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Several celebrations were held in early New England history that have been identified as the "First Thanksgiving", including Pilgrim festivals in Plymouth in 1621 and 1623, and a Puritan holiday in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Boston</a> in 1631.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>14<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>15<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> Now called <i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/3_October_Festival" title="3 October Festival" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">3 Oktoberfeest</a>,</i> Leiden's autumn thanksgiving celebration in 1617 was the occasion for sectarian disturbance that appears to have accelerated the Pilgrims' plans to emigrate to America.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>16<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> The 1621 Plymouth celebration was largely forgotten for hundreds of years and did not contribute to the development of the American holiday. It was retroactively termed "the first Thanksgiving" in a footnote added to an 1841 book by Alexander Young, and the Pilgrim story was then later incorporated into celebrations of the holiday.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>17<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Later in New England, religious thanksgiving services were declared by civil leaders such as <a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_(Plymouth_governor)" title="William Bradford (Plymouth governor)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Governor Bradford</a>, who planned the Plymouth colony's thanksgiving celebration and feast in 1623.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>18<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>19<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>20<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> The practice of holding an annual harvest festival did not become a regular affair in New England until the late 1660s.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>21<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Thanksgiving proclamations were made mostly by church leaders in New England up until 1682, and then by both state and church leaders until after the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">American Revolution</a>. During the revolutionary period, political influences affected the issuance of Thanksgiving proclamations. Various proclamations were made by <a href="/wiki/Royal_colony" title="Royal colony" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">royal governors</a>, and conversely by <a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">patriot</a> leaders, such as <a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">John Hancock</a>, General <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">George Washington</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Continental Congress</a>,<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>22<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> each giving thanks to God for events favorable to their causes.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>23<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> As the first President of the United States, George Washington proclaimed the first nationwide thanksgiving celebration in America marking November 26, 1789, "as a day of public thanksgiving and prayer, to be observed by acknowledging with grateful hearts the many and signal favours of Almighty God",<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>24<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> and calling on Americans to "unite in most humbly offering our prayers and supplications to the great Lord and Ruler of Nations and beseech him to pardon our national and other transgressions."<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>25<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"></p><h4 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1em; margin: 1em 0px; max-width: 100%;">Debate over first celebrations</h4><p></p>

<div role="note" style="font-style: italic; max-width: 100%;">See also: <a href="/wiki/Myth_of_the_First_Thanksgiving" title="Myth of the First Thanksgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Myth of the First Thanksgiving</a></div>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">Devotees in <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Florida</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">New England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Texas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Virginia</a> have maintained contradictory claims to having held the first Thanksgiving celebration in what became the United States. The question is complicated by the concept of Thanksgiving as either a holiday celebration or a religious service. James Baker maintains, "The American holiday's true origin was the New England <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" title="Calvinist" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Calvinist</a> Thanksgiving. Never coupled with a Sabbath meeting, the Puritan observances were special days set aside during the week for thanksgiving and praise in response to God's providence."<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>14<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> Baker calls the debate a "tempest in a beanpot" and "marvelous nonsense" based on regional claims.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>14<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> Momentum for inclusion of Plymouth in the founding myths of the United was due to the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Colony_Club" title="Old Colony Club" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Old Colony Club</a>, who feared that Plymouth was being overshadowed by events in other colonies, including the American Revolution.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>26<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">In 1963, President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">John F. Kennedy</a> acknowledged both the Virginia and <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Massachusetts</a> claims. Kennedy issued Proclamation 3560 on November 5, 1963, stating, "Over three centuries ago, our forefathers in Virginia and in Massachusetts, far from home in a lonely wilderness, set aside a time of thanksgiving. On the appointed day, they gave reverent thanks for their safety, for the health of their children, for the fertility of their fields, for the love which bound them together, and for the faith which united them with their God."<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>27<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Other claims include an earlier religious service by Spanish explorers at <a href="/wiki/San_Elizario" title="San Elizario" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">San Elizario</a> in <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Texas</a> in 1598.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>28<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;">[<i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><span title="Linked page does not reference event described in previous sentence. (November 2024)" style="max-width: 100%;">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Historians Robyn Gioia and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gannon_(historian)" title="Michael Gannon (historian)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Michael Gannon</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida" title="University of Florida" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">University of Florida</a> argue that the earliest Thanksgiving service in what is now the United States was celebrated by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_people" title="Spanish people" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Spanish community</a> on September 8, 1565, in current <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Saint Augustine</a>, Florida.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>29<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>30<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup><a rel="nofollow" href="https://florida.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/secdead17-socst-thanks/secrets-of-spanish-floridasecrets-of-the-dead-the-first-true-thanksgiving/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">[1]</a> The thanksgiving at St. Augustine was celebrated 56 years before the Puritan Pilgrim thanksgiving at Plymouth Plantation (Massachusetts), but it did not become the origin of a national annual tradition.<a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.nps.gov/casa/learn/historyculture/the-first-thanksgiving.htm" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">[2]</a>

</p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;">Fixing a date</h3><p></p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"></p><h4 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1em; margin: 1em 0px; max-width: 100%;">Canada</h4><p></p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">The earlier Thanksgiving celebrations in Canada has been attributed to the earlier onset of winter in the North, thus ending the harvest season earlier.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>31<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> Thanksgiving in Canada did not have a fixed date until the late 19th century. Prior to <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Canadian Confederation</a>, many of the individual colonial governors of the Canadian provinces had declared their own days of Thanksgiving. The first official Canadian Thanksgiving occurred on April 15, 1872, when the nation was celebrating the <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Prince of Wales</a>' recovery from a serious illness.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>31<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">By the end of the 19th century, Thanksgiving Day was normally celebrated on November 6 (see also <a href="/wiki/Guy_Fawkes_Night" title="Guy Fawkes Night" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Guy Fawkes Night</a> discussed above). In the late 19th century, the militia staged "sham battles" for public entertainment on Thanksgiving Day. The militia agitated for an earlier date for the holiday, so they could use the warmer weather to draw bigger crowds.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>32<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> However, when the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" title="First World War" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">First World War</a> ended, the <a href="/wiki/Remembrance_Day" title="Remembrance Day" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Armistice Day</a> holiday was usually held during the same week. To prevent the two holidays from clashing with one another, in 1957 the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Parliament" title="Canadian Parliament" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Canadian Parliament</a> proclaimed Thanksgiving to be observed on its present date on the second Monday of October.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>8<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"></p><h4 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1em; margin: 1em 0px; max-width: 100%;">United States</h4><p></p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">Thanksgiving in the United States has been observed on differing dates. From the time of the <a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Founding Fathers</a> until <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Abraham Lincoln</a> made it a national holiday in 1863, the date of observance varied from state to state. The final Thursday in November had become the customary date in most U.S. states by the beginning of the 19th century, coinciding with, and eventually superseding the holiday of <a href="/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(New_York)" title="Evacuation Day (New York)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Evacuation Day</a> (commemorating the day the British exited the United States after the Revolutionary War).<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[33<span style="max-width: 100%;">] Influenced by New Englander <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Josepha_Hale" title="Sarah Josepha Hale" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Sarah Josepha Hale</a>, who wrote letters to politicians for approximately 40 years advocating an official holiday, Lincoln set national Thanksgiving by proclamation for the final Thursday in November in celebration of the bounties that had continued to fall on the Union and for the military successes in the war, also calling on the American people, "with humble penitence for our national perverseness and disobedience ... fervently implore the interposition of the Almighty hand to heal the wounds of the nation...."<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[34<span style="max-width: 100%;">] Because of the ongoing <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Civil War</a>, a nationwide Thanksgiving celebration was not realized until <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Era_of_the_United_States" title="Reconstruction Era of the United States" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Reconstruction</a> in the 1870s.

</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">On October 31, 1939, President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> signed a <a href="/wiki/Franksgiving" title="Franksgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">presidential proclamation</a> changing the holiday to the next to last Thursday in November in an effort to boost the economy.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>35<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> The earlier date created an extra seven days for <a href="/wiki/Christmas_season" title="Christmas season" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Christmas shopping</a> since at that time retailers never began promoting the Christmas season until after Thanksgiving. But making the proclamation so close to the change wreaked havoc on the holiday schedules of many people, schools, and businesses, and most Americans were not in favor of the change. Some of those who opposed the change dubbed the holiday "<a href="/wiki/Franksgiving" title="Franksgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Franksgiving</a>" that year. Some state governors went along with the change while others stuck with the original November 30 date for the holiday, and three states \u2014 Colorado, Mississippi, and Texas \u2014 observed both dates.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>36<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> The double Thanksgiving continued for two more years, and then on December 26, 1941, Roosevelt signed a <a href="/wiki/Joint_resolution" title="Joint resolution" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">joint resolution</a> of Congress changing the official national Thanksgiving Day to the fourth Thursday in November starting in 1942 (there are usually four but sometimes five Thursdays in November, depending on the year).<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>37<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Since 1971, when the American <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Monday_Holiday_Act" title="Uniform Monday Holiday Act" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Uniform Monday Holiday Act</a> took effect, the American observance of <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Day" title="Columbus Day" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Columbus Day</a> has coincided with the Canadian observance of Thanksgiving.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>38<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>39<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"></p><h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em; max-width: 100%;">Observance</h2><p></p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;">Australia</h3><p></p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">In the <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Australian external territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Norfolk Island</a>, Thanksgiving is celebrated on the last Wednesday of November, similar to the pre\u2013<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">World War II</a> American observance on the last Thursday of the month. Due to the time difference of between 14 and 17 hours, this means the Norfolk Island observance is two days before or five days after the United States' observance. The holiday was brought to the island by visiting American <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">whaling</a> ships.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>40<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;">Brazil</h3><p></p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">In Brazil, National Thanksgiving Day (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt" style="max-width: 100%;">Dia de A��o de Gra�as) was instituted by <a href="/wiki/Eurico_Gaspar_Dutra" title="Eurico Gaspar Dutra" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">President Gaspar Dutra</a>, through Law 781 of August 17, 1949, at the suggestion of Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Joaquim_Nabuco" title="Joaquim Nabuco" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Joaquim Nabuco</a>, who was enthusiastic about the commemorations he saw in 1909 in <a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Cathedral_(Manhattan)" title="St. Patrick's Cathedral (Manhattan)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">St. Patrick's Cathedral</a> as an ambassador in Washington. In 1966, Law 5110 established that the Thanksgiving celebration would take place on the fourth Thursday of November.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[41<span style="max-width: 100%;">] This date is celebrated by many families of American origin, by some Protestant Christian denominations, such as the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Brazil" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Brazil" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Evangelical Lutheran Church of Brazil</a> (which is of American origin), the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Brazil" title="Presbyterian Church of Brazil" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Presbyterian Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Baptist Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_in_Brazil" title="Methodist Church in Brazil" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Methodist Church</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nazarene" title="Church of the Nazarene" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Church of the Nazarene</a>, and Methodist denominational universities. The day is also celebrated by <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Churches" title="Evangelical Churches" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">evangelical churches</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Foursquare_Gospel_Church" title="Foursquare Gospel Church" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Foursquare Gospel Church</a> in Brazil.

