[Nfbf-l] Why Mosquito Bites Itch

Wed Jul 10 21:23:12 UTC 2013

Thank you, Alan.  This was a most informative and fascinating article.  It 
is not only important for those of you living in the wilds of Florida, but 
believe it or not, up here in northern Maine as well.  So far this summer I 
have used more bug repellent than I ever used in Florida, would you believe. 
The mosquitoes and flies here are bigger than Manhattan, and they bite like 
crocodiles.  I hope that if we have lots of extreme heat this summer and 
very little rain, it will destroy their breeding grounds.  Anyway, thank you 
again.

Mark Tardif
Nuclear arms will not hold you.
-----Original Message----- 
From: Alan Dicey
Sent: Wednesday, July 10, 2013 4:21 PM
To: NFB Florida List Group
Subject: [Nfbf-l] Why Mosquito Bites Itch

Dear NFB Florida Friends, List Owner, and Moderators,
Forgive me for posting a non-Blindness article here, this is the very first
time I have done so.
And although it is not directly related to Blindness, or the Florida NFB
Affiliate, it certainly is directly related to any of us living in Florida,
especially South or Central Florida.
And I certainly believe many will benefit from reading the article, right
here in the middle of Summer and mosquito Season!
With Best Regards,
God Bless,
Alan
Plantation, Florida

