[Art_beyond_sight_educators] How Do Blind People Picture Reality?

[fnugg at online.no]

How Do Blind People Picture Reality?

Paul Gabias has never seen a table. He was born prematurely and went 
blind shortly thereafter, most likely because of overexposure to oxygen 
in his incubator. And yet, Gabias, 60, has no trouble perceiving the 
table next to him. "My image of the table is exactly the same as a 
table," he said. "It has height, depth, width, texture; I can picture 
the whole thing all at once. It just has no color."

If you have trouble constructing a mental picture of a table that has no 
color 
<http://www.lifeslittlemysteries.com/1796-color-symbolism-meanings.html> 
--- not even black or white --- that's probably because you're blinded 
by your ability to see. Sighted people visualize the surrounding world 
by detecting borders between areas rich in different wavelengths of 
light, which we see as different colors. Gabias, like many blind people, 
builds pictures using his sense of touch, and by listening to the echoes 
of clicks of his tongue and taps of his cane as these sounds bounce off 
objects in his surroundings, a technique called echolocation.

"There's plenty of imagery that goes on all the time in blind people," 
he told Life's Little Mysteries. "It just isn't visual."


As well as being blind himself, Gabias is an associate professor of 
psychology at the University of British Columbia who conducts research 
on perceptual and cognitive aspects of blindness. His personal and 
professional experience leads him to believe that the brains of blind 
people <http://www.lifeslittlemysteries.com/2099-blind-people.html> work 
around the lack of visual information, and find other ways to achieve 
the same, vitally important result: a detailed 3D map of space.

The brain region neuroscientists normally think of as the "visual" 
cortex, rather than being left to languish, plays a key role in the 
blind's mental mapping process.

In sighted people, visual information first goes to the visual cortex, 
which is located in the occipital lobe at the back of the brain. From 
there, it goes to the parietal lobe, sometimes referred to as the "where 
system" because it generates awareness of a sensed object's location. 
Next, the information is routed to the temporal lobe, also known as the 
"what system" because it identifies the object.

Evidence from recent brain-imaging experiments indicates that blind 
people's brains harness this same neural circuitry. "When blind people 
read Braille using touch, the sensory data is being sent to and 
processed in the visual cortex," said Morton Heller, a psychologist who 
studies spatial cognition and blindness at Eastern Illinois University. 
"Using touch, they get a sense of space" --- and the relative locations 
of the raised dots that form Braille letters --- "that's not visual, 
it's just spatial."

http://www.livescience.com/23709-blind-people-picture-reality.html