</p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;">Canada</h3><p></p>

<div role="note" style="font-style: italic; max-width: 100%;">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(Canada)" title="Thanksgiving (Canada)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Thanksgiving (Canada)</a></div>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">Thanksgiving (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">French</a>: <i lang="fr" style="max-width: 100%;">l'Action de gr�ce</i>), occurring on the second Monday in October, is an annual Canadian <a href="/wiki/Holiday" title="Holiday" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">holiday</a> to <a href="/wiki/Gratitude" title="Gratitude" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">give thanks</a> at the close of the harvest season. Although the original act of Parliament references <a href="/wiki/God" title="God" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">God</a> and the holiday is celebrated in churches, the holiday is mostly celebrated in a <a href="/wiki/Secularity" title="Secularity" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">secular</a> manner. Thanksgiving is a <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Canada" title="Public holidays in Canada" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">statutory holiday</a> in all provinces in Canada, except for <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">New Brunswick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Nova Scotia</a>. While businesses may remain open in these provinces, the holiday is nonetheless recognized and celebrated regardless of its status.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>42<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>43<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>44<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>45<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>46<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;">Germany</h3><p></p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">The Harvest Thanksgiving Festival, <a href="/wiki/Erntedankfest_D%C3%BCsseldorf-Urdenbach" title="Erntedankfest D�sseldorf-Urdenbach" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Erntedankfest</a>, is a popular <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Christian</a> festival in some German municipalities on the first Sunday of October. The festival has a significant religious component, and many churches are decorated with autumn crops. In some places, there are <a href="/wiki/Procession" title="Procession" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">religious processions</a> or parades.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>47<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;">Liberia</h3><p></p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">In the West African country of Liberia, Thanksgiving is celebrated on the first Thursday of November.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>48<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> In 1883, the <a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Liberia" title="Legislature of Liberia" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Legislature of Liberia</a> enacted a statute declaring this day as a national holiday.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>49<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> Thanksgiving is celebrated in the country in large part due to the nation's founding as a colony of the <a href="/wiki/American_Colonization_Society" title="American Colonization Society" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">American Colonization Society</a> in 1821 by former slaves and <a href="/wiki/Free_people_of_color" title="Free people of color" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">free people of color</a> from the United States. However, the Liberian  celebration of the holiday is notably different from the American celebration. While some Liberian families choose to celebrate with a feast or cook out, it is not considered a staple of the holiday and there is no specific food heavily associated with Thanksgiving. Some choose to celebrate the holiday by attending religious ceremonies, while others take it as a day for relaxation. Others view the holiday as an imposition from the American settlers of the country. In the years following the <a href="/wiki/Second_Liberian_Civil_War" title="Second Liberian Civil War" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">second civil war</a>, some Liberians have taken the holiday as a time to be thankful for this new period peace and relative stability.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>50<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>51<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;">Netherlands</h3><p></p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">Many of the Pilgrims who migrated to the <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Plymouth Plantation</a> resided in <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Leiden</a> from 1609 to 1620, and had recorded their births, marriages, and deaths at the <a href="/wiki/Pieterskerk,_Leiden" title="Pieterskerk, Leiden" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Pieterskerk</a>. In commemoration, a non-denominational Thanksgiving Day service is held each year on the morning of the American Thanksgiving Day in the Pieterskerk, a <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Gothic</a> church in Leiden, noting the hospitality the Pilgrims received in Leiden on their way to the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">New World</a>.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>52<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">Thanksgiving is observed by orthodox Protestant churches in the Netherlands on the first Wednesday in November (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dankdag&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" title="Dankdag (page does not exist)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Dankdag</a><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;">&nbsp;[<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biddag_en_Dankdag_voor_Gewas_en_Arbeid" title="nl:Biddag en Dankdag voor Gewas en Arbeid" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">nl</a>]). It is not a public holiday. Those who observe the day either go to church in the evening or take the day off and go to church in the morning (and occasionally afternoon) too.

</p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;">Philippines</h3><p></p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">As an <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1898%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Philippines (1898\u20131946)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">American colony</a> from 1901 to 1946, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Philippines</a> observed Thanksgiving as a special public holiday on the same day as the United States.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>53<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Philippines" title="Japanese occupation of the Philippines" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Japanese occupation</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">World War II</a>, both Americans and Filipinos celebrated Thanksgiving in secret. After the Japanese defeat in 1945, the tradition continued until 1969.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>54<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> In 1973, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Ferdinand Marcos</a> issued Proclamation 1180, changing the date to September 21, altering the holiday as a celebration of his <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_under_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">imposition of martial law a year prior.</a><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>55<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> This continued until <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Marcos' ouster</a> in 1986.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>56<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> Since the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Republic_of_the_Philippines" title="Fifth Republic of the Philippines" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Fifth Republic</a>, with no proclamations declaring the observance of Thanksgiving, it is no longer a public holiday in the country.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>57<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;">Saint Lucia</h3><p></p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">The nation of Saint Lucia celebrates Thanksgiving on the first Monday in October.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>58<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;">United Kingdom</h3><p></p>

<div role="note" style="font-style: italic; max-width: 100%;">See also: <a href="/wiki/Horkey" title="Horkey" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Horkey</a></div>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">The <i style="max-width: 100%;">Harvest Festival of Thanksgiving does not have an official date in the United Kingdom; however, it is traditionally held on or near the Sunday of the <a href="/wiki/Harvest_moon" title="Harvest moon" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">harvest moon</a> that occurs closest to the autumnal equinox. Harvest Thanksgiving in Britain also has pre-Christian roots when the Saxons would offer the first sheaf of barley, oats, or wheat to fertility gods. When the harvest was finally collected, communities would come together for a harvest supper.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[59<span style="max-width: 100%;">] When Christianity arrived in Britain many traditions remained, and today the Harvest Festival is marked by churches and schools in late September/early October (same as Canada) with singing, praying and decorating with baskets of food and fruit to celebrate a successful harvest and to give thanks.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[60<span style="max-width: 100%;">] Collections of food are usually held which are then given to local charities which help the homeless and those in need.

</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Historically, the <a href="/wiki/East_of_England" title="East of England" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Eastern Counties</a> celebration of <i style="max-width: 100%;">hockey</i> (more recently spelled "<a href="/wiki/Horkey" title="Horkey" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">horkey</a>" to distinguish it from the sport of the same name) bore a close resemblance to Thanksgiving feasts. It was already a nostalgic celebration of bygone traditions by the 19th century, and died out in the 1920s.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>61<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">American Thanksgiving has grown in popularity in the United Kingdom in the 2020s, driven by the presence of American expatriates in the country, the appeal of the holiday's cuisine, its depiction in media, and Britons' embrace of the holiday's purpose of gratitude and generosity.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>62<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;">United States</h3><p></p>

<div role="note" style="font-style: italic; max-width: 100%;">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Thanksgiving (United States)</a></div>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">United States</a>, Thanksgiving is an annual tradition that was federally formalized through an 1863  <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">presidential</a> proclamation by <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Abraham Lincoln</a>, but was implemented as state legislation since the nation's founding.

<p style="max-width: 100%;">In 1941, federal legislation by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">United States Congress</a> formalized Thanksgiving on the fourth Thursday in November.

</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">The holiday traditionally has been a celebration of the blessings of the year, including the harvest.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>64<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> On Thanksgiving Day, it is common for Americans to share a family meal, attend <a href="/wiki/Church_service" title="Church service" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">church services</a>, and view special sporting events.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>65<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Thanksgiving is celebrated in public places with parades such as <a href="/wiki/Macy%27s_Thanksgiving_Parade" title="Macy's Thanksgiving Parade" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Macy's Thanksgiving Parade</a><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>66<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">New York City</a>, ABC Dunkin' Donuts Thanksgiving Day Parade<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>67<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Philadelphia</a>, America's Hometown Thanksgiving Parade in <a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Massachusetts" title="Plymouth, Massachusetts" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Plymouth, Massachusetts</a>, McDonald's <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Thanksgiving_Parade" title="Chicago Thanksgiving Parade" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Thanksgiving Parade in Chicago</a>, and Bayou Classic Thanksgiving Parade<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>68<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">New Orleans</a>.

</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">What Americans call the "<a href="/wiki/Christmas_and_holiday_season" title="Christmas and holiday season" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Holiday Season</a>" generally begins with Thanksgiving.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>69<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup> The first day after Thanksgiving Day\u2014<a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(shopping)" title="Black Friday (shopping)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Black Friday</a>\u2014marks the start of the Christmas shopping season.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>70<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p><p style="max-width: 100%;">Thanksgiving is usually celebrated with a family meal. Beginning in the 2010s, a new tradition has emerged to also celebrate Thanksgiving with a meal with friends, as a separate event on a different day or an alternate event on Thanksgiving Day. This is referred to as <a href="/wiki/Friendsgiving" title="Friendsgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Friendsgiving</a>.<sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[</span>71<span style="max-width: 100%;">]</span></span></sup>

</p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"></p><h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em; max-width: 100%;">Similarly named holidays</h2><p></p>

<div role="note" style="font-style: italic; max-width: 100%;">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_harvest_festivals" title="List of harvest festivals" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">List of harvest festivals</a></div>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;">Grenada</h3><p></p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">In the West Indian island of <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Grenada</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Caribbean</a>, there is a national holiday known as Thanksgiving Day which is celebrated on October 25. Even though it bears the same name, and is celebrated at roughly the same time as the American and Canadian versions of Thanksgiving, this holiday is unrelated to either of those celebrations. Instead, the holiday marks the anniversary of the U.S.-led <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Grenada" title="Invasion of Grenada" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">invasion of the island</a> in 1983, in response to the <a href="/wiki/Deposition_(politics)" title="Deposition (politics)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">deposition</a> and execution of the socialist Grenadian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bishop" title="Maurice Bishop" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Maurice Bishop</a><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">[72<span style="max-width: 100%;">] by a military government from within his own party.

</p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.25em; max-width: 100%;">Japan</h3><p></p>

<div role="note" style="font-style: italic; max-width: 100%;">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Labor_Thanksgiving_Day" title="Labor Thanksgiving Day" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Labor Thanksgiving Day</a></div>

<p style="max-width: 100%;">Labor Thanksgiving Day<span style="max-width: 100%;"> (<span title="Japanese-language text" style="max-width: 100%;"><span lang="ja" style="max-width: 100%;">\u52e4\u52b4\u611f\u8b1d\u306e\u65e5, <span title="Hepburn transliteration" style="max-width: 100%;"><i lang="ja-Latn" style="max-width: 100%;">Kinr\u014d Kansha no Hi<span style="max-width: 100%;">) is a <a href="/wiki/Holidays_of_Japan" title="Holidays of Japan" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">national holiday in Japan</a>. It takes place annually on November 23. The law establishing the holiday, which was adopted during the <a href="/wiki/American_occupation_of_Japan" title="American occupation of Japan" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">American occupation</a> after World War II, cites it as an occasion for commemorating <a href="/wiki/Manual_labor" title="Manual labor" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">labor</a> and production and giving each other thanks. It has roots in the ancient <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Shinto</a> harvest ceremony (<i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Niiname-sai" title="Niiname-sai" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Niiname-sai</a><span style="max-width: 100%;"> (<span title="Japanese-language text" style="max-width: 100%;"><span lang="ja" style="max-width: 100%;">\u65b0\u5617\u796d)).

