[Nfb-history] Helen KEller
Peggy Chong
peggychong at earthlink.net
Tue Jun 6 13:14:13 UTC 2017
Helen Keller
There are several books written about Helen Keller and a few written by her.
Each has a little different slant on her life and her opinions.
Keller was definitely a promotional tool for the AFB. But we also have to
look at the times she lived in. Who else would have hired her in the
1920's? Maybe a sheltered shop. How else would she have been able to have
afforded an interpreter, traveled, had access to basic information without
income from promoting and raising funds for AFB. OR, she would have gone
back home and stayed on the family farm for the rest of her life creating
needlework projects. She had to make choices. At the time, were there any
other choices for her to make? We can only guess.
It is easy for us to judge others by today's standards.
I remember reading several articles about Hattie McDaniel, the black woman
who played Mammy and the repercussions of that role for the black actress
from black civil rights leaders. I remember that she was one of the first
black women to break through the color barrier and have a major part in a
white picture. At the academy Awards ceremony the year Gone with the Wind
was up for so many awards, the star being honored had to sit at a segregated
table. She also said once to her critics "Why should I complain about
making $700 a week playing a maid? If I didn't, I'd be making $7 a week
being one."
Helen Keller made many break through's for the blind community. Here in New
Mexico in 1941, she lent her name and support to legislation sponsored by a
blind legislator for a separate agency for the blind. She travelled here to
the state, brought media coverage to the state of affairs of the blind of
New Mexico and connected the Lion's Clubs of New Mexico with blind people
who wanted to make a difference. Because of her name recognition, an
audience with the governor regarding the needs of the blind of New Mexico
was granted and elevated for a time, the unemployment and lack of education
and training for blind adults.
I choose to recognize that she was used by AFB sure. I also recognize that
she used AFB to benefit herself and the lives of the blind and deaf/blind of
the United States. In some ways, she was our Hattie McDaniel.
This is a most simplified view of Helen Keller. A suggestion for your
chapter would be to choose one of her books, available on BARD, have chapter
members read the book and then have discussions of how people feel about
what was said. I think this would be a great project for a few Saturday
evenings around a BBQ or pizza box. IT also would be a fantastic way to get
members of your chapter to better know each other.
Peggy Chong.
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Today's Topics:
1. What Is The Real Historical Context With Helen Keller
vis-?-vis The Federation? (Kane Brolin)
2. Fwd: [acb-chat] The Americans With Disabilities Act Is Under
Attack in Congress - Rewire (Kendra Schaber)
3. Re: What Is The Real Historical Context With Helen Keller
vis-?-vis The Federation? (Michael Freholm)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Message: 1
Date: Mon, 5 Jun 2017 12:31:45 -0400
From: Kane Brolin <kbrolin65 at gmail.com>
To: NFB History Support List <nfb-history at nfbnet.org>
Subject: [Nfb-history] What Is The Real Historical Context With Helen
Keller vis-?-vis The Federation?
Message-ID:
<CAJYpbePS28VHDa4spU0nwikAYPGwphbVQ3KjVaR+Wq0e6M6nLA at mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
Hi, there. Not at all attempting to stir a hornet's nest, but I am
truly curious about this--mostly because I am approached on a regular
basis by sighted folks out there in the integrated world who make
reference to Helen Keller, whom I am vaguely but not intimately
familiar with.
I am a relatively new chapter president, in an area of the country
which did not have any direct NFB coverage for a couple of decades
prior to 2012. So I find that a lot of people--even blind folks--are
somewhat open-minded, but not at all indoctrinated yet into either
Federation philosophy or the more custodial "blindness professional"
model of looking at our shared characteristic. So I get lots of
questions on all fronts, especially from senior individuals.
On March 3 of this year, I happened to find myself at the Jernigan
Institute taking part in a group activity. On that same day, I
received a Tweet notification from the Perkins School, whose feed I
monitor just to hear about what other things are going on in the
blindness community that someday might come up in a question I
receive. Perkins was making a big deal about March 3 being the
momentous anniversary of the day when Helen Keller and Annie Sullivan
met. To the Perkins School's followers, this was a huge deal. In
that entire day spent in front of Federation leadership in Baltimore,
it never came up. I never brought it up either, of course, because I
intuitively can figure out that Helen Keller was not in league with
the Federation even though she lived well beyond the year 1940.