Why Mosquito Bites Itch
Today I found out why mosquito bites itch.
When female mosquitoes poke their proboscis through your skin so they can
suck some of your blood to be later used to make eggs, they inject you with
some of their saliva.  This saliva helps them to drink your blood more
quickly, because it contains a cocktail of anticoagulants.  Once the female
mosquito is full up of your blood or is disturbed, she flies away, leaving
some of her saliva behind.  Your body then kicks your immune system in gear
as a response to the presence of this saliva.  It produces various
antibodies which in turn bind to the antigens in the mosquito's saliva.
This then triggers the release of histamine.
Histamine is a nitrogen compound that, among other things, triggers an
inflammatory response.  It also helps white blood cells and other proteins
to engage invaders in your body by making the capillaries of these cells
more permeable.  Bottom line, the histamine ends up making the blood vessels
near the bite swell up.  This produces a pink, itchy bump where the mosquito
poked you.
Scratching the bump only makes this worse because it causes more irritation
and inflammation of the sight, resulting in your immune system thinking it
needs more antibodies to get rid of the foreign protein.  So the more you
scratch, the more it will swell; the itchier it will get; and the longer it
will last.
Only female mosquitoes drink blood.  They don't need the blood for their own
nourishment; rather, they need it to be able to produce eggs.  Once the
female has safely acquired a "blood meal", she will rest for a few days
while her body develops the eggs from digesting the proteins and iron in the
blood, producing amino acids which are used as the building blocks for the
synthesis of the egg yolk proteins.
Male and female mosquitoes alike get their nourishment from plant nectar and
other sugar sources.
It is not uncommon to build up a tolerance to mosquito saliva, if you
receive enough mosquito bites regularly over an extended period of time.
This immunity will wear off after a couple years, if you cease to get bitten
somewhat regularly.
Although you may see mosquitoes buzzing around at any time of day or night,
mosquitoes tend to be most active a few hours before sunrise and a few hours
after sundown.  Their appearance at other times of the day tends to be as a
response to being disturbed.
Some easy and effective ways to treat mosquito bites to reduce swelling and
itchiness include:
Applying a piece of Scotch tape onto the bite and leave it there for a few
hours, then gently remove the tape.  This will not only help remove some of
the saliva that caused the itch, thus speeding up recovery time, but also
will reduce the itch significantly in the process.
Apply roll-on antiperspirant to the bite.  The itching should stop almost
immediately.  The aluminum salts in the antiperspirant help the body
reabsorb the fluids in the bite, which will reduce the swelling and get rid
of most of the itching.
Make a paste from baking soda and water and apply directly to the mosquito
bite.
Another paste to make is a paste from any meat tenderizer that contains
papain.  Mix it with water and spread it on the bite.  The papain breaks
down the proteins found in the mosquito saliva, which will help reduce your
body's reaction to the saliva.
Soak a wash cloth in very hot water.  This should be not so hot that it
burns your skin, but should, nevertheless, be almost uncomfortably hot.
Hold the hot wash cloth against your mosquito bite for a minute or two and
repeat.  This should cause the itch to disappear completely for at least
several hours.  This works by reducing the histamine-induced skin blood
flow.
Similarly, you could simply soak in a hot bath to achieve the same results.
Another good home remedy is to apply nail polish to the bite.  This might
look funny, depending on where the bite is, but should reduce the itch
considerably.
Use some of the flexible membrane inside a chicken egg shell to cover the
bite.  As it dries and contracts on the bite, it will draw out some of the
mosquito's saliva.
Rub a wet bar of soap over the mosquito bite.  You should feel an almost
immediate relief from the itch.
Mosquitoes have four stages to their life cycle: egg, larva, pupa, and
adult.  During the first three stages, they live entirely in water.  During
the larva stage, they feed on algae and other microorganisms and must
frequently bob to the surface of the water to get air.   During the pupa
stage, they do not eat, but do sit at the surface and breath air through two
small tubes.  At the end of the pupal stage, the mosquitoes transform into
adult mosquitoes and, after crawling to a dry place to rest and dry off,
leave the water.
There are about 3,500 different species of mosquitoes throughout the world,
including one type, of the genus Toxorhynchites, that doesn't drink blood,
but preys on other mosquito larvae when they themselves are in the larvae
stage.
Adult female mosquitoes can typically live 4-8 weeks, but in the wild tend
only to last about 1-2 weeks, due to a variety of factors including
temperature, humidity, food sources, and predators.  Adult male mosquitoes
typically only live a few days after they mate, which tends to happen quite
quickly after they reach adulthood.
Female mosquitoes detect possible blood sources primarily by detecting
emitted carbon dioxide and octenol, which are both contained in your breath
and sweat, along with a variety of other compounds which are lesser known in
terms of which ones most attract mosquitoes.  People who give off more of
these compounds, such as people who sweat more, will be more attractive to
these mosquitoes.   The mosquitoes can typically detect these compounds up
to 150 feet away.
A person whose body is more efficient at processing cholesterol is much more
attractive to mosquitoes because the byproducts of this processing appear on
the surface of the skin and seem to attract mosquitoes.
Female mosquitoes also hunt using sight.  If you are moving around and your
clothing contrasts with the background, the mosquito can zero in on you,
even if they aren't otherwise sensing you.
If the female mosquitoes are close enough, they can also find you using
their heat sensors.
Mosquitoes annually transmit diseases to over two-thirds of a billion people
or around 1/10th of the human population.  About two million of these people
die from whatever disease they received through the mosquito bite.
Mosquitoes that have similar anatomy to modern species have been around for
at least 80 million years, with the first such specimen found encased in
Canadian amber.  It is thought that mosquitoes have been around for around
170 million years.
One of few effective mosquito and other bug deterrent, such as ticks, is
DEET, which was created in 1940s by the United States Army; they were
seeking to make a bug repellent for soldiers.  It was first used as a
pesticide and later used by soldiers as a repellent in 1946.  It was
released for civilian usage in 1957.
DEET has been proven to be by far the most effective bug repellent available
to date.  A repellent mixture with only a 23.8% concentration of DEET will
protect the wearer for about five hours; 100% concentration of DEET has been
found to be effective for about 12 hours.  DEET works by confusing the
mosquito's sensors so that they can't zero in on the location of the
compounds stimulating their sensors, such as octenol.  Recent research has
also shown that mosquitoes, in particular, aren't just having their senses
confused, but also intensely dislike the smell of DEET.  DEET also acts on
the brains and nervous systems of insects and, in extreme cases, can cause
paralysis and eventual death by asphyxiation in the insects.
DEET stands for N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide.
DEET works well as a solvent and can dissolve certain plastics, spandex,
leather, and works as a nail polish remover.
Other less effective mosquito repellents include: picaridin, which is
odorless, unlike DEET; metofluthrin, which is available in strips that you
can place outside in areas you want mosquitoes to stay away from or can be
used as a wearable form of repellent in a small container that you clip to
your clothing; Another effective mosquito "deterrent" is actually a mosquito
attractant device that produces a lot of carbon dioxide and heat.  This then
lures the mosquitoes into the device where it traps and ultimately kills
them.  These devices placed near mosquito breeding grounds have drastically
reduced mosquito populations in certain areas.
- - - - - -

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