</p>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"></p><h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em; max-width: 100%;">See also</h2><p></p>

<ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="list-style-type-none" style="max-width: 100%; list-style-type: none; padding-inline-start: 0px;">

<li style="font-style: italic; max-width: 100%; list-style-type: none; padding-inline-start: 0px;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><span typeof="mw:File" style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/File:Calendar_icon.svg" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><img alt="icon" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/40px-Calendar_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/60px-Calendar_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="654" class="reader-image-tiny" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: inline; margin: 0px;" data-unique-identifier=""></a></span></span><span style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Holidays" title="Portal:Holidays" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Holidays portal</a></span></li></ul>

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Monday" title="Cyber Monday" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Cyber Monday</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_around_Thanksgiving" title="List of films set around Thanksgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">List of films set around Thanksgiving</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_harvest_festivals" title="List of harvest festivals" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">List of harvest festivals</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_Parade_(disambiguation)" title="Thanksgiving Parade (disambiguation)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Thanksgiving Parade</a></li></ul>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"></p><h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em; max-width: 100%;">References</h2><p></p>

<div style="max-width: 100%;">

<div style="max-width: 100%;"><ol style="max-width: 100%;">

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">^ <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">a</b></i></sup></span> <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">b</b></i></sup></span></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">Hodgson 2006</span>, pp.&nbsp;156\u201359.</span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">Baker 2009a</span>, Chapter 1, esp. pp. 12\u201315.</span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">^ <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">a</b></i></sup></span> <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">b</b></i></sup></span> <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">c</b></i></sup></span> <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">d</b></i></sup></span></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Forbes, Bruce David (October 27, 2015). <i style="max-width: 100%;">America's Favorite Holidays: Candid Histories</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">University of California Press</a>. p.&nbsp;155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-28472-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-28472-2" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><bdi style="max-width: 100%;">978-0-520-28472-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=America%27s+Favorite+Holidays%3A+Candid+Histories&amp;rft.pages=155&amp;rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&amp;rft.date=2015-10-27&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-520-28472-2&amp;rft.aulast=Forbes&amp;rft.aufirst=Bruce+David&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">^ <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">a</b></i></sup></span> <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">b</b></i></sup></span> <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">c</b></i></sup></span></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">Baker 2009a</span>, pp.&nbsp;1\u201314.</span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">^ <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">a</b></i></sup></span> <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">b</b></i></sup></span></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Dowdey" title="Clifford Dowdey" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Dowdy, Clifford</a> (1957). <i style="max-width: 100%;">The Great Plantation</i>. Rinehart and Co. pp.&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;">29\u2013</span>37.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Great+Plantation&amp;rft.pages=29-37&amp;rft.pub=Rinehart+and+Co.&amp;rft.date=1957&amp;rft.au=Dowdy%2C+Clifford&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Mills, David; Neilson Bonikowsky, Laura; McIntosh, Andrew. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/thanksgiving-day/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Thanksgiving in Canada"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">Canadian Encyclopedia</i>. Historica Canada. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151012051058/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/thanksgiving-day/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2015<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">October 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Canadian+Encyclopedia&amp;rft.atitle=Thanksgiving+in+Canada&amp;rft.aulast=Mills&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft.au=Neilson+Bonikowsky%2C+Laura&amp;rft.au=McIntosh%2C+Andrew&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fthanksgiving-day%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Kaufman, Jason Andrew (2009). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nC6piY4KaLQC&amp;pg=PA29" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><i style="max-width: 100%;">The Origins of Canadian &amp; American Political Differences</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p.&nbsp;29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674031364" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674031364" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><bdi style="max-width: 100%;">978-0674031364</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117022916/https://books.google.com/books?id=nC6piY4KaLQC&amp;pg=PA29" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2023<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">November 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Canadian+%26+American+Political+Differences&amp;rft.pages=29&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.isbn=978-0674031364&amp;rft.aulast=Kaufman&amp;rft.aufirst=Jason+Andrew&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnC6piY4KaLQC%26pg%3DPA29&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">^ <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">a</b></i></sup></span> <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">b</b></i></sup></span> <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">c</b></i></sup></span></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;">Solski, Ruth "Canada's Traditions and Celebrations" McGill-Queen's Press,<a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1550356941" title="Special:BookSources/1550356941" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><bdi style="max-width: 100%;">1550356941</bdi></a> p. 12</span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">^ <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">a</b></i></sup></span> <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">b</b></i></sup></span></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Duncan, Dorothy (September 16, 2006). <i style="max-width: 100%;">Canadians at Table: Food, Fellowship, and Folklore: A Culinary History of Canada</i>. Dundurn. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-77070-235-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-77070-235-6" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><bdi style="max-width: 100%;">978-1-77070-235-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Canadians+at+Table%3A+Food%2C+Fellowship%2C+and+Folklore%3A+A+Culinary+History+of+Canada&amp;rft.pub=Dundurn&amp;rft.date=2006-09-16&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-77070-235-6&amp;rft.aulast=Duncan&amp;rft.aufirst=Dorothy&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Kelch, Kalie (August 27, 2013). <i style="max-width: 100%;">Grab Your Boarding Pass</i>. Review &amp; Herald Publishing Association. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8127-5654-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8127-5654-8" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><bdi style="max-width: 100%;">978-0-8127-5654-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Grab+Your+Boarding+Pass&amp;rft.pub=Review+%26+Herald+Publishing+Association&amp;rft.date=2013-08-27&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8127-5654-8&amp;rft.aulast=Kelch&amp;rft.aufirst=Kalie&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210307024748/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/first-thanksgiving-berkeley-virginia-pilgrim-archaeology" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"The First Thanksgiving"</a>. National Geographic. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/first-thanksgiving-berkeley-virginia-pilgrim-archaeology" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">the original</a> on March 7, 2021<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">November 29,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+First+Thanksgiving&amp;rft.pub=National+Geographic&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fculture%2Farticle%2Ffirst-thanksgiving-berkeley-virginia-pilgrim-archaeology&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Woodlief, H. Graham. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.berkeleyplantation.com/first-thanksgiving.html" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"History of the First Thanksgiving"</a>. Berkeley Plantation. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211123232444/http://www.berkeleyplantation.com/first-thanksgiving.html" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2021<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">November 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+the+First+Thanksgiving&amp;rft.pub=Berkeley+Plantation&amp;rft.aulast=Woodlief&amp;rft.aufirst=H.+Graham&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.berkeleyplantation.com%2Ffirst-thanksgiving.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Julian S, The Boston Globe (November 20, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1996-11-20-9611200300-story.html" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"HISTORY IS SERVED"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">chicagotribune.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170826170449/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1996-11-20/entertainment/9611200300_1_plimoth-plantation-pilgrims-william-brewster" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2017<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">November 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=chicagotribune.com&amp;rft.atitle=HISTORY+IS+SERVED&amp;rft.date=1996-11-20&amp;rft.aulast=Julian&amp;rft.aufirst=S&amp;rft.au=The+Boston+Globe&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fct-xpm-1996-11-20-9611200300-story.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">^ <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">a</b></i></sup></span> <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">b</b></i></sup></span> <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">c</b></i></sup></span></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">Baker 2009a</span>, Chapter 1.</span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Alvin J. Schmidt (2004). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qf9nq9lFwyQC&amp;q=thanksgiving+holiday+give+thanks+God+Noah&amp;pg=PA381" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><i style="max-width: 100%;">How Christianity Changed the World</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Zondervan" title="Zondervan" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Zondervan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780310264491" title="Special:BookSources/9780310264491" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><bdi style="max-width: 100%;">9780310264491</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117022916/https://books.google.com/books?id=qf9nq9lFwyQC&amp;q=thanksgiving+holiday+give+thanks+God+Noah&amp;pg=PA381" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2023<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">January 30,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=How+Christianity+Changed+the+World&amp;rft.pub=Zondervan&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=9780310264491&amp;rft.au=Alvin+J.+Schmidt&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqf9nq9lFwyQC%26q%3Dthanksgiving%2Bholiday%2Bgive%2Bthanks%2BGod%2BNoah%26pg%3DPA381&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Bunker, Nick (2010). <i style="max-width: 100%;">Making Haste From Babylon: the Mayflower Pilgrims and Their World</i>. New York: Vintage Books. pp.&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;">220\u2013</span>21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307386267" title="Special:BookSources/9780307386267" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><bdi style="max-width: 100%;">9780307386267</bdi></a>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Making+Haste+From+Babylon%3A+the+Mayflower+Pilgrims+and+Their+World&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=220-21&amp;rft.pub=Vintage+Books&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=9780307386267&amp;rft.au=Bunker%2C+Nick&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">Baker 2009a</span>.</span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;">Bradford, <i style="max-width: 100%;">Of Plymouth Plantation, 1620\u20131647</i>, pp. 120\u201321.</span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;">Bradford, <i style="max-width: 100%;">History of Plymouth Plantation</i>, pp. 135\u201342.</span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://archive.org/details/fastthanksgiving00love_0/page/84" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><i style="max-width: 100%;">The fast and thanksgiving days of New England</i></a> by William DeLoss Love, Houghton, Mifflin and Co., Cambridge, 1895</span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Kaufman, Jason Andrew (2009). <i style="max-width: 100%;">The origins of Canadian and American political differences</i>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p.&nbsp;28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674031364" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674031364" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><bdi style="max-width: 100%;">978-0674031364</bdi></a>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+origins+of+Canadian+and+American+political+differences&amp;rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&amp;rft.pages=28&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.isbn=978-0674031364&amp;rft.au=Kaufman%2C+Jason+Andrew&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Klos, Stanley. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.thanksgivingproclamations.com/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Thanksgiving Day Proclamations"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">Presidential Thanksgiving Proclamations</i>. Historic.us. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017023053/http://www.thanksgivingproclamations.com/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on October 17, 2013<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">October 16,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Presidential+Thanksgiving+Proclamations&amp;rft.atitle=Thanksgiving+Day+Proclamations&amp;rft.aulast=Klos&amp;rft.aufirst=Stanley&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thanksgivingproclamations.com%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">Hodgson 2006</span>, pp.&nbsp;159\u201366.</span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;">Hodgson 2006</span>, p.&nbsp;167.</span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-04-02-0091" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Thanksgiving Proclamation, 3 October 1789"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">George Washington Papers</i>. Library of Congress. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131208205146/http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-04-02-0091" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on December 8, 2013<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">January 26,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=George+Washington+Papers&amp;rft.atitle=Thanksgiving+Proclamation%2C+3+October+1789&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffounders.archives.gov%2Fdocuments%2FWashington%2F05-04-02-0091&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">David J. Silverman (2019). <i style="max-width: 100%;">This Land Is Their Land: The Wampanoag Indians, Plymouth Colony, and the Troubled History of Thanksgiving Hardcover</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1632869241" title="Special:BookSources/978-1632869241" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><bdi style="max-width: 100%;">978-1632869241</bdi></a>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=This+Land+Is+Their+Land%3A+The+Wampanoag+Indians%2C+Plymouth+Colony%2C+and+the+Troubled+History+of+Thanksgiving+Hardcover&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft.isbn=978-1632869241&amp;rft.au=David+J.+Silverman&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=9511" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"John F. Kennedy 35th President, Thanksgiving Proclamation, Nov. 5, 1963"</a>. The American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161125045641/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=9511" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2016<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">November 24,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=John+F.+Kennedy+35th+President%2C+Thanksgiving+Proclamation%2C+Nov.+5%2C+1963&amp;rft.pub=The+American+Presidency+Project&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fws%2Findex.php%3Fpid%3D9511&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;">C. Michael Hogan (2011). <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.eoearth.org/article/Thanksgiving?topic=49578" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><i style="max-width: 100%;">Thanksgiving</i>. Eds. Cutler Cleveland &amp; Peter Saundry. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025183933/http://www.eoearth.org/article/Thanksgiving?topic=49578" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> October 25, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Wayback Machine</a></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Wilson, Craig (November 21, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.usatoday.com/life/lifestyle/2007-11-20-first-thanksgiving_N.htm" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Florida teacher chips away at Plymouth Rock Thanksgiving myth"</a>. Usatoday.com. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111126034126/http://www.usatoday.com/life/lifestyle/2007-11-20-first-thanksgiving_N.htm" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2011<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">September 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Florida+teacher+chips+away+at+Plymouth+Rock+Thanksgiving+myth&amp;rft.pub=Usatoday.com&amp;rft.date=2007-11-21&amp;rft.aulast=Wilson&amp;rft.aufirst=Craig&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Flife%2Flifestyle%2F2007-11-20-first-thanksgiving_N.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Davis, Kenneth C. (November 25, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/opinion/26davis.html?th&amp;emc=th" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"A French Connection"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130514110426/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/opinion/26davis.html?th&amp;emc=th" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2013<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">September 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=A+French+Connection&amp;rft.date=2008-11-25&amp;rft.aulast=Davis&amp;rft.aufirst=Kenneth+C.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F11%2F26%2Fopinion%2F26davis.html%3Fth%26emc%3Dth&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;">^ <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">a</b></i></sup></span> <span class="converted-anchor" style="max-width: 100%;"><sup style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 1; font-size: 0.75em;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;">b</b></i></sup></span></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;">Kaufman, Jason Andrew (2009). "The origins of Canadian and American political differences" Harvard University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0674031369" title="Special:BookSources/0674031369" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><bdi style="max-width: 100%;">0674031369</bdi></a> p. 29</span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;">Wood, James "Militia Myths: Ideas of the Canadian Citizen Soldier, 1896-1921." UBC Press, 2010 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-1765-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-1765-3" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><bdi style="max-width: 100%;">978-0-7748-1765-3</bdi></a> p.30</span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.nypl.org/blog/2014/11/24/evacuation-day-new-york-holiday" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Evacuation Day: New York's Former November Holiday"</a>. November 24, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180809215705/https://www.nypl.org/blog/2014/11/24/evacuation-day-new-york-holiday" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on August 9, 2018<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">April 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Evacuation+Day%3A+New+York%27s+Former+November+Holiday&amp;rft.date=2014-11-24&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nypl.org%2Fblog%2F2014%2F11%2F24%2Fevacuation-day-new-york-holiday&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.abrahamlincolnonline.org/lincoln/speeches/thanks.htm" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Thanksgiving Proclamation by Abraham Lincoln"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">www.abrahamlincolnonline.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020205553/http://www.abrahamlincolnonline.org/lincoln/speeches/thanks.htm" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2018<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">October 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.abrahamlincolnonline.org&amp;rft.atitle=Thanksgiving+Proclamation+by+Abraham+Lincoln&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abrahamlincolnonline.org%2Flincoln%2Fspeeches%2Fthanks.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.newspapers.com/image/188846244/?terms=Thanksgiving+roosevelt" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"31 Oct 1939, Page 1 - Green Bay Press-Gazette at Newspapers.com"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">Newspapers.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807131039/http://www.newspapers.com/image/188846244/?terms=Thanksgiving+roosevelt" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2020<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">November 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Newspapers.com&amp;rft.atitle=31+Oct+1939%2C+Page+1+-+Green+Bay+Press-Gazette+at+Newspapers.