I didn't think of this again until last week, when I was attending a
Lions Club meeting where someone was being inducted as a local club
member. The text of the speech delivered by the club president prior
to my friend's induction pointed out that Helen Keller had become "a
tireless advocate for people with disabilities. And in 1925, she
attended the Lions Clubs International Convention and challenged Lions
to become 'knights of the blind in the crusade against darkness.'"
My first thought was "Uh-oh. This sounds horribly clich?d, and it
sounds like she might have supported the medical model of trying to
cure blindness." But is that actually true? I know this is how most
sighted people even today--even well meaning ones--would wish to
interpret such a challenge.
But what do we know of Ms. Keller's real-life encounters with or
attitudes toward the National Federation of the Blind? Yes, I know
she was deaf-blind and not merely blind. And it was a different era.
But she is viewed by the world as a highly admirable example of an
empowered blind person who became famous and attained worldwide
celebrity, even supposedly befriending presidents and proto-feminist
heroes such as Eleanor Roosevelt. And she seemed to support left-wing
social movements at about the same time that early Federationists were
attempting to make headway with getting the blind into organized labor
unions during the 1940s. So I have to think there were some shared
experiences.
Even if she wasn't one of us, I presume Helen Keller had to have
encountered the Federation. She wasn't shy; so did she have anything
to say about us?
The ACB and AFB seem very proud of Helen Keller; so it would be
natural to think she put her pick in the ground in support of them.
But did Helen Keller weigh in on the "civil war"in our movement during
the early 1960s? I've heard the ACB now also claims Jacobus tenBroek
as one of their own, since he represented the California Council of
the Blind and the CCB technically was around prior to the formation of
the Federation. Clearly that couldn't have been true, but falsehood
doesn't necessarily prevent anyone from saying anything in a free
country.
So what do we know of Helen Keller as it relates to her direct
encounters with or comments about the NFB? Just curious and wanting
to have some historical basis for backing up anything I might say to
respond to curious people in the Midwest who bring up Helen Keller.
Kind regards,
Kane Brolin, President
Michiana Chapter, National Federation of the Blind
------------------------------
Message: 2
Date: Mon, 5 Jun 2017 09:47:03 -0700
From: Kendra Schaber <redwing731 at gmail.com>
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Subject: [Nfb-history] Fwd: [acb-chat] The Americans With Disabilities
Act Is Under Attack in Congress - Rewire
Message-ID: <2401ADCD-4328-4C6D-92DD-0CACB8F8D33C at gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
Hi all!
I recieved this and knew that I needed to pass this on. The message below
effects everyone with a disability.
Blessed be!!!
Kendra Schaber
National Federation of the Blind
"When the student is ready, the teacher will appear" Author Unknown
Sent From My GMail EMail account On My IPhone SE. Typed to you with my Keys
To Go blue tooth Keyboard, the only keyboard I know to work with an IPhone
SE.
Begin forwarded message:
> From: "Demaya, Diego via acb-chat" <acb-chat at acblists.org>
> Date: June 5, 2017 at 08:56:58 PDT
> To: "'General discussion list for ACB members and friends where a wide
range of topics from blindness to politics, issues of the day or whatever
comes to mind are welcome. This is a free form discussion list.'"
<acb-chat at acblists.org>, "acbt at groups.io" <acbt at groups.io>,
"hcb-l at yahoogroups.com" <hcb-l at yahoogroups.com>
> Cc: "Demaya, Diego" <Diego.Demaya at memorialhermann.org>
> Subject: [acb-chat] The Americans With Disabilities Act Is Under Attack in
Congress - Rewire
> Reply-To: "General discussion list for ACB members and friends where a
wide range of topics from blindness to politics, issues of the day or
whatever comes to mind are welcome. This is a free form discussion list."
