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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">July 14, 2012</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns =
"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">This Michigan Attorney General
opinion and cases are binding. This is very important to note that a Commission
such as the Commission for the Blind enacted under PA 260 can only be abolished
with a Type III Transfer. Yet in Executive Order 2012-10 the Governor abolishes
the Commission and the Act with a Type III Transfer. That is beyond the
statutory authority of The Executive Organization Act itself which gives all
Michigan Governors rather broad authorities, but not this broad!</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Joe Harcz</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Opinion #6675</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">The following opinion is
presented on-line for informational use only and does not replace the official
version. (Mich Dept of Attorney General Web Site</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">- www.ag.state.mi.us)</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">STATE OF MICHIGAN</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">FRANK J. KELLEY, ATTORNEY
GENERAL</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Opinion No. 6675</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">February 19, 1991</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">GOVERNOR:</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Authority to abolish boards and
commissions under Const 1963, art 5, Sec. 2</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">CONSTITUTIONAL LAW:</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Authority of Governor to abolish
boards and commissions under Const 1963, art 5, Sec. 2</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">The people have in Const 1963,
art 5, Sec. 2, given the Governor the authority to abolish boards and
commissions subject to legislative disapproval.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Honorable John Engler</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Governor of Michigan</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">The Capitol</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Lansing, Michigan</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">You have sought my opinion
regarding your authority as Governor to make changes both in the organization of
the executive branch and in the assignment of</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">functions within executive branch
departments and agencies. Specifically, you have asked whether the people have
in Const 1963, art 5, Sec. 2, given the</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Governor the authority to abolish
boards and commissions.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Const 1963, art 5, Sec. 2,
provides in its second paragraph:</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Subsequent to the initial
allocation, the governor may make changes in the organization of the executive
branch or in the assignment of functions among</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">its units which he considers
necessary for efficient administration. Where these changes require the force of
law, they shall be set forth in executive</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">orders and submitted to the
legislature. Thereafter the legislature shall have 60 calendar days of a regular
session, or a full regular session if of shorter</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">duration, to disapprove each
executive order. Unless disapproved in both houses by a resolution concurred in
by a majority of the members elected to and</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">serving in each house, each order
shall become effective at a date thereafter to be designated by the
governor.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">In the Address to the People, the
Constitutional Convention commented regarding this provision as follows:</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">The section ... would retain in
the hands of the legislature and the governor considerable discretion as to
internal organization within principal departments.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">The initial allocation of
departments (see Schedule and Temporary Provisions) is left to the
legislature.... Subsequently, the governor may make changes</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">in the organization of the
executive branch or in the assignment of functions among its units which he
considers necessary for efficient administration.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">These changes become effective
unless they are disapproved within 60 days by a majority of the members in both
houses of the legislature.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">2 Official Record, Constitutional
Convention 1961, pp 3378-3379.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">In Soap & Detergent
Association v Natural Resources Commission, 415 Mich 728, 330 NW2d 346 (1982),
the Michigan Supreme Court considered at length the Governor's</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">authority to transfer powers
between executive agencies. At issue was the Governor's authority to transfer
the rulemaking power to further restrict the</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">nutrient content of cleaning
agents from the Water Resources Commission, where it had been placed by the
Legislature, to the Natural Resources Commission.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">The Court stated:</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">The constitutional provision of
art 5, Sec. 2, was given effect in 1965 when the Legislature enacted the
Executive Organization Act, MCL 16.101 et seq;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">MSA 3.29(1) et seq. The act
established 19 principal departments and made the initial allocation of
functions among the d partments.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">[O]n various occasions, the
Governor has utilized his power to issue executive reorganization orders. [ Id.,
pp 742-743.]</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">The record of the constitutional
convention indicates that the convention's purpose in including art 5, Sec. 2,
was to facilitate economy and efficiency</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">in the executive agencies. 2
Official Record, Constitutional Convention 1961, p 1847 (comments of Mr.
Pollock); p 1836 (comments of Mr. Martin); p 1837</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">(Comments of Mr. Bentley). The
convention felt that the Legislature previously had failed to effectuate a
reorganization itself, and that the Governor</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">was in the best position to
accomplish the desired ends, having intimate knowledge of the problems. 2
Official Record, Constitutional Convention 1961,</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">p 1846 (comment of Mr. Pollock).
The convention recognized that the reorganization power granted the Governor in
p 2 of art 5, Sec. 2, was clearly legislative.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">2 Official Record, Constitutional
Convention 1961, p 1846 (comments of Mr. Heideman and Mr. Hutchinson). [
footnote omitted] Nonetheless, the delegates</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">chose to include this delegation
to the Governor in the constitution, subject to vigorously debated checks deemed
necessary to restrain the broad grant</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">of power. 2 Official Record,
Constitutional Convention 1961, pp 1843-1854.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">[T]he convention's purpose ...
was to grant the Governor full legislative power to promote the most efficient
possible executive department. [ Id., pp 745-747.]</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Further support for the logic of
this interpretation of the constitution is found in the Executive Organization
Act. In McDonald v Schnipke, 380 Mich 14,</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">26; 155 NW2d 169 (1968), this
Court held that art 5, Sec. 2, of the constitution was not self-executing, but
that the Executive Organization Act served</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">as the enabling act of that
provision. [ footnote omitted]</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">The Executive Organization Act
establishes 19 principal departments. The act also provides a general mechanism
for placing existing agencies into the framework</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">of the 19 principal departments.
