[blparent] [Bulk] Re: [Bulk] bathing an infant

[Tammy, Paul and Colyn]

Hi,

Can I ask why you felt the need to circumsize your son/  I mean, did you do 
any research or did you just go on what your friend's son experienced?  My 
son Colyn was circumsized for religious reasons, his father is Jewish, and I 
didn't want him to have to go through a circumssition in later life if he 
chose to become Jewish.  I was in the room when they did the procedure, and 
although it didn't hurt him then, it did afterword, and I will never put a 
child of mine through that again no matter what anybody says.

Tammy
----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Elizabeth Cooks" <elizabethcooks at comcast.net>
To: "NFBnet Blind Parents Mailing List" <blparent at nfbnet.org>
Sent: Monday, June 29, 2009 6:47 PM
Subject: [Bulk] Re: [blparent] [Bulk] bathing an infant


> If you had been paying attention to anything I said, then you would know 
> that my son was circumcized two weeks after birth.  I flet it was much 
> cleaner and safer.
> ----- Original Message ----- 
> From: "Amber Boggs" <amberboggs at socal.rr.com>
> To: "NFBnet Blind Parents Mailing List" <blparent at nfbnet.org>
> Sent: Monday, June 29, 2009 2:06 PM
> Subject: Re: [blparent] [Bulk] bathing an infant
>
>
>> Alizabith, Not to be rude, but do you have an intact boy? Were you around 
>> the mother every second of the day to no what and how she was doing  with 
>> her kid? Have you red books articles etc from well known and respected 
>> PEDS and doctors on Circomsition? Have you visited nocirc.org and red the 
>> articles on The care of an intact boy? If no to any of these questions, 
>> then I would be happy to pass on some information t oyou. I have no 
>> problems debaiting to circ or not to, and feel very strongly about 
>> keeping a boy intact, but to sit and see someone giving advice and 
>> telling people what will and can happen when they do not have one all the 
>> facts, and two have a circed boy and are only going on second hand 
>> experience, it makes me crazy. Here is just one of many many articles and 
>> well resurched advice about an intact baby and man.
>> Note this Part. "Thanks to the foreskin, the intact penis is protected 
>> from dirt
>> and contamination.
>> While this important protective function is extremely useful while the 
>> baby is in
>> diapers, the foreskin provides protection to the glans and urinary 
>> opening for a
>> lifetime. At all ages, the foreskin keeps the glans safe, soft, and 
>> clean.
>> Throughout childhood, there is no need to wash underneath the foreskin. 
>> Mothers used
>> to be advised to retract the foreskin and wash beneath it every day. This 
>> was very
>> bad advice indeed. When the foreskin becomes fully retractable, usually 
>> by the end
>> of puberty, your son can retract it and rinse his glans with warm water 
>> while he
>> is in the shower."
>> Protect Your Uncircumcised Son: Expert Medical Advice for Parents
>> By Paul M. Fleiss
>> Mothering Magazine, Issue 103, November/December 103
>> Increasing numbers of American parents today are protecting their sons 
>> from routine
>> circumcision at birth, but as their boys grow up, they often find 
>> themselves at odds
>> with doctors who cling to old-fashioned opinions and hospital routines.
>> I often receive calls from distraught parents who say that a doctor 
>> insists that
>> their little boy needs to be circumcised because there is something 
>> wrong. When they
>> bring their son into my office, I almost always find that there's nothing 
>> wrong with
>> the child's penis. Occasionally there's a slight infection, but that can 
>> be quickly
>> cleared up with an antibiotic cream. In all my years of practice, I've 
>> never had
>> a patient who had to be circumcised for medical reasons.
>> When a doctor advises that your son be circumcised, it's usually because 
>> he or she
>> is unfamiliar with the intact penis, misinformed about the true 
>> indications for surgical
>> amputation of the foreskin, unaware of the functions of the foreskin, and 
>> uncomfortable
>> with the movement away from routine circumcision.