<acb-chat at acblists.org>
>
> The Americans With Disabilities Act Is Under Attack in Congress
> May 30, 2017, 9:47am
> Robyn Powell
>
> The House Judiciary Committee is currently considering imposing
significant limitations to the ADA through the passage of the ADA Education
and Reform Act of 2017.
>
> Never in my life as a disabled woman have I been so terrified of losing my
civil rights as I am now.
> Shutterstock
> On July 26, 1990, George H.W. Bush signed the Americans With Disabilities
Act (ADA) into law, proclaiming, ?Let the shameful wall of exclusion finally
come tumbling down!? Although I was only 8 years old, I still remember its
passage and the increased accessibility that followed.
>
> The ADA has both literally and figuratively opened countless doors for
people like me, by requiring entities that are open to the public?such as
restaurants, movie theaters, hospitals, hotels, and museums?be fully
accessible to people with disabilities. The ADA also requires employers, as
well as public and private entities, to provide reasonable accommodations to
people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination based on disability.
>
> Of course, passage of the ADA did not make ramps and elevators magically
appear; nor did it immediately halt discrimination against people with
disabilities. Progress takes time, which, as a wheelchair user, I have
witnessed firsthand. Indeed, for several years after the law?s passage, my
parents or I would always have to call places in advance to make sure that
they were wheelchair accessible. For years, the answer was ?no.? But times
have changed, and now I no longer feel I need to take these extra steps
before leaving my home. Nearly 27 years after the passage of the ADA, I now
expect that all businesses will be accessible. And that is liberating.
>
> While we surely have much further to go, the ADA has unequivocally led to
much greater inclusion and accessibility and far less discrimination. Now,
however, Congress is currently considering imposing significant limitations
to the ADA through the passage of the ADA Education and Reform Act of 2017
(HR 620), sponsored by Rep. Ted Poe (R-TX).
>
> Appreciate our work?
>
> Rewire is a non-profit independent media publication. Your tax-deductible
contribution helps support our research, reporting, and analysis.
>
> DONATE NOW
>
> Currently, if a person with a disability encounters an accessibility
barrier at a business, they have two options: They can file a complaint with
the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), which will investigate and decide if a
violation has occurred. DOJ may enter into mediation with the person and the
business, which is a low-cost approach to resolve ADA violations fairly
quickly. DOJ may also sue the business on the person?s behalf.
Alternatively, people with disabilities may file a lawsuit in court,
bypassing DOJ altogether. The cornerstone of current enforcement options is
that the violation can often be resolved swiftly.
>
> If the ADA Education and Reform Act is passed, however, a person with a
disability would be required to give a written notice to a business owner
who has barriers to access. The business owner would then have 60 days to
even acknowledge that there is a problem?and then another 120 days to make
substantial progress toward correcting the violation. In other words, people
with disabilities would be forced to wait 180 days to enforce their civil
rights.
>
> The ADA Education and Reform Act is premised on trying to curb ?drive-by?
ADA lawsuits: that is, frivolous lawsuits brought by attorneys alleging ADA
violations. Surely, serial litigators, attorneys who simply bring lawsuits
to line their pockets, must be stopped. However, these bills are not the
solution.
>
> To be fair, I vehemently oppose frivolous ADA lawsuits, where people seek
to use the ADA for their own monetary gain. I cherish this law and hate
hearing that some misuse it. However, it?s important to note that they are
not as prevalent as some believe. An analysis of ADA lawsuits in 2016
identified just 12 individuals and one organization that have filed more
than 100 lawsuits each. But frivolous lawsuits are not an ADA issue; they
are a state and court problem. Indeed, ethics rules bar attorneys from
bringing frivolous lawsuits. Rather than go after people with disabilities,
attention should be focused on stopping these few bad attorneys.
>
> Notably, passage of the ADA and ADA Amendments Act involved the disability
community and bipartisan lawmakers working together with the business
community. These ?notification bills,? however, do not. Rather, they are the
result of business owners and their lobbyists.
>
> The disability community is not interested in more lawsuits; we simply
want accessibility. There is no such thing as the ?ADA police.? Enforcement
depends on people with disabilities who know their rights to challenge
violations. Filing lawsuits is timely and expensive. Finding an attorney
that is knowledgeable about the ADA is very challenging. I say this because
I believe it is fairly safe to assume that there are far more ADA violations
occurring than we will ever hear of. As a disabled woman, I encounter
violations daily.