Three types of transfers could be effectuated. [ Id., p 748.]</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Under a Type III transfer, the
agency is abolished. MCL 16.103(c); MSA 3.29(3)(c). [ Id., p 749.]</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">No specific considerations are
provided in the Executive Organization Act for the art 5, Sec. 2,
activities--the subsequent reallocations by the Governor.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Yet in McDonald this Court held
that the act was the implementing legislation for the constitutional section.
The fair implication of this interpretation</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">is that the Governor, in
exercising his powers, should use the transfer mechanism established in the
Executive Organization Act, i.e., the provisions regarding</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Type I through Type III transfers
and the relationship between the departments and the transferred agencies. [
Id., p 750.]</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">The Court then considered the
argument that if the Governor has the power to reorganize the executive branch
such power would violate the doctrine of separation</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">of powers by commingling
executive and legislative functions within the executive branch.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">The Court held:</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">[W]hile art 3, Sec. 2, of the
constitution provides for strict separation of power, [footnote omitted] this
has not been interpreted to mean that the branches</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">must be kept wholly separate. [
citations omitted] Additionally, where, as in art 5, Sec. 2, the constitution
explicitly grants powers of one branch to</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">another, there can be no
separation of powers problem. [ citation omitted]</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Article 5, Sec. 2, does not by
any means vest "all"' or any considerable legislative power in the executive.
While it is true that broad legislative power</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">has been delegated to the
Governor to effectuate executive reorganization, this power is clearly limited.
Three limitations must be emphasized. First,</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">the area of executive exercise of
legislative power is very limited and specific. Second, the executive branch is
not the sole possessor of this power;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">the Legislature has concurrent
power to transfer functions and powers of the executive agencies. Third, the
Legislature is specifically granted the power</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">to veto executive reorganization
orders before they become law.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Therefore, the specific intent of
the constitutional convention in fashioning art 5, Sec. 2, having been to
delegate a very limited and specific legislative</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">power to the executive, and this
provision having been adopted into the constitution with sufficient checks to
restrain an improper exercise of this power,</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">we find no constitutional
infirmity negating the Governor's ability to transfer rulemaking authority from
one agency to that agency's department head.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">[ Id., pp 752-753.]</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">As the Supreme Court opinion, in
n 10, p 746, states:</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">The nature and extent of the
power granted to the Governor in art 5, Sec. 2, was most thoroughly discussed by
the convention in the context of what restraints</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">should be placed upon the
Governor's exercise of the power.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">In fact, there was an effort made
to reduce the Governor's reorganization authority by giving both the House and
the Senate the individual power to veto</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">an executive order issued
pursuant to art 5, Sec. 2.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Delegate Hutchinson spoke to the
"tremendous political power"' the Governor would possess under art 5, Sec.
2:</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Whoever has the power by an
executive order to organize and to rearrange the departments of his government
to suit his will has a tremendous political power,</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">because if, for instance, a
particular function is being carried on in one department in a way which doesn't
suit the governor and still he doesn't think</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">it politically wise, you know, to
remove the head of the department or anything, he can, by a reorganization plan,
simply take that function which is being</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">performed in a manner not
suitable to him out of that department and place it someplace else. That is a
tremendous political power.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">2 Official Record, Constitutional
Convention 1961, p 1844.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Delegate Pollock, speaking on
this same issue, said:</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">[T]he governor is in a much
better position to know what is needed within his own administrative structure
than anybody else. I think certainly the legislature</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">should have the power to veto any
proposal that is not in the public interest, but I do not think that this should
be made easy, and I think it is not</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">too difficult by requiring a
majority of both houses.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">2 Official Record, Constitutional
Convention 1961, p 1846.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Delegate Binkowski followed,
saying:</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">However, I think basically the
reason for having this form is to place the responsibility with the executive,
who should know all about these administrative</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">agencies, and to allow him to
initiate the programs, and therefore present them to the legislature. I think
the reason for executive reorganization is</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">simply economy and efficiency in
government.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">If you are going to go ahead, as
we have done, and give the executive the responsibility of lowering
appropriations, then I think you have to give him the</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">responsibility in this area of
his executive departments, so that he can eliminate or consolidate in the best
interests of the state.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">[T]he legislature does
appropriate funds, so that if they are unhappy with any extension of power, so
called power by the governor, if the governor should</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">create a new agency which they
are dissatisfied with, they can effectively reduce the effectiveness of that
organization. [ Emphasis added.]</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">2 Official Record, Constitutional
Convention 1961, p 1848.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">As the Supreme Court pointed out
in Soap & Detergent Association, supra, it held in McDonald, supra, that the
Executive Organization Act, supra, is the</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">enabling act of art 5, Sec. 2. In
the Executive Organization Act the Legislature has provided that:</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">[A] type III transfer means the
abolishing of an existing department, board, commission or agency.... [Emphasis
added.]</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">MCL 16.103(c); MSA
3.29(3)(c).</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">It is my opinion, therefore, that
the people have in Const 1963, art 5, Sec. 2, given the Governor the authority
to abolish or eliminate boards and commissions.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Further, the Legislature has
provided in the Executive Organization Act the procedure to be followed in doing
so. Such action is, of course, subject to</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">the Legislature's right to
disapprove an executive order doing so.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Frank J. Kelley</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Attorney General</P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">http://opinion/datafiles/1990s/op06675.htm</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">State of Michigan, Department of
Attorney General</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Last Updated 11/10/2008
16:49:34</P></DIV></BODY></HTML>