>> Doctors can be psychologically challenged by the sight of an intact boy. 
>> They may
>> see problems with the penis that do not really exist. They may try to 
>> convince you
>> that the natural penis is somehow difficult to care for. They may cite 
>> "studies"
>> and "statistics" that appear to support circumcision.
>> Probably, the only problem you will encounter with the foreskin of your 
>> intact boy
>> is that someone will think that he has a problem. The foreskin is a 
>> perfectly normal
>> part of the human body, and it has very definite purposes, as do all body 
>> parts,
>> even if we do not readily recognize them. There's no need to worry about 
>> your son's
>> intact penis.
>> What to Say When the Doctor Says to Cut
>> Below is a list of some of the things that doctors have said to parents 
>> in an attempt
>> to convince them to agree to circumcision. After each incorrect 
>> statement, I've given
>> the medical facts to help you understand what your doctor may not know 
>> about the
>> intact penis and its care, and what you need to know to protect your 
>> child from unnecessary
>> penile surgery. If you ever find yourself in a situation where a doctor 
>> suggests
>> that your child should be circumcised, the best thing that you can say is 
>> simply:
>> "Leave it alone."
>> -Your son's foreskin should be cut off in order to facilitate hygiene.
>> My experience as a pediatrician has convinced me that circumcision makes 
>> the penis
>> dirtier, a fact that was confirmed by a study recently published in the 
>> British Journal
>> of Urology.1 For at least a week after circumcision, the baby is left 
>> with a large
>> open wound that is in almost constant contact with urine and 
>> feces--hardly a hygienic
>> advantage. Additionally, throughout life the circumcised penis is open 
>> and exposed
>> to dirt and contaminants of all kinds. The wrinkles and folds that often 
>> form around
>> the circumcision scar frequently harbor dirt and germs.
>> Thanks to the foreskin, the intact penis is protected from dirt and 
>> contamination.
>> While this important protective function is extremely useful while the 
>> baby is in
>> diapers, the foreskin provides protection to the glans and urinary 
>> opening for a
>> lifetime. At all ages, the foreskin keeps the glans safe, soft, and 
>> clean.
>> Throughout childhood, there is no need to wash underneath the foreskin. 
>> Mothers used
>> to be advised to retract the foreskin and wash beneath it every day. This 
>> was very
>> bad advice indeed. When the foreskin becomes fully retractable, usually 
>> by the end
>> of puberty, your son can retract it and rinse his glans with warm water 
>> while he
>> is in the shower.
>> -Your son's foreskin is too tight. It doesn't retract. He needs to be 
>> circumcised.
>> The tightness of the foreskin is a safety mechanism that protects the 
>> glans and urethra
>> from direct exposure to contaminants and germs. The tight foreskin also 
>> keeps the
>> boy's glans warm, clean, and moist, and when he is an adult, it will give 
>> him pleasure.
>> As long as your son can urinate, he is perfectly normal. There is no age 
>> by which
>> a child's foreskin must be retractable. Do not let your doctor or anyone 
>> try to retract
>> your child's foreskin. Optimal hygiene of the penis demands that the 
>> foreskin of
>> infants and children be left alone. Premature retraction rips the skin of 
>> the penis
>> open and causes your child extreme pain. There is no legitimate medical 
>> justification
>> for retraction. The child's discomfort is proof of that.
>> -Your son's foreskin is "adhered" to the glans. It must be amputated.
>> The attachment of the foreskin and glans is nature's way of protecting 
>> the undeveloped
>> glans from premature exposure. Detachment is a normal physiological 
>> process that
>> can take up to two decades to complete. By the end of puberty, the 
>> foreskin will
>> have detached from the glans because hormones that are produced in great 
>> quantities
>> at puberty help with the process. There is no age by which a child's 
>> foreskin must
>> be fully separated from the glans.