>
> Nevertheless, there?s a prevailing belief that ADA regulations are overly
technical and most alleged violations are ?minor.? The regulations
concerning accessible parking spots are frequently used to demonstrate how
ADA regulations are too specific. What opponents don?t understand is that
the width of parking spaces matter for people with disabilities who drive,
such as myself. I drive a wheelchair?accessible van. If someone parks too
close, I am literally stuck because no one besides me can drive my van. This
has happened to me more times than I count, leaving me stranded outside for
hours, until the person returns to their car.
>
> Throughout the years, based on a belief that the ADA is being abused and
has become a money-maker, Congress has introduced a number of ?notification
bills.? These bills are problematic and have been strongly opposed by the
disability community.
>
> It is also important to dispel the myth that ADA lawsuits can be
profitable for plaintiffs; that is plain wrong. When the ADA was being
drafted, as a compromise between the business community and the disability
community, the disability community gave up the option to obtain damages for
a business?s failure to comply with the law by allowing only injunctive
relief?meaning the business owner has to change their behavior?and
attorneys? fees.
>
> Settlements or court orders that involve money damages for accessibility
violations are based on state laws in a handful of states, not the ADA.
Therefore, adding a notice requirement before people with disabilities can
enforce their rights will do nothing to prevent businesses from being
subjected to money damages. Moreover, if the accessibility violations in
question are truly minor, as the proponents of these bills claim, it would
not be difficult for businesses to fix the problem and resolve the issue
quickly, with minimal attorneys? fees. Hence, the issue is not an ADA one.
>
> In addition, it?s important to recognize that the ADA includes several
provisions that protect businesses from unreasonable requirements. For
example, the ADA does not require any action that would cause an ?undue
burden? or that is ?not readily achievable,? which is defined as ?easily
accomplished and able to be carried out without much difficulty or expense.?
>
> Adding a notification requirement won?t make serial lawsuits go away.
Instead, it simply sends the message to business owners that they don?t have
to worry about complying with the ADA until they receive a letter notifying
them that they are discriminating against people with disabilities. In other
words, instead of complying, they can just ?wait and see? if they are
caught.
>
> The imposition of a months-long ?waiting period,? during which a business
may continue to violate the law and deny access to people with disabilities
once it has received a notice that it is violating the ADA, is simply not
reasonable.
>
> In short, the premise of bills like the ADA Education and Reform Act is
that businesses should not be responsible for knowing their obligations to
comply with a law that has been in effect for nearly three decades, but
people with disabilities should instead be responsible not only for knowing
the accessibility requirements of that law, but also for determining when a
business is not in compliance and for knowing the specific requirements of
the notice that they must provide.
>
> Establishing and running a business involves compliance with numerous
laws, including tax laws, property laws, health and safety laws,
environmental laws, civil rights laws, and many others. Compliance with
these legal obligations is part of the cost of doing business.
>
> Business owners, and society as a whole, have had nearly 27 years to
become aware of the ADA. Indeed, I would guess that every business owner
knows at least one person with a disability and is at least vaguely aware
that the ADA exists. Moreover, there are plenty of resources that provide
information on ADA requirements to business owners. Indeed, the DOJ offers
free technical assistance as well as several publicly available
publications. In addition, there are ADA technical assistance centers across
the country that offer information, guidance, and training on how to
implement the ADA. There is simply no excuse for noncompliance at this
point.
>
> The bill is currently in the U.S. House Judiciary Committee; it has 18
co-sponsors. Never in my life as a disabled woman have I been so terrified
of losing my civil rights as I am now. With the stroke of a pen, much that
the disability community has fought hard for could be undone. What civil
rights law will be on the chopping block next?
>
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Message: 3
Date: Tue, 6 Jun 2017 06:49:21 -0400
From: Michael Freholm <mfreholm at rocketmail.com>
To: NFB History Support List <nfb-history at nfbnet.org>
Subject: Re: [Nfb-history] What Is The Real Historical Context With
Helen Keller vis-?-vis The Federation?