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F188846244%2F%3Fterms%3DThanksgiving%2Broosevelt&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Ronald G. Shafer (November 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/11/24/franskgiving-fdr-moved-thanksgiving/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Franklin Roosevelt moved Thanksgiving up a week to goose the economy. Chaos ensued"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">The Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211124234509/https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/11/24/franskgiving-fdr-moved-thanksgiving/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2021<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">November 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=Franklin+Roosevelt+moved+Thanksgiving+up+a+week+to+goose+the+economy.+Chaos+ensued.&amp;rft.date=2021-11-24&amp;rft.au=Ronald+G.+Shafer&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fhistory%2F2021%2F11%2F24%2Ffranskgiving-fdr-moved-thanksgiving%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.archives.gov/legislative/features/thanksgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Congress Establishes Thanksgiving"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">National Archives</i>. August 15, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181108074001/https://www.archives.gov/legislative/features/thanksgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on November 8, 2018<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">November 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=National+Archives&amp;rft.atitle=Congress+Establishes+Thanksgiving&amp;rft.date=2016-08-15&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Flegislative%2Ffeatures%2Fthanksgiving&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9eYhAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6061,7091289&amp;dq=district+of+columbia&amp;hl=en" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"LBJ Signs Bill to Set Up Five 3-Day Holidays"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">Sarasota Herald-Tribune</i>. Associated Press. June 29, 1968. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211011110334/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9eYhAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6061%2C7091289&amp;dq=district+of+columbia&amp;hl=en" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2021<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">December 6,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Sarasota+Herald-Tribune&amp;rft.atitle=LBJ+Signs+Bill+to+Set+Up+Five+3-Day+Holidays&amp;rft.date=1968-06-29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D9eYhAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6061%2C7091289%26dq%3Ddistrict%2Bof%2Bcolumbia%26hl%3Den&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" style="max-width: 100%;"></span> The bill became the <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Monday_Holiday_Act" title="Uniform Monday Holiday Act" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Uniform Monday Holiday Act</a>.</span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2004/winter/images/uniform-monday-holiday-law.jpg" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Text of the 1968 Uniform Monday Holiday Act"</a>. US Government Archives (www.archives.gov). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050249/http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2004/winter/images/uniform-monday-holiday-law.jpg" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2016<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">December 6,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Text+of+the+1968+Uniform+Monday+Holiday+Act&amp;rft.pub=US+Government+Archives+%28www.archives.gov%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Fpublications%2Fprologue%2F2004%2Fwinter%2Fimages%2Funiform-monday-holiday-law.jpg&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100920094330/http://ag.gov.au/www/agd/agd.nsf/Page/TerritoriesofAustralia_NorfolkIsland_NorfolkIslandInformationandServices#Public" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Norfolk Island Information and Services"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" href="http://ag.gov.au/www/agd/agd.nsf/Page/TerritoriesofAustralia_NorfolkIsland_NorfolkIslandInformationandServices#Public" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">the original</a> on September 20, 2010.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Norfolk+Island+Information+and+Services&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fag.gov.au%2Fwww%2Fagd%2Fagd.nsf%2FPage%2FTerritoriesofAustralia_NorfolkIsland_NorfolkIslandInformationandServices%23Public&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.justica.gov.br/Acesso/institucional/sumario/dia-nacional-de-acoes-de-gracas" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Dia Nacional de A��es de Gra�as"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">Minist�rio da Justi�a e Seguran�a P�blica</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401183001/http://www.justica.gov.br/Acesso/institucional/sumario/dia-nacional-de-acoes-de-gracas" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2019<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">November 29,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Minist%C3%A9rio+da+Justi%C3%A7a+e+Seguran%C3%A7a+P%C3%BAblica&amp;rft.atitle=Dia+Nacional+de+A%C3%A7%C3%B5es+de+Gra%C3%A7as&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justica.gov.br%2FAcesso%2Finstitucional%2Fsumario%2Fdia-nacional-de-acoes-de-gracas&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101218131207/http://www.workrights.ca/content.php?sec=9" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Statutory Holidays"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">WorkRights.ca</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.workrights.ca/content.php?sec=9" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">the original</a> on December 18, 2010<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">December 8,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=WorkRights.ca&amp;rft.atitle=Statutory+Holidays&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.workrights.ca%2Fcontent.php%3Fsec%3D9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111123113444/https://www.gov.ns.ca/lae/employmentrights/thanksgiving.asp" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Thanksgiving \u2013 is it a Statutory Holiday?"</a>. Government of Nova Scotia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.gov.ns.ca/lae/employmentrights/thanksgiving.asp" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">the original</a> on November 23, 2011<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">October 13,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Thanksgiving+%E2%80%93+is+it+a+Statutory+Holiday%3F&amp;rft.pub=Government+of+Nova+Scotia&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.ns.ca%2Flae%2Femploymentrights%2Fthanksgiving.asp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.gov.pe.ca/law/statutes/pdf/e-06_2.pdf" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Statutes, Chapter E-6.2"</a> <span style="max-width: 100%;">(PDF)</span>. Government of Prince Edward Island. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081031043413/http://www.gov.pe.ca/law/statutes/pdf/e-06_2.pdf" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> <span style="max-width: 100%;">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 31, 2008<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">October 13,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Statutes%2C+Chapter+E-6.2&amp;rft.pub=Government+of+Prince+Edward+Island&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.pe.ca%2Flaw%2Fstatutes%2Fpdf%2Fe-06_2.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://assembly.nl.ca/Legislation/sr/statutes/l02.htm#14_" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"RSNL1990 Chapter L-2 \u2013 Labour Standards Act"</a>. Assembly of Newfoundland. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081221125807/http://assembly.nl.ca/Legislation/sr/statutes/l02.htm#14_" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on December 21, 2008<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">October 13,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=RSNL1990+Chapter+L-2+%E2%80%93+Labour+Standards+Act&amp;rft.pub=Assembly+of+Newfoundland&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fassembly.nl.ca%2FLegislation%2Fsr%2Fstatutes%2Fl02.htm%2314_&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080229081421/http://www.hrsdc.gc.ca/en/lp/spila/clli/eslc/stat_hol.pdf" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Statutory Holidays"</a> <span style="max-width: 100%;">(PDF)</span>. Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development, Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.hrsdc.gc.ca/en/lp/spila/clli/eslc/stat_hol.pdf" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">the original</a> <span style="max-width: 100%;">(PDF)</span> on February 29, 2008.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Statutory+Holidays&amp;rft.pub=Ministry+of+Human+Resources+and+Social+Development%2C+Canada&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrsdc.gc.ca%2Fen%2Flp%2Fspila%2Fclli%2Feslc%2Fstat_hol.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Hamel, Katharina. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.sonntagsblatt.de/artikel/basiswissen-christentum/glaube/warum-feiern-wir-das-erntedankfest" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Erntedankfest 2024: Warum feiern wir Erntedank? | Sonntags"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">www.sonntagsblatt.de</i> (in German)<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">November 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.sonntagsblatt.de&amp;rft.atitle=Erntedankfest+2024%3A+Warum+feiern+wir+Erntedank%3F+%7C+Sonntags&amp;rft.aulast=Hamel&amp;rft.aufirst=Katharina&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sonntagsblatt.de%2Fartikel%2Fbasiswissen-christentum%2Fglaube%2Fwarum-feiern-wir-das-erntedankfest&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006072458/http://www.emansion.gov.lr/2press.php?news_id=1709&amp;related=20&amp;pg=sp&amp;sub=41" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Vice President Boakai Joins Catholic Community in Bomi to Celebrate Thanksgiving Day"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">The Executive Mansion</i>. Republic of Liberia. November 5, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.emansion.gov.lr/2press.php?news_id=1709&amp;related=20&amp;pg=sp&amp;sub=41" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">the original</a> on October 6, 2014<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">October 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Executive+Mansion&amp;rft.atitle=Vice+President+Boakai+Joins+Catholic+Community+in+Bomi+to+Celebrate+Thanksgiving+Day&amp;rft.date=2010-11-05&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emansion.gov.lr%2F2press.php%3Fnews_id%3D1709%26related%3D20%26pg%3Dsp%26sub%3D41&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://thenewdawnliberia.com/ellen-declares-thursday-2-november-as-national-thanksgiving-day/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Ellen declares Thursday, 2 November as National Thanksgiving Day"</a>. The New Dawn Liberia. November 1, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220128052515/https://thenewdawnliberia.com/ellen-declares-thursday-2-november-as-national-thanksgiving-day/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on January 28, 2022<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">December 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ellen+declares+Thursday%2C+2+November+as+National+Thanksgiving+Day&amp;rft.pub=The+New+Dawn+Liberia&amp;rft.date=2017-11-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthenewdawnliberia.com%2Fellen-declares-thursday-2-november-as-national-thanksgiving-day%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Hallett, Vicky (November 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/11/24/1057267834/former-slaves-brought-thanksgiving-to-liberia-and-rebooted-it" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Former slaves brought Thanksgiving to Liberia \u2014 and rebooted it"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231124120706/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/11/24/1057267834/former-slaves-brought-thanksgiving-to-liberia-and-rebooted-it" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2023<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">December 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Former+slaves+brought+Thanksgiving+to+Liberia+%E2%80%94+and+rebooted+it&amp;rft.pub=NPR&amp;rft.date=2021-11-24&amp;rft.aulast=Hallett&amp;rft.aufirst=Vicky&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fgoatsandsoda%2F2021%2F11%2F24%2F1057267834%2Fformer-slaves-brought-thanksgiving-to-liberia-and-rebooted-it&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.npr.org/transcripts/247691906" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Thanksgiving In Liberia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">NPR</a>. November 28, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211203002106/https://www.npr.org/transcripts/247691906" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2021<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">December 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Thanksgiving+In+Liberia&amp;rft.pub=NPR&amp;rft.date=2013-11-28&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftranscripts%2F247691906&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.theworld.org/?q=node/22856&amp;answer=true" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Dutch town"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/The_World_(radio_program)" title="The World (radio program)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">The World (radio program)</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090322190258/http://www.theworld.org/?q=node/22856&amp;answer=true" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on March 22, 2009<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">November 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+World+%28radio+program%29&amp;rft.atitle=Dutch+town&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theworld.org%2F%3Fq%3Dnode%2F22856%26answer%3Dtrue&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=54NbAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=PA7" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Thanksgiving in Philippines: First Celebration of the American Holiday in Eastern Colony"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph_Gazette" title="St. Joseph Gazette" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">The St. Joseph Weekly Gazette</a></i>. December 27, 1898. p.&nbsp;7. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220924123553/https://books.google.com/books?id=54NbAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=PA7" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2022<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">September 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+St.+Joseph+Weekly+Gazette&amp;rft.atitle=Thanksgiving+in+Philippines%3A+First+Celebration+of+the+American+Holiday+in+Eastern+Colony&amp;rft.pages=7&amp;rft.date=1898-12-27&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D54NbAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3DPA7&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pna.gov.ph/opinion/pieces/941-once-upon-a-time-ph-observed-thanksgiving-day-every-sept-21" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Once upon a time, PH observed Thanksgiving Day every Sept. 21"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">www.pna.gov.ph</i>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.pna.gov.ph&amp;rft.atitle=Once+upon+a+time%2C+PH+observed+Thanksgiving+Day+every+Sept.+21&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pna.gov.ph%2Fopinion%2Fpieces%2F941-once-upon-a-time-ph-observed-thanksgiving-day-every-sept-21&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://lawphil.net/executive/proc/proc1973/proc_1180_1973.html" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Proclamation No. 1180"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">lawphil.net</i><span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">November 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=lawphil.net&amp;rft.atitle=Proclamation+No.+1180&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flawphil.net%2Fexecutive%2Fproc%2Fproc1973%2Fproc_1180_1973.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129225326/http://malacanang.gov.ph/74644-thanksgiving-in-the-philippines/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Thanksgiving in the Philippines"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">Philippine Presidential Museum and Library</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" href="http://malacanang.gov.ph/74644-thanksgiving-in-the-philippines/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">the original</a> on November 29, 2014<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">November 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Philippine+Presidential+Museum+and+Library&amp;rft.atitle=Thanksgiving+in+the+Philippines&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmalacanang.gov.ph%2F74644-thanksgiving-in-the-philippines%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Ferrell, Nicholas A. (November 23, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://thenewleafjournal.com/history-of-thanksgiving-proclamations-in-the-philippines/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"History of Thanksgiving Proclamations in the Philippines"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">The New Leaf Journal</i>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+Leaf+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=History+of+Thanksgiving+Proclamations+in+the+Philippines&amp;rft.date=2022-11-23&amp;rft.aulast=Ferrell&amp;rft.aufirst=Nicholas+A.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthenewleafjournal.com%2Fhistory-of-thanksgiving-proclamations-in-the-philippines%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160314100648/http://www.stluciachamber.org/uploadedImages/contentImg/file/List%20of%20Holidays%20for%202015%20(1).pdf" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Saint Lucia's List of Holidays for the Year 2015"</a> <span style="max-width: 100%;">(PDF)</span>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">Stluciachamber.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.stluciachamber.org/uploadedImages/contentImg/file/List%20of%20Holidays%20for%202015%20(1).pdf" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">the original</a> <span style="max-width: 100%;">(PDF)</span> on March 14, 2016<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">April 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Stluciachamber.org&amp;rft.atitle=Saint+Lucia%27s+List+of+Holidays+for+the+Year+2015&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stluciachamber.org%2FuploadedImages%2FcontentImg%2Ffile%2FList%2520of%2520Holidays%2520for%25202015%2520%281%29.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200128100813/http://www.crewsnest.vispa.com/thanksgivingUK.htm" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Harvest Festival UK"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">Crewsnest.vispa.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.crewsnest.vispa.com/thanksgivingUK.htm" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">the original</a> on January 28, 2020<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">April 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Crewsnest.vispa.com&amp;rft.atitle=Harvest+Festival+UK&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crewsnest.vispa.com%2FthanksgivingUK.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150623163507/http://resources.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/customs/Harvest.html" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Harvest Festival"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">resources.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" href="http://resources.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/customs/harvest.html" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">the original</a> on June 23, 2015<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">June 18,</span> 2015</span> \u2013 via projectbritain.com.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=resources.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk&amp;rft.atitle=Harvest+Festival&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresources.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk%2Fcustoms%2Fharvest.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><i style="max-width: 100%;">Change in the Farm</i> (1934), quoted in <i style="max-width: 100%;">Village Life and Labour, an anthology</i>, Cambridge University 2011, <a rel="nofollow" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bIWHd1ZUEwIC&amp;dq=%22the+horkey%22+++-aaron&amp;pg=PA92" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">pp.92-3</a></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Marsh, Sarah (November 1, 2025). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2025/nov/01/rise-in-uk-thanksgiving-celebrations-driven-by-growing-appetite-for-us-foods-retailers-say" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Rise in UK Thanksgivings driven by growing appetite for US foods, retailers say"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" title="ISSN (identifier)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">0261-3077</a><span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">November 2,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Rise+in+UK+Thanksgivings+driven+by+growing+appetite+for+US+foods%2C+retailers+say&amp;rft.date=2025-11-01&amp;rft.issn=0261-3077&amp;rft.aulast=Marsh&amp;rft.aufirst=Sarah&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2F2025%2Fnov%2F01%2Frise-in-uk-thanksgiving-celebrations-driven-by-growing-appetite-for-us-foods-retailers-say&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Lemire, Sarah. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.today.com/life/holidays/thanksgiving-colors-rcna123394" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Thanksgiving colors: The meaning behind orange, yellow, red and brown"</a>. Today<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">April 6,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Thanksgiving+colors%3A+The+meaning+behind+orange%2C+yellow%2C+red+and+brown&amp;rft.pub=Today&amp;rft.aulast=Lemire&amp;rft.aufirst=Sarah&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.today.com%2Flife%2Fholidays%2Fthanksgiving-colors-rcna123394&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/590003/Thanksgiving-Day" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Thanksgiving Day"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">Encyclop�dia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101117114930/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/590003/Thanksgiving-Day" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2010<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">November 25,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Thanksgiving+Day&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F590003%2FThanksgiving-Day&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Counihan, Carole (October 18, 2013). <i style="max-width: 100%;">Food in the USA: A Reader</i>. Routledge. p.&nbsp;5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-32359-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-32359-2" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><bdi style="max-width: 100%;">978-1-135-32359-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Food+in+the+USA%3A+A+Reader&amp;rft.pages=5&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2013-10-18&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-135-32359-2&amp;rft.aulast=Counihan&amp;rft.aufirst=Carole&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://rove.me/to/new-york/macys-thanksgiving-day-parade" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927101457/https://rove.me/to/new-york/macys-thanksgiving-day-parade" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2020<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">April 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Macy%27s+Thanksgiving+Day+Parade&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frove.me%2Fto%2Fnew-york%2Fmacys-thanksgiving-day-parade&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