>> Some misguided doctors might suggest that the "adhesions" between the 
>> foreskin and
>> glans should be broken so that your son can retract his foreskin. This 
>> procedure
>> is called synechotomy. To perform it, the doctor pushes a blunt metal 
>> probe under
>> the foreskin and forcibly rips it from the glans. It's as painful and 
>> traumatic as
>> having a metal probe stuck under your fingernail to pull if off. It will 
>> also cause
>> bleeding and may result in infection and scarring of the inner lining of 
>> the foreskin
>> and the glans. The wounds that are created by this forced separation can 
>> fuse together,
>> causing true adhesions. There is no medical justification for this 
>> procedure because
>> the foreskin is not supposed to be separated from the glans in childhood. 
>> If any
>> doctor suggests this procedure for your son, firmly refuse, stating, 
>> "Leave it alone!"
>> -Your son's foreskin is getting tighter. It no longer retracts. Something 
>> is wrong.
>> He will have to be circumcised.
>> Sometimes, in childhood, a previously retractable foreskin will become 
>> resistant
>> to retraction for reasons that are unrelated to impending puberty. In 
>> these cases,
>> the opening of the foreskin may look chapped and sting when your son 
>> urinates. This
>> is not an indication for surgery any more than chapped lips. This is just 
>> the foreskin
>> doing its job. If the foreskin were not there, the glans and urinary 
>> opening would
>> be chapped instead. Chapping is most often caused by ov erly chlorinated 
>> swimming
>> pools, harsh soap, bubble baths, or a diet that is too high in sugar, all 
>> of which
>> destroy the natural balance of skin bacteria and should be avoided if 
>> chapping occurs.
>> The foreskin becomes resistant to retraction until a natural and healthy 
>> bacterial
>> balance is reestablished.
>> You can aid healing by having your son apply a little barrier cream or 
>> some ointment
>> to the opening of the foreskin. Acidophilus culture (which can be 
>> purchased from
>> a health food store) can be taken internally and also applied to the 
>> foreskin several
>> times a day to assist healing, and should be given any time a child is 
>> taking antibiotics.
>> -Your son's foreskin is red, inflamed, itching, and uncomfortable. It has 
>> an infection
>> and needs to be cut off.
>> Sometimes the tip of the foreskin does become reddened. During the 
>> diaper-wearing
>> years, this is usually ammoniacal dermatitis, commonly known as diaper 
>> rash. When
>> normal skin bacteria and feces react with urine, they produce ammonia, 
>> which burns
>> the skin and causes inflammation and discomfort. If the foreskin were 
>> amputated,
>> the inflammation would be on the glans itself and could enter the 
>> urethra. When the
>> foreskin becomes reddened, it is doing its job of protecting the glans 
>> and urinary
>> meatus.
>> Circumcision will have no effect on diaper rash. Change your baby's 
>> diapers more
>> frequently and use a barrier cream until the rash clears. Harsh bath 
>> soaps can also
>> cause inflammation of the foreskin. Use only the gentlest and purest of 
>> soap on your
>> child's tender skin. Resist the temptation to give your child bubble 
>> baths, because
>> these are harmful to the skin. Never use soap to wash the inner foreskin 
>> because
>> it is mucous membrane, just like the inner lining of the eyelid.
>> Foreskin infections are extremely rare, but if they occur, one of the 
>> many simple
>> treatment options is antibiotic ointment along with bacterial replacement 
>> therapy
>> (Acidophilus culture). We don't amputate body parts because of an 
>> infection. Most
>> infections of the foreskin are actually caused by washing the foreskin 
>> with soap.
>> Leave the foreskin alone, remembering that it doesn't need any special 
>> washing, and
>> infections will be unlikely to occur.
>> -Your son is always pulling on his foreskin. He should be circumcised.