Message-ID: <4B6CAFC5-1E22-438E-9A03-387F075CB08B at rocketmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
Well, I cannot say that question has not crossed my mind before. Of course,
anything I come up with is merely speculation. But I am sure there is a
story in there somewhere. Best, Michael
Sent from my iPhone
> On Jun 5, 2017, at 12:31 PM, Kane Brolin via Nfb-history
<nfb-history at nfbnet.org> wrote:
>
> Hi, there. Not at all attempting to stir a hornet's nest, but I am
> truly curious about this--mostly because I am approached on a regular
> basis by sighted folks out there in the integrated world who make
> reference to Helen Keller, whom I am vaguely but not intimately
> familiar with.
>
>
> I am a relatively new chapter president, in an area of the country
> which did not have any direct NFB coverage for a couple of decades
> prior to 2012. So I find that a lot of people--even blind folks--are
> somewhat open-minded, but not at all indoctrinated yet into either
> Federation philosophy or the more custodial "blindness professional"
> model of looking at our shared characteristic. So I get lots of
> questions on all fronts, especially from senior individuals.
>
> On March 3 of this year, I happened to find myself at the Jernigan
> Institute taking part in a group activity. On that same day, I
> received a Tweet notification from the Perkins School, whose feed I
> monitor just to hear about what other things are going on in the
> blindness community that someday might come up in a question I
> receive. Perkins was making a big deal about March 3 being the
> momentous anniversary of the day when Helen Keller and Annie Sullivan
> met. To the Perkins School's followers, this was a huge deal. In
> that entire day spent in front of Federation leadership in Baltimore,
> it never came up. I never brought it up either, of course, because I
> intuitively can figure out that Helen Keller was not in league with
> the Federation even though she lived well beyond the year 1940.
>
> I didn't think of this again until last week, when I was attending a
> Lions Club meeting where someone was being inducted as a local club
> member. The text of the speech delivered by the club president prior
> to my friend's induction pointed out that Helen Keller had become "a
> tireless advocate for people with disabilities. And in 1925, she
> attended the Lions Clubs International Convention and challenged Lions
> to become 'knights of the blind in the crusade against darkness.'"
> My first thought was "Uh-oh. This sounds horribly clich?d, and it
> sounds like she might have supported the medical model of trying to
> cure blindness." But is that actually true? I know this is how most
> sighted people even today--even well meaning ones--would wish to
> interpret such a challenge.
>
> But what do we know of Ms. Keller's real-life encounters with or
> attitudes toward the National Federation of the Blind? Yes, I know
> she was deaf-blind and not merely blind. And it was a different era.
> But she is viewed by the world as a highly admirable example of an
> empowered blind person who became famous and attained worldwide
> celebrity, even supposedly befriending presidents and proto-feminist
> heroes such as Eleanor Roosevelt. And she seemed to support left-wing
> social movements at about the same time that early Federationists were
> attempting to make headway with getting the blind into organized labor
> unions during the 1940s. So I have to think there were some shared
> experiences.
> Even if she wasn't one of us, I presume Helen Keller had to have
> encountered the Federation. She wasn't shy; so did she have anything
> to say about us?
>
> The ACB and AFB seem very proud of Helen Keller; so it would be
> natural to think she put her pick in the ground in support of them.
> But did Helen Keller weigh in on the "civil war"in our movement during
> the early 1960s? I've heard the ACB now also claims Jacobus tenBroek
> as one of their own, since he represented the California Council of
> the Blind and the CCB technically was around prior to the formation of
> the Federation. Clearly that couldn't have been true, but falsehood
> doesn't necessarily prevent anyone from saying anything in a free
> country.
>
> So what do we know of Helen Keller as it relates to her direct
> encounters with or comments about the NFB? Just curious and wanting
> to have some historical basis for backing up anything I might say to
> respond to curious people in the Midwest who bring up Helen Keller.
>
> Kind regards,
>
> Kane Brolin, President
> Michiana Chapter, National Federation of the Blind
>
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