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<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://6abc.com/tag/6abc-thanksgiving-day-parade/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"6ABC THANKSGIVING DAY PARADE"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191013100115/https://6abc.com/tag/6abc-thanksgiving-day-parade/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on October 13, 2019<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">April 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=6ABC+THANKSGIVING+DAY+PARADE&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F6abc.com%2Ftag%2F6abc-thanksgiving-day-parade%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.neworleans.com/event/bayou-classic/3224/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Bayou Classic"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915132952/https://www.neworleans.com/event/bayou-classic/3224/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2018<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">April 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Bayou+Classic&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.neworleans.com%2Fevent%2Fbayou-classic%2F3224%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Hargis, Toni (November 4, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.bbcamerica.com/mind-the-gap/2013/11/04/brits-guide-holiday-season/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"A Brit's Guide to the Holiday Season"</a>. BBC America. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151118145944/http://www.bbcamerica.com/mind-the-gap/2013/11/04/brits-guide-holiday-season/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2015<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">November 10,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=A+Brit%27s+Guide+to+the+Holiday+Season&amp;rft.pub=BBC+America&amp;rft.date=2013-11-04&amp;rft.aulast=Hargis&amp;rft.aufirst=Toni&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbcamerica.com%2Fmind-the-gap%2F2013%2F11%2F04%2Fbrits-guide-holiday-season%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/11/thanksgiving-day-celebrate-171115142125961.html" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"When is Thanksgiving Day and why is it celebrated"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">Al Jazeera</i>. November 22, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328162637/https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/11/thanksgiving-day-celebrate-171115142125961.html" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2019<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">April 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&amp;rft.atitle=When+is+Thanksgiving+Day+and+why+is+it+celebrated&amp;rft.date=2018-11-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Findepth%2Ffeatures%2F2017%2F11%2Fthanksgiving-day-celebrate-171115142125961.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Fetters, Ashley (November 15, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2018/11/millennials-friendsgiving-history/575941/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"How Friendsgiving Took Over Millennial Culture"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">The Atlantic</i>. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220504083741/https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2018/11/millennials-friendsgiving-history/575941/" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2022<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">May 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&amp;rft.atitle=How+Friendsgiving+Took+Over+Millennial+Culture&amp;rft.date=2018-11-15&amp;rft.aulast=Fetters&amp;rft.aufirst=Ashley&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Ffamily%2Farchive%2F2018%2F11%2Fmillennials-friendsgiving-history%2F575941%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><b style="max-width: 100%;"></b></span> <span style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.gov.gd/holiday_events.html" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Public Holidays &amp; Events 2017"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">GOV.gd</i>. October 12, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120623100105/http://www.gov.gd/holiday_events.html" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Archived</a> from the original on June 23, 2012<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">April 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=GOV.gd&amp;rft.atitle=Public+Holidays+%26+Events+2017&amp;rft.date=2016-10-12&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.gd%2Fholiday_events.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"></p><h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em; max-width: 100%;">Sources</h2><p></p>