>> I can assure you that, whether circumcised or not, all little boys touch 
>> and pull
>> on their penis. It is perfectly normal. Intact boys pull on the foreskin 
>> because
>> it is there to pull on. Circumcised boys pull on the glans because that 
>> is all they
>> have to pull on. Little boys sometimes will adjust the position of their 
>> penis in
>> their underpants. They will also sometimes explore the interior of the 
>> foreskin with
>> their fingers--a perfectly normal curiosity and nothing to worry about. 
>> It is important
>> for parents to cultivate an enlightened and tender congeniality about 
>> such matters,
>> otherwise they risk transferring unhealthy attitudes to their children.
>> Sometimes a boy will pull on his foreskin because it itches. All parts of 
>> the body
>> itch occasionally. Even a circumcised boy has to scratch his penis. Just 
>> as you don't
>> worry every time your child scratches his knee, so you should not worry 
>> when he scratches
>> his penis. If the itch is caused by dry skin, then have your son avoid 
>> using soap
>> on his penis. Treat the foreskin just as you would any other part of the 
>> body.
>> If the real fear is of masturbation, calmly remind yourself of the 
>> simple, natural
>> fact that all children will explore their bodies, including their 
>> genitals. Touching
>> their genitals gives children a pleasant feeling and relaxes them. 
>> Classic anatomical
>> studies demonstrate that the foreskin is the most pleasurably sensitive 
>> part of the
>> penis. You can congratulate yourself for having protected your child from 
>> a surgical
>> amputation that would have permanently denied him normal sensations.
>> -Your son's foreskin is too long. It should be cut off.
>> There is tremendous variation in foreskin length. In some boys, the 
>> foreskin represents
>> over half the length of the penis. In others, it barely reaches the end 
>> of the glans.
>> All variations are normal. The foreskin is never "just extra skin" or 
>> "redundant."
>> It is all there for a reason.
>> -Your child should be circumcised now because it will hurt more if it has 
>> to be done
>> later, or worse, when he is an adult.
>> This excuse is tragically wrong and has resulted in a very serious crisis 
>> in American
>> medical practice. It's based on the false idea that infants and young 
>> children don't
>> feel pain. Babies can see, hear, taste, smell, and feel. In fact, babies 
>> feel pain
>> more acutely than adults, and the younger the baby, the more acutely the 
>> pain is
>> felt. If an adult needed to be circumcised, he would be given anesthesia 
>> and postoperative
>> pain relief. Doctors almost never give babies either of these. The only 
>> reason doctors
>> get away with circumcising babies without anesthesia is because the baby 
>> is defenseless
>> and cannot protect himself. His screams of pain, terror, and agony are 
>> ignored. In
>> any event, this all too common excuse is merely a scare tactic, one with 
>> tragic consequences
>> for any baby forced to endure a surgical amputation without the benefit 
>> of anesthesia.
>> -Since your son is having anesthesia for another operation, we'll just go 
>> ahead and
>> circumcise him.
>> Most parents are never told that their son is in danger of being 
>> circumcised during
>> a tonsillectomy or surgery for a hernia or an undescended testicle. It 
>> would never
>> occur to them. If your child is going into the hospital for any reason, 
>> be certain
>> that you tell the physician, surgeon, and nurse that under no 
>> circumstances is your
>> child to be circumcised. Write "No Circumcision" on the consent form, 
>> too. Then if
>> your child is circumcised against your wishes, remember that you do have 
>> legal recourse.
>> -Your son has cysts under his foreskin. He needs to be circumcised.
>> During the period when the foreskin is undergoing the slow process of 
>> detaching itself
>> from the glans, sloughed skin cells (smegma) may collect into small 
>> pockets of white
>> "pearls." These are not cysts. Some doctors mistakenly think that the 
>> smegma under
>> the foreskin is an infection, even though it is white rather than red, is 
>> cold to
>> the touch, and is painless. As the foreskin proceeds with detachment, the 
>> body will
>> do its job, and these pearls will pass out of the foreskin all by 
>> themselves. These
>> collected pockets of cells are nothing to worry about. They are simply an 
>> indication
>> that the natural process of detachment is occurring.