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Baker, James W. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yoMhqK9Z5HwC" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><i style="max-width: 100%;">Thanksgiving: The Biography of an American Holiday</i></a>. UPNE. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58465-801-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58465-801-6" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><bdi style="max-width: 100%;">978-1-58465-801-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Thanksgiving%3A+The+Biography+of+an+American+Holiday&amp;rft.pub=UPNE&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-58465-801-6&amp;rft.aulast=Baker&amp;rft.aufirst=James+W.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyoMhqK9Z5HwC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Bangs, Jeremy D. <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102223739/http://www.sail1620.org/history/articles/93-roast-bull-cranberry-sauce.html" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Thanksgiving on the Net: Roast Bull with Cranberry Sauce"</a>. <i style="max-width: 100%;">Sail 1620</i>. Society of Mayflower Descendants in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.sail1620.org/history/articles/93-roast-bull-cranberry-sauce.html" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">the original</a> on November 2, 2012<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">October 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Sail+1620&amp;rft.atitle=Thanksgiving+on+the+Net%3A+Roast+Bull+with+Cranberry+Sauce&amp;rft.aulast=Bangs&amp;rft.aufirst=Jeremy+D&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sail1620.org%2Fhistory%2Farticles%2F93-roast-bull-cranberry-sauce.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Colman, Penny (2008). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mrEqiLORTFoC" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><i style="max-width: 100%;">Thanksgiving: The True Story</i></a>. Macmillan. p.&nbsp;149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0805082296" title="Special:BookSources/978-0805082296" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><bdi style="max-width: 100%;">978-0805082296</bdi></a>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Thanksgiving%3A+The+True+Story&amp;rft.pages=149&amp;rft.pub=Macmillan&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-0805082296&amp;rft.aulast=Colman&amp;rft.aufirst=Penny&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmrEqiLORTFoC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Dow, Judy; Slapin, Beverly (June 12, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101129070235/http://www.oyate.org/resources/shortthanks.html" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">"Deconstructing the Myths of "The First Thanksgiving"<span style="max-width: 100%;"></span>"</a>. Oyate.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.oyate.org/resources/shortthanks.html" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">the original</a> on November 29, 2010<span style="max-width: 100%;">. Retrieved <span style="max-width: 100%;">November 29,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Deconstructing+the+Myths+of+%22The+First+Thanksgiving%22&amp;rft.pub=Oyate.org&amp;rft.date=2006-06-12&amp;rft.aulast=Dow&amp;rft.aufirst=Judy&amp;rft.au=Slapin%2C+Beverly&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oyate.org%2Fresources%2Fshortthanks.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Hillstrom, Laurie Collier (2007). <a rel="nofollow" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LpAXAQAAMAAJ" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><i style="max-width: 100%;">The Thanksgiving book: a companion to the holiday covering its history, lore, ...</i></a> Omnigraphics. p.&nbsp;328. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0780804036" title="Special:BookSources/978-0780804036" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><bdi style="max-width: 100%;">978-0780804036</bdi></a>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Thanksgiving+book%3A+a+companion+to+the+holiday+covering+its+history%2C+lore%2C+...&amp;rft.pages=328&amp;rft.pub=Omnigraphics&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=978-0780804036&amp;rft.aulast=Hillstrom&amp;rft.aufirst=Laurie+Collier&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLpAXAQAAMAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><cite style="max-width: 100%;">Hodgson, Godfrey (2006). <span title="Free registration required" style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://archive.org/details/greatgodlyadvent00hodg" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><i style="max-width: 100%;">A Great and Godly Adventure; The Pilgrims and the Myth of the First Thanksgiving</i></a></span>. New York: Public Affairs. p.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" href="https://archive.org/details/greatgodlyadvent00hodg/page/212" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">212</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1586483739" title="Special:BookSources/978-1586483739" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><bdi style="max-width: 100%;">978-1586483739</bdi></a>.</cite><span style="max-width: 100%;"></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Great+and+Godly+Adventure%3B+The+Pilgrims+and+the+Myth+of+the+First+Thanksgiving&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=212&amp;rft.pub=Public+Affairs&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-1586483739&amp;rft.aulast=Hodgson&amp;rft.aufirst=Godfrey&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatgodlyadvent00hodg&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988" style="max-width: 100%;"></span></li></ul>

<p style="max-width: 100%;"></p><h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.43em; max-width: 100%;">External links</h2><p></p>

<div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Thanksgiving8566" class="clear" style="max-width: 100%; clear: both;"><div class="scrollable" style="max-width: 100%; overflow-x: scroll; overflow-wrap: normal;"><table style="max-width: none; font-size: 0.9em; text-align: start; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody style="max-width: 100%;"><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="col" colspan="2" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);"><div style="max-width: 100%;"><ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thanksgiving" title="Template:Thanksgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><abbr title="View this template" style="max-width: 100%;">v</abbr></a></li><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thanksgiving" title="Template talk:Thanksgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="max-width: 100%;">t</abbr></a></li><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thanksgiving" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thanksgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="max-width: 100%;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="max-width: 100%;"><a style="text-decoration: none; max-width: 100%;">Thanksgiving</a></div></th></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);"><p style="max-width: 100%;">History and<br style="max-width: 100%;">traditions</p></th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div class="scrollable" style="max-width: 100%; overflow-x: scroll; overflow-wrap: normal;"><table style="max-width: none; font-size: 0.9em; text-align: start; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody style="max-width: 100%;"><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);"><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(Canada)" title="Thanksgiving (Canada)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Canada</a></th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div style="max-width: 100%;">

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_de_Champlain" title="Samuel de Champlain" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Samuel de Champlain</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Frobisher" title="Martin Frobisher" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Martin Frobisher</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">First Nations</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);"><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">United States</a></th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div style="max-width: 100%;">

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Myth_of_the_First_Thanksgiving" title="Myth of the First Thanksgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Traditional mythology</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Pilgrims_(Plymouth_Colony)" title="Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Pilgrims</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Mayflower" title="Mayflower" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Mayflower</a></i></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Plymouth Colony</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Massachusetts" title="Plymouth, Massachusetts" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Plymouth, Massachusetts</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_(governor)" title="William Bradford (governor)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">William Bradford</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Winslow" title="Edward Winslow" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Edward Winslow</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Brewster" title="Mary Brewster" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Mary Brewster</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Susanna_White_(Mayflower_passenger)" title="Susanna White (Mayflower passenger)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Susanna White</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Native Americans</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Samoset" title="Samoset" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Samoset</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Squanto" title="Squanto" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Squanto</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Massasoit" title="Massasoit" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Massasoit</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Wampanoag_people" title="Wampanoag people" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Wampanoag</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Cornucopia" title="Cornucopia" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Cornucopia</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/National_Thanksgiving_Proclamation" title="National Thanksgiving Proclamation" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">National Thanksgiving Proclamation</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Franksgiving" title="Franksgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Franksgiving</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/National_Thanksgiving_Turkey_Presentation" title="National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Josepha_Hale" title="Sarah Josepha Hale" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Sarah Josepha Hale</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Blackout_Wednesday" title="Blackout Wednesday" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Blackout Wednesday</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Abraham Lincoln</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_from_Want" title="Freedom from Want" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Freedom from Want</a></i></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Mourt%27s_Relation" title="Mourt's Relation" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Mourt's Relation</a></i></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Friendsgiving" title="Friendsgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Friendsgiving</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);">Germany</th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div style="max-width: 100%;">

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Erntedankfest_D%C3%BCsseldorf-Urdenbach" title="Erntedankfest D�sseldorf-Urdenbach" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Erntedankfest D�sseldorf-Urdenbach</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);">Cuisine</th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div style="max-width: 100%;">

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_dinner" title="Thanksgiving dinner" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Thanksgiving dinner</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Turkey_meat" title="Turkey meat" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Turkey</a>

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Turkey_fryer" title="Turkey fryer" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Deep-fried</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Tofurkey" title="Tofurkey" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Tofurkey</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Turducken" title="Turducken" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Turducken</a></li></ul></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Stuffing" title="Stuffing" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Stuffing</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Gravy" title="Gravy" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Gravy</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Butternut_squash" title="Butternut squash" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Butternut squash</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Apple_cider" title="Apple cider" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Apple cider</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Cranberry_sauce" title="Cranberry sauce" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Cranberry sauce</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Creamed_corn" title="Creamed corn" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Creamed corn</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Mashed_potato" title="Mashed potato" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Mashed potatoes</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato" title="Sweet potato" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Sweet potatoes</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Succotash" title="Succotash" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Succotash</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Green_bean_casserole" title="Green bean casserole" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Green bean casserole</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;">Pie

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Apple_pie" title="Apple pie" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Apple</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_pie" title="Pumpkin pie" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Pumpkin</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Pecan_pie" title="Pecan pie" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Pecan</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato_pie" title="Sweet potato pie" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Sweet Potato</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);"><p style="max-width: 100%;">Media</p></th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div class="scrollable" style="max-width: 100%; overflow-x: scroll; overflow-wrap: normal;"><table style="max-width: none; font-size: 0.9em; text-align: start; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody style="max-width: 100%;"><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);"><a href="/wiki/Category:Thanksgiving_songs" title="Category:Thanksgiving songs" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Songs</a></th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div style="max-width: 100%;">

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;">"<a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Restaurant" title="Alice's Restaurant" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Alice's Restaurant</a>"</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;">"<a href="/wiki/Bless_This_House_(song)" title="Bless This House (song)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Bless This House</a>"</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;">"<a href="/wiki/Bringing_In_the_Sheaves" title="Bringing In the Sheaves" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Bringing In the Sheaves</a>"</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;">"<a href="/wiki/Come,_Ye_Thankful_People,_Come" title="Come, Ye Thankful People, Come" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Come, Ye Thankful People, Come</a>"</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;">"<a href="/wiki/For_the_Beauty_of_the_Earth" title="For the Beauty of the Earth" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">For the Beauty of the Earth</a>"</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;">"<a href="/wiki/Jingle_Bells" title="Jingle Bells" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Jingle Bells</a>"</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;">"<a href="/wiki/Let_All_Things_Now_Living" title="Let All Things Now Living" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Let All Things Now Living</a>"</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;">"<a href="/wiki/Over_the_River_and_Through_the_Wood" title="Over the River and Through the Wood" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Over the River and Through the Wood</a>"</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;">"<a href="/wiki/The_Thanksgiving_Song" title="The Thanksgiving Song" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">The Thanksgiving Song</a>"</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;">"<a href="/wiki/We_Gather_Together" title="We Gather Together" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">We Gather Together</a>"</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;">"<a href="/wiki/We_Plough_the_Fields_and_Scatter" title="We Plough the Fields and Scatter" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">We Plough the Fields and Scatter</a>"</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;">"<a href="/wiki/Hold_My_Mule" title="Hold My Mule" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">You Name It</a>"</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);"><a href="/wiki/Category:Thanksgiving_television_specials" title="Category:Thanksgiving television specials" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Television</a></th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div style="max-width: 100%;">

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;">"<a href="/wiki/Bart_vs._Thanksgiving" title="Bart vs. Thanksgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Bart vs. Thanksgiving</a>"</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/The_Berenstain_Bears_Meet_Bigpaw" title="The Berenstain Bears Meet Bigpaw" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">The Berenstain Bears Meet Bigpaw</a></i></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Bugs_Bunny%27s_Thanksgiving_Diet" title="Bugs Bunny's Thanksgiving Diet" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Bugs Bunny's Thanksgiving Diet</a></i></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/A_Charlie_Brown_Thanksgiving" title="A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving</a></i></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Garfield%27s_Thanksgiving" title="Garfield's Thanksgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Garfield's Thanksgiving</a></i></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Intergalactic_Thanksgiving" title="Intergalactic Thanksgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Intergalactic Thanksgiving</a></i></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga_and_the_Muppets_Holiday_Spectacular" title="Lady Gaga and the Muppets Holiday Spectacular" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Lady Gaga and the Muppets Holiday Spectacular</a></i></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/The_Mouse_on_the_Mayflower" title="The Mouse on the Mayflower" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">The Mouse on the Mayflower</a></i></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;">"<a href="/wiki/Oprah%27s_Favorite_Things" title="Oprah's Favorite Things" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Oprah's Favorite Things</a>"</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Saints_%26_Strangers" title="Saints &amp; Strangers" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Saints &amp; Strangers</a></i></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;">"<a href="/wiki/Slapsgiving" title="Slapsgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Slapsgiving</a>"</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;">"<a href="/wiki/Slapsgiving_2:_Revenge_of_the_Slap" title="Slapsgiving 2: Revenge of the Slap" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Slapsgiving 2: Revenge of the Slap</a>"</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Holiday_Special" title="Star Wars Holiday Special" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Star Wars Holiday Special</a></i></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;">"<a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(Family_Guy)" title="Thanksgiving (Family Guy)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Thanksgiving</a>"</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;">"<a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_Orphans" title="Thanksgiving Orphans" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Thanksgiving Orphans</a>"</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/The_Thanksgiving_Special" title="The Thanksgiving Special" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">The Thanksgiving Special</a></i></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Turkey_Hollow" title="Turkey Hollow" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Turkey Hollow</a></i></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;">"<a href="/wiki/Turkeys_Away" title="Turkeys Away" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Turkeys Away</a>"</li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/A_Very_Gaga_Thanksgiving" title="A Very Gaga Thanksgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">A Very Gaga Thanksgiving</a></i></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/A_Winnie_the_Pooh_Thanksgiving" title="A Winnie the Pooh Thanksgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">A Winnie the Pooh Thanksgiving</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);"><p style="max-width: 100%;">Associated<br style="max-width: 100%;">events</p></th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div class="scrollable" style="max-width: 100%; overflow-x: scroll; overflow-wrap: normal;"><table style="max-width: none; font-size: 0.9em; text-align: start; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody style="max-width: 100%;"><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);">Cultural</th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div style="max-width: 100%;">

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_and_holiday_season" title="Christmas and holiday season" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Christmas and holiday season</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Harvest_festival" title="Harvest festival" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Harvest festival</a>

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_harvest_festivals" title="List of harvest festivals" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">List</a></li></ul></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_around_Thanksgiving" title="List of films set around Thanksgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Thanksgiving in film</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thanksgiving_television_specials" title="List of Thanksgiving television specials" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Thanksgiving television specials</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_winter_festivals" title="List of winter festivals" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Winter festivals</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Macy%27s_Great_Tree" title="Macy's Great Tree" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Lighting of the Macy's Great Tree</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/National_Adoption_Day" title="National Adoption Day" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">National Adoption Day</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(shopping)" title="Black Friday (shopping)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Black Friday</a>

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Black_Friday" title="Cyber Black Friday" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Cyber Black Friday</a></li></ul></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_Listening" title="National Day of Listening" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">National Day of Listening</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Heritage_Day" title="Native American Heritage Day" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Native American Heritage Day</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Small_Business_Saturday" title="Small Business Saturday" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Small Business Saturday</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Monday" title="Cyber Monday" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Cyber Monday</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Giving_Tuesday" title="Giving Tuesday" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Giving Tuesday</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Jews_and_Thanksgiving" title="Jews and Thanksgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Jews and Thanksgiving</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Thanksgivukkah" title="Thanksgivukkah" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Thanksgivukkah</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_and_holiday_season_parades" title="List of Christmas and holiday season parades" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Parades</a></th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div style="max-width: 100%;">

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Novant_Health_Thanksgiving_Day_Parade" title="Novant Health Thanksgiving Day Parade" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Novant Health <span style="max-width: 100%;">(Charlotte)</span></a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Thanksgiving_Parade" title="Chicago Thanksgiving Parade" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Chicago</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Thanksgiving_Parade" title="America's Thanksgiving Parade" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">America's <span style="max-width: 100%;">(Detroit)</span></a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Kitchener%E2%80%93Waterloo_Oktoberfest" title="Kitchener\u2013Waterloo Oktoberfest" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Oktoberfest <span style="max-width: 100%;">(Kitchener-Waterloo)</span></a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Christmas_Parade" title="Hollywood Christmas Parade" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Hollywood Christmas <span style="max-width: 100%;">(Los Angeles)</span></a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Macy%27s_Thanksgiving_Day_Parade" title="Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Macy's <span style="max-width: 100%;">(New York City)</span></a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/6abc_Dunkin%27_Donuts_Thanksgiving_Day_Parade" title="6abc Dunkin' Donuts Thanksgiving Day Parade" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">6abc-Dunkin' Donuts <span style="max-width: 100%;">(Philadelphia)</span></a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Celebrate_the_Season_Parade" title="Celebrate the Season Parade" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Celebrate the Season <span style="max-width: 100%;">(Pittsburgh)</span></a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Hometown_Thanksgiving_Parade" title="America's Hometown Thanksgiving Parade" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">America's Hometown <span style="max-width: 100%;">(Plymouth)</span></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);">Protests</th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div style="max-width: 100%;">

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_Mourning_(United_States_protest)" title="National Day of Mourning (United States protest)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">National Day of Mourning</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Unthanksgiving_Day" title="Unthanksgiving Day" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Unthanksgiving Day</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Buy_Nothing_Day" title="Buy Nothing Day" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Buy Nothing Day</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);">Sports</th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div class="scrollable" style="max-width: 100%; overflow-x: scroll; overflow-wrap: normal;"><table style="max-width: none; font-size: 0.9em; text-align: start; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody style="max-width: 100%;"><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);"><a href="/wiki/American_football_on_Thanksgiving" title="American football on Thanksgiving" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Football</a></th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div style="max-width: 100%;">

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/NFL_on_Thanksgiving_Day" title="NFL on Thanksgiving Day" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">NFL John Madden Thanksgiving Celebration</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_Day_Classic" title="Thanksgiving Day Classic" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">CFL Thanksgiving Classic</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Turkey_Day_Classic" title="Turkey Day Classic" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Turkey Day Classic</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Kirkwood%E2%80%93Webster_Groves_Turkey_Day_Game" title="Kirkwood\u2013Webster Groves Turkey Day Game" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Kirkwood vs. Webster Groves</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Pennridge%E2%80%93Quakertown_Thanksgiving_Day_Football_Classic" title="Pennridge\u2013Quakertown Thanksgiving Day Football Classic" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Pennridge vs. Quakertown</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/English%E2%80%93Latin_football_rivalry" title="English\u2013Latin football rivalry" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Boston English vs. Boston Latin</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);"><a href="/wiki/Turkey_trot" title="Turkey trot" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Turkey trots</a></th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div style="max-width: 100%;">