>> -Your son has a urinary tract infection (UTI) and needs to be circumcised 
>> to prevent
>> it from happening again.
>> The belief that the foreskin slightly increases the chances of a boy 
>> having a UTI
>> is highly controversial and, more importantly, unproven. Members of the 
>> medical profession
>> in Europe do not accept it. Medical research proves that UTIs are most 
>> often caused
>> by internal congenital deformities of the urinary tract. 2,3,4 The 
>> foreskin has nothing
>> to do with this. Even if it could be proven that circumcision slightly 
>> reduces the
>> risk of UTI, it is an absurd proposal because UTIs in boys are extremely 
>> rare and
>> are easily treated with antibiotics. Breastfeeding, too, helps prevent 
>> UTIs. Child-friendly
>> doctors advocate breastfeeding not penile surgery.
>> -Your son sprays when he urinates. Circumcision will correct this.
>> In almost every intact boy, the urine stream flows out of the urinary 
>> opening in
>> the glans and through the foreskin in a neat stream. During the process 
>> of penile
>> growth and development, some boys go through a period where the urine 
>> stream is diffused.
>> Undoubtedly, many of these boys take great delight in this phase, while 
>> mothers,
>> understandably, find it less amusing. If your boy has entered a spraying 
>> phase, simply
>> instruct him to retract his foreskin enough to expose the meatus when he 
>> urinates.
>> He will soon outgrow this phase.
>> -Your son's foreskin balloons when he urinates. He needs to be 
>> circumcised or else
>> he will suffer kidney damage.
>> Ballooning of the foreskin during urination is a normal and temporary 
>> condition in
>> some boys. It results in no discomfort and is usually a source of great 
>> delight for
>> little boys. Ballooning comes as a surprise only to those adults who have 
>> no experience
>> with this phase of penile development. It certainly does not cause kidney 
>> damage;
>> it has nothing to do with the kidneys. Ballooning disappears as the 
>> foreskin and
>> glans separate and the opening of the foreskin increases in diameter. It 
>> requires
>> no treatment.
>> -Your son caught his foreskin in the zipper of his trousers; we will have 
>> to cut
>> it off.
>> There have been rare cases where a boy has accidentally caught part of 
>> the skin of
>> his penis in the zipper of his trousers. This is painful and can cause a 
>> lot of bleeding.
>> Cutting off the foreskin, however, is illogical in this situation. By 
>> cutting across
>> the bottom of the zipper with scissors, the zipper can easily be opened 
>> to release
>> the penile tissue. Any lacerations in the skin can then be closed with 
>> either sutures
>> or surgical tape, depending on the situation. The proper standard of care 
>> in this
>> situation is to minimize and repair the injury, not make it worse by 
>> cutting off
>> the foreskin and creating a larger and more painful surgical wound.
>> -Your son has phimosis. He needs to be circumcised to correct this 
>> problem.
>> Phimosis is often used as a diagnosis when a doctor does not understand 
>> that the
>> child's foreskin is supposed to be long, narrow, attached to the glans, 
>> and resistant
>> to retraction. Some doctors are prescribing steroid creams for phimosis, 
>> but this
>> is unnecessary in children, since the foreskin does not need to be 
>> retractable in
>> young boys. The hormones of puberty will do the same thing at the 
>> appropriate time
>> that a steroid cream is doing prematurely. In adults who still have a 
>> foreskin that
>> is attached to the glans or a foreskin with such a narrow opening that 
>> the glans
>> cannot easily pass through it, steroid creams are a conservative therapy. 
>> This is
>> if the adult wants a foreskin that fully retracts. Many males don't, 
>> preferring a
>> foreskin that remains securely over the glans. It is purely a matter of 
>> personal
>> choice, one that only each male can decide for himself.
>> -Your son has paraphimosis and must be circumcised to prevent it from 
>> happening again.
>> Paraphimosis is a rare dislocation of the foreskin. It is caused by the 
>> foreskin
>> being prematurely retracted and becoming stuck behind the glans. The 
>> dislocation
>> can most often be corrected by applying firm but gentle pressure on the 
>> glans with
>> the thumbs, as if you were pushing a cork into a bottle. To reduce the 
>> swelling,
>> an injection of hyaluronidase may be effective. Doctors in Britain have 
>> also reported
>> good results from packing the penis in granulated sugar.5 Ice packs work 
>> well, too.
>> -Your son has BXO and will have to be circumcised.
>> Some doctors equate phimosis with an extremely rare skin disorder called 
>> balanitis
>> xerotica obliterans (BXO), which is also called lichen sclerosus et 
>> atrophicus (LSA).
>> BXO can appear anywhere on the body, but if this disorder affects the 
>> foreskin, it
>> may turn the opening of the foreskin hard, white, sclerotic, and make 
>> retraction
>> almost impossible. BXO is usually painless and progresses very slowly. 
>> Many times,
>> it goes away by itself. To an experienced dermatologist, there is no 
>> mistaking BXO,
>> but a diagnosis must be confirmed by a biopsy. The good news is that BXO 
>> can almost
>> always be successfully cured with steroid creams, carbon dioxide laser 
>> treatment,
>> or even antibiotics. Circumcision should be considered only after every 
>> other treatment
>> option has failed. Just as we do not amputate the labia of females with 
>> BXO or the
>> glans of circumcised boys with BXO, it is logical that we should not 
>> amputate the
>> foreskin of intact boys with BXO.
>> -Your son needs to be circumcised or else he won't enjoy oral sex as an 
>> adult.
>> I'm afraid that doctors really have said such inappropriate things to 
>> parents. Such
>> a statement is evidence of ignorance of the normal functions and 
>> sensations of the
>> intact penis. Classic anatomical investigations have proven that the 
>> foreskin is
>> the most richly innervated part of the penis. It has specialized nerve 
>> receptors
>> that are directly connected to the pleasure centers of the brain. Your 
>> intact son
>> is far better equipped to enjoy all aspects of lovemaking than his 
>> circumcised peers.
>> The myth that American women prefer the circumcised penis is, in my 
>> opinion, demeaning
>> to women. It may be true that American women of a certain generation and 
>> social background
>> were more likely to be familiar with the circumcised penis than the 
>> intact penis,
>> but this was the result of the mass circumcision campaigns of the 1950s 
>> not personal
>> preference. I suspect that what women prefer in men is more related to 
>> the personal
>> qualities of consideration, gentleness, sensitivity, warmth, and 
>> supportiveness.
>> It is very unlikely that circumcision increases a male's capacity to 
>> develop these
>> qualities.
>> -Your son needs to be circumcised so that he looks like his father.
>> A child is a mixture of both his mother's and his father's genetic 
>> heritage. He doesn't
>> need to look like his father, nor will he ever look like his father in 
>> every way.
>> Each child is a unique gift, and that uniqueness should be cherished. The 
>> idea that
>> a boy will be disturbed if his penis does not look like his father's was 
>> invented
>> to manipulate people into letting doctors circumcise their children. It 
>> has no basis
>> in medical fact.
>> There are no published reports of an intact boy being disturbed because 
>> part of his
>> penis was not cut off when he realized that part of his father's penis 
>> had been cut
>> off. When intact boys with circumcised fathers express their feelings on 
>> the matter,
>> they consistently report their immense relief and gratitude that they 
>> were spared
>> penile surgery. They express sadness, as well, for the suffering their 
>> dads experienced
>> as infants.6
>> Occasionally, a circumcised father will state that he wants his child 
>> circumcised
>> because he thinks that it will create a bond between him and his son. It 
>> is a wonderful
>> thing for a father to want to establish such a bond, but circumcision 
>> cannot accomplish
>> this worthy goal. If a father wants to establish a lasting and meaningful 
>> bond with
>> his son, the very best way, and perhaps the only way, he can achieve this 
>> is by spending
>> quality time with him and by showing him much affection.