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Berwick_Run_for_the_Diamonds" title="Berwick Run for the Diamonds" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Berwick Run for the Diamonds</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Turkey_Trot" title="Buffalo Turkey Trot" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Buffalo Turkey Trot</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Turkey_Trot" title="Dallas Turkey Trot" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Dallas Turkey Trot</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Feaster_Five_Road_Race" title="Feaster Five Road Race" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Feaster Five Road Race</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Road_Race" title="Manchester Road Race" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Manchester Road Race</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);">Others</th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div style="max-width: 100%;">

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/National_Dog_Show" title="National Dog Show" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">National Dog Show</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Punkin_chunkin" title="Punkin chunkin" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Pumpkin chucking / Pumpkin shoot</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Skins_Game_(PGA_Tour)" title="Skins Game (PGA Tour)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Skins Game</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Turkey_bowling" title="Turkey bowling" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Turkey bowling</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Turkey_Night_Grand_Prix" title="Turkey Night Grand Prix" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Turkey Night Grand Prix</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>

<div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Parties_and_festivals5303" class="clear" style="max-width: 100%; clear: both;"><div class="scrollable" style="max-width: 100%; overflow-x: scroll; overflow-wrap: normal;"><table style="max-width: none; font-size: 0.9em; text-align: start; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody style="max-width: 100%;"><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="col" colspan="2" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);"><div style="max-width: 100%;"><ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Parties" title="Template:Parties" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><abbr title="View this template" style="max-width: 100%;">v</abbr></a></li><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Parties" title="Template talk:Parties" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="max-width: 100%;">t</abbr></a></li><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Parties" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="max-width: 100%;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Party" title="Party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Parties</a> and <a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">festivals</a></div></th></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><td colspan="2" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><p style="max-width: 100%;">Sorted by occasions, purposes or attributes</p></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);">Types</th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div class="scrollable" style="max-width: 100%; overflow-x: scroll; overflow-wrap: normal;"><table style="max-width: none; font-size: 0.9em; text-align: start; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody style="max-width: 100%;"><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);"><a href="/wiki/Wedding" title="Wedding" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Wedding</a>-related</th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div style="max-width: 100%;">

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_party" title="Bachelor party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Bachelor party</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Bachelorette_party" title="Bachelorette party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Bachelorette party</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Bridal_shower" title="Bridal shower" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Bridal shower</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Engagement_party" title="Engagement party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Engagement party</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Wedding_reception" title="Wedding reception" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Wedding reception</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Eid al-Adha</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Eid al-Fitr</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);"><a href="/wiki/Banquet" title="Banquet" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Banquets</a></th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div style="max-width: 100%;">

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Eid_cuisine" title="Eid cuisine" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Eid cuisine</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/State_banquet" title="State banquet" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">State banquet</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Ball_(dance_event)" title="Ball (dance event)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Ball</a>

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Debutante_ball" title="Debutante ball" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Debutante ball</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Hunt_ball" title="Hunt ball" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Hunt ball</a></li></ul></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Symposium" title="Symposium" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Symposium</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);"><a href="/wiki/House_party" title="House party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">House parties</a></th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div style="max-width: 100%;">

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Family_reunion" title="Family reunion" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Family reunion</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_party" title="Cocktail party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Cocktail party</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Housewarming_party" title="Housewarming party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Housewarming party</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Sleepover" title="Sleepover" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Sleepover</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/LAN_party" title="LAN party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">LAN party</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Rent_party" title="Rent party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Rent party</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);">Public parties</th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div class="scrollable" style="max-width: 100%; overflow-x: scroll; overflow-wrap: normal;"><table style="max-width: none; font-size: 0.9em; text-align: start; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody style="max-width: 100%;"><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);"><a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Festivals</a></th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div style="max-width: 100%;">

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Holiday" title="Holiday" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Holidays</a>

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Spring_break" title="Spring break" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Spring break</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Mischief_Night" title="Mischief Night" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Mischief Night</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve" title="New Year's Eve" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">New Year's Eve</a></li></ul></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Arts_festival" title="Arts festival" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Arts festival</a>

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Film_awards_seasons" title="Film awards seasons" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Film awards seasons</a></li></ul></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Religious_festival" title="Religious festival" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Religious </a>

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_and_holiday_season" title="Christmas and holiday season" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Christmas</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Carnival</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Feasts</a>

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Fools" title="Feast of Fools" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Fools</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_festivals" title="List of folk festivals" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Folk</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Food_festival" title="Food festival" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Food</a>

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Beer_festival" title="Beer festival" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Beer</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Wine_festival" title="Wine festival" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Wine</a></li></ul></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Harvest_festival" title="Harvest festival" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Harvest festival</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Social_season_(United_Kingdom)" title="Social season (United Kingdom)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Social season</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Garden_festival" title="Garden festival" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Garden</a>

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Tulip_festival" title="Tulip festival" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Tulip</a></li></ul></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Winter_festival" title="Winter festival" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Winter</a>

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Winter_light_festival" title="Winter light festival" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Light</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Winter_solstice" title="Winter solstice" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Solstice</a></li></ul></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Music_festival" title="Music festival" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Music</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Heortology" title="Heortology" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Heortology</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);"><a href="/wiki/Fair" title="Fair" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Fairs</a></th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div style="max-width: 100%;">

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/World%27s_fair" title="World's fair" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">World's fair</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/State_fair" title="State fair" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">State fair</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/County_fair" title="County fair" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">County fair</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Trade_show" title="Trade show" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Trade fair</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><td colspan="2" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div style="max-width: 100%;">

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Picnic" title="Picnic" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Picnic</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Block_party" title="Block party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Block party</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Subway_party" title="Subway party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Subway party</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Tailgate_party" title="Tailgate party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Tailgate party</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><td colspan="2" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div style="max-width: 100%;">

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Anniversary" title="Anniversary" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Anniversary</a>

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Jubilee" title="Jubilee" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Jubilee</a></li></ul></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Ceremony" title="Ceremony" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Ceremony</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_party" title="Children's party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Children's party</a>

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Baby_shower" title="Baby shower" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Baby shower</a></li></ul></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Class_reunion" title="Class reunion" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Class reunion</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Costume_party" title="Costume party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Costume party</a>

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Masquerade_ball" title="Masquerade ball" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Masquerade party</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing_ball" title="Cross-dressing ball" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Drag party</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Toga_party" title="Toga party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Toga party</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Naked_party" title="Naked party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Naked party</a></li></ul></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Crayfish_party" title="Crayfish party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Crayfish party</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Cuddle_party" title="Cuddle party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Cuddle party</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Dance_party" title="Dance party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Dance party</a>

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Prom" title="Prom" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Prom</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Homecoming" title="Homecoming" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Homecoming</a></li></ul></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Foam_party" title="Foam party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Foam party</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_party" title="Hurricane party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Hurricane party</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Kitty_party" title="Kitty party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Kitty party</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Pamper_party" title="Pamper party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Pamper party</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Parade" title="Parade" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Parade</a>

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Marching" title="Marching" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Marching</a></li></ul></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Pizza_party" title="Pizza party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Pizza party</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Quiet_party" title="Quiet party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Quiet party</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Ritual</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Stop_light_party" title="Stop light party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Stop light party</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Tea_party" title="Tea party" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Tea party</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);">Clothing</th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div class="scrollable" style="max-width: 100%; overflow-x: scroll; overflow-wrap: normal;"><table style="max-width: none; font-size: 0.9em; text-align: start; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody style="max-width: 100%;"><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);"><a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes" title="Western dress codes" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Western dress codes</a></th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div style="max-width: 100%;">

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Formal</a>

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">White tie</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Morning_dress" title="Morning dress" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Morning dress</a></li></ul></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Semi-formal_wear" title="Semi-formal wear" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Semi-formal</a>

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Black_tie" title="Black tie" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Black tie</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Black_lounge_suit" title="Black lounge suit" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Black lounge suit</a></li></ul></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Informal_wear" title="Informal wear" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Informal</a>

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Suit" title="Suit" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Suit</a></li></ul></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Casual_wear" title="Casual wear" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Casual</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><td colspan="2" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div style="max-width: 100%;">

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress" title="Wedding dress" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Wedding dress</a>

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western_wedding_dress" title="Contemporary Western wedding dress" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Contemporary</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Bridal_crown" title="Bridal crown" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Bridal crown</a></li></ul></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Dress" title="Dress" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Dress</a>

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Evening_gown" title="Evening gown" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Evening gown</a>

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Ball_gown" title="Ball gown" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Ball gown</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9butante_dress" title="D�butante dress" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Debutante</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Evening_glove" title="Evening glove" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Opera gloves</a></li></ul></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_dress" title="Cocktail dress" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Cocktail dress</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Garter" title="Garter" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Garters</a></li></ul></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><i style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Casual_wear" title="Casual wear" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Casual</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);">Equipment</th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div style="max-width: 100%;">

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Balloon" title="Balloon" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Balloon</a>

<ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Balloon_modelling" title="Balloon modelling" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Balloon modelling</a></li></ul></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Confetti" title="Confetti" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Confetti</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Cotton_candy" title="Cotton candy" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Cotton candy</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Deely_bobber" title="Deely bobber" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Deely bobber</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Float_(parade)" title="Float (parade)" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Float</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Glow_stick" title="Glow stick" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Glow stick</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Groucho_glasses" title="Groucho glasses" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Groucho glasses</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Party_hat" title="Party hat" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Party hat</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_glasses" title="New Year's glasses" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">New Year's glasses</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Party_bus" title="Party bus" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Party bus</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Party_horn" title="Party horn" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Party horn</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Party_popper" title="Party popper" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Party popper</a></li>

<li style="max-width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Serpentine_streamer" title="Serpentine streamer" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Serpentine streamer</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><td colspan="2" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>

<div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13959#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1179" class="clear" style="max-width: 100%; clear: both;"><div class="scrollable" style="max-width: 100%; overflow-x: scroll; overflow-wrap: normal;"><table style="max-width: none; font-size: 0.9em; text-align: start; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody style="max-width: 100%;"><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="col" colspan="2" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);"></th></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);">International</th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div style="max-width: 100%;"><ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4699215-7" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">GND</a></span></li><li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/11491717" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);">National</th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div style="max-width: 100%;"><ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85134499" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">United States</a></span></li><li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><span title="Den d�k\u016fvzd�n�" style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ph640305&amp;CON_LNG=ENG" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007531873905171" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%;"><th scope="row" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.024);">Other</th><td style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 216, 216);"><div style="max-width: 100%;"><ul style="max-width: 100%;"><li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10675546" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">NARA</a></span></li><li style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="max-width: 100%;"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/concept/ec2e9007-6592-4918-a6b3-829424e830f1" style="color: rgb(65, 110, 210); max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline;">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>

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</div></div></div><br id="lineBreakAtBeginningOfSignature"><div dir="ltr">rev. Dr. Carolyn Peters, Ohio National Federation Of The Blind, board member. Ohio Communities Of Faith division, President. Miami Valley Chapter, President. 937-657-5134<div></div><div>Dr.carolyn.peters@gmail.com</div><div><br></div><div>\U0001f469\u200d\U0001f9af</div></div></body></html>