>> Sadly, some fathers who have been circumcised have an unhealthy attitude 
>> and may
>> look for any excuse to schedule the child for circumcision. Putting a 
>> child in a
>> position where he fears that part of his penis is going to be cut off is 
>> abusive.
>> When fathers demand that their sons be circumcised, I suspect that they 
>> are desperately
>> trying to justify their own circumcised condition. The emotions that some 
>> fathers
>> feel when they are forced to confront the fact that part of their own 
>> penis is missing
>> can be so disturbing that they will do anything to block them out.
>> A father who forcibly circumcises his son will not win his son's 
>> gratitude, affection,
>> trust, or love. I am aware of instances where such events have 
>> permanently destroyed
>> the father-son bond and changed a son's love for his father into rage and 
>> bitter
>> resentment. In situations where the father suffers from an unhealthy 
>> attitude about
>> his son's normal penis, I think it is best for everyone 
>> concerned--especially the
>> son--for the father to receive compassionate psychological counseling to 
>> help him
>> overcome his problem. All children deserve the saf est, most nurturing, 
>> and most
>> loving home possible.
>> When physicians realize the important functions of the foreskin, they'll 
>> realize
>> that just about every problem with it can and should be solved without 
>> cutting it
>> off. Cutting off part of the body--especially part of the penis--is an 
>> extreme measure
>> that should be reserved for the most extreme of circumstances. The only 
>> legitimate
>> indications for cutting off any part of the body, including the foreskin, 
>> are life-threatening
>> disease, life-threatening deformity, or irreparable damage. These 
>> situations are
>> extremely rare.
>> The best advice for the care of the intact penis is simply to leave it 
>> alone. The
>> intact penis needs no special care. Let your boy take care of it himself, 
>> and when
>> he's old enough, he will enjoy taking care of his own body. After all, 
>> it's his business.
>> Just relax and avoid worrying about your son's intact penis. Remind 
>> yourself that
>> the foreskin is a normal and natural part of the body. If European boys 
>> grow up healthy
>> and unconcerned with their foreskins, so can your son.
>> NOTES
>> 1. R. S. Van Howe, "Variability in Penile Appearance and Penile Findings: 
>> A Prospective
>> Study," British Journal of Urology 80, no. 5 (November 1997): 776-782.
>> 2. J. Winberg, I. Bollgren, L. Gothefors, M. Herthelius, and K. Tullus, 
>> "The Prepuce:
>> A Mistake of Nature?" The Lancet 8638, no. 1 (March 1989): 598-599.
>> 3. S. M. Downs, "Technical Report: Urinary Tract Infections in Febrile 
>> Infants and
>> Young Children," The Urinary Tract Subcommittee of the American Academy 
>> of Pediatrics
>> Committee on Quality Improvement, Pediatrics 103, no. 4 (April 1999): 
>> e54.
>> 4. M. A. Gill and G. E. Schutze, "Citrobacter Urinary Tract Infections in 
>> Children,"
>> Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 18, no. 10 (October 1999): 889-892.
>> 5. R. Kerwat, A. Shandall, and B. Stephenson, "Reduction of Paraphimosis 
>> with Granulated
>> Sugar," British Journal of Urology 82, no. 5 (November 1998): 755.
>> 6. Rosemary Romberg, Circumcision: The Painful Dilemma (South Hadley, 
>> Mass.: Bergan
>> & Garvey, 1985).
>> FOR MORE INFORMATION
>> Organizations
>> If your physician or healthcare provider ever recommends that your child 
>> be circumcised,
>> get another opinion from a physician who understands the important 
>> functions of the
>> foreskin, no matter how "urgent" the situation may be. For help finding 
>> one in your
>> area, contact:
>> National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers 
>> (NOCIRC). PO Box
>> 2512, San Anselmo, CA 94979-2512.
>>               415-488-9883        . Fax: 415-488-9660.
>> www.nocirc.org/
>> Doctors are encouraged to contact and join:
>> Doctors Opposing Circumcision (DOC). 2442 NW Market Street #42, Seattle, 
>> WA 98107.
>> 360-385-1882
>> . Fax: 360-385-1948. faculty.washington.edu/gcd/DOC/
>> Another resource especially for nurses:
>> Nurses for the Rights of the Child. 369 Montezuma #354, Santa Fe, NM 
>> 87501.
>> 505-989-7377        .
>> www.cirp.org/nrc/
>> For information about alternative bris for Jewish parents:
>> Circumcision Resource Center. Ronald Goldman, PhD. PO Box 232, Boston, MA 
>> 02133.
>> 617-523-0088        .
>> www.circumcision.org/
>> One of the best sources of information on the Internet:
>> The Circumcision Information and Resource Pages.
>> www.cirp.org/
>> Books
>> Denniston, G. C., F. M. Hodges, and M. F. Milos, eds. Male and Female 
>> Circumcision:
>> Medical, Ethical, and Legal Issues in Pediatric Practice. Kluwer 
>> Academic/Plenum
>> Press, 1999.
>> Goldman, Ronald. Circumcision: The Hidden Trauma. Vanguard, 1996.
>> Illingworth, Ronald S. The Normal Child: Some Problems of the Early Years 
>> and Their
>> Treatment. Tenth edition. Churchill Livingstone, 1991.
>> O'Mara, Peggy, ed. Circumcision: The Rest of the Story. Mothering, 1993.
>> Ritter, Thomas, and George C. Denniston. Say No to Circumcision! Second 
>> edition.
>> Hourglass, 1996.
>> Books of special interest for Jewish parents: Goldman, Ronald. 
>> Questioning Circumcision:
>> A Jewish Perspective. Vanguard, 1997.
>> Hoffman, Lawrence A. Covenant of Blood: Circumcision and Gender in 
>> Rabbinic Judaism.
>> University of Chicago Press, 1996.
>> Weiner, Kayla. Jewish Women Speak Out: Expanding the Boundaries of 
>> Psychology. Canopy
>> Press, 1995.
>> Important medical journal articles: DeVries, C. R., A. K. Miller, and M. 
>> G. Packer.
>> "Reduction of Paraphimosis with Hyaluronidase." Urology 48 (1996): 
>> 464-465.
>> Fleiss, P. M., F. M. Hodges, and R. S. Van Howe. "Immunological Functions 
>> of the
>> Human Prepuce." Sexually Transmitted Infections 74 (1998): 364-367.
>> Jorgensen, E. T., and A. Svensson. "Problems with the Penis and Prepuce 
>> in Children:
>> Lichen Sclerosus Should Be Treated with Coricosteroids to Reduce Need for 
>> Surgery."
>> British Medical Journal 313 (September 14, 1996): 692.
>> Nolan, J. F., T. J. Stillwell, and J. P. Sands, Jr. "Acute Management of 
>> the Zipper-Entrapped
>> Penis." Journal of Emergency Medicine 8 (1990): 305-307.
>> Shaw, Angus. "Africa to Address AIDS at Conference." Science (September 
>> 10, 1999).
>> Van Howe, R. S. "Circumcision and HIV Infection: Review of the Literature 
>> and Meta-analysis."
>> International Journal of STD & AIDS 10 (1999): 8-16.
>> Van Howe, R. S. "Does Circumcision Influence Sexually Transmitted 
>> Diseases? A Literature
>> Review." British Journal of Urology International 83, Supplement 1 
>> (1999 ): 52-62.
>>
>>
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