[Quietcars] Quiet hybrids: An end to their sounds of silence? Information Article

[michael townsend]

A really well written article that doesn't play the blame game as many
articles on this and other lists do.  

Mike T in NJ
  

Quiet hybrids: An end to their sounds of silence?

By KEN THOMAS
July 4, 2010 - 9:18am

WASHINGTON (AP) - The age of the silent hybrid may be coming to an end.

Gas-electric hybrids, propelled by electric motors at low speeds, are
well-known for their quiet ride and great mileage. But their silence isn't
always golden.

Some researchers and safety groups say that quiet operation _ "hybrid creep"
_ can pose risks for unsuspecting pedestrians and the blind, who use sound
cues.

Advocates for the blind have sought the addition of artificial noises in
hybrids for several years, concerned that the expected sales growth of
hybrids could lead to more pedestrian fatalities and injuries. Hybrids
account for about 2 percent of new car sales each year but auto companies
are expected to boost production in advance of tougher fuel efficiency
standards this decade.

"This is an example of too much of a good thing," said John Pare, executive
director for strategic initiatives with the National Federation of the
Blind. "Cars got quieter, that was good. Suddenly they got to be so quiet
that it added an element of danger."

The government's auto safety agency said in a research report last year that
hybrid vehicles are twice as likely to be involved in pedestrian crashes at
low speeds compared with cars with conventional engines. The study by the
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration examined circumstances in
which the vehicles were slowing down or coming to a stop, backing up or
entering or departing a parking space.

More than 4,300 pedestrians were killed in 2008, according to the most
recent data available. The government has been researching the safety risks
that hybrids and electrics could pose for pedestrians, particularly the
blind, along with the elderly and children, for vehicles traveling at 20 mph
or less. When a car is going faster, the friction between the tire and the
road's surface makes the vehicle louder.

The quiet hybrid phenomenon already has its place in pop culture. In an
episode of NBC's "The Office," paper salesman Andy Bernard uses his stealthy
blue Toyota Prius to sneak up on Dwight Schrute and pin his bitter rival
against a hedge. One concerned co-worker, watching the unfolding drama, says
"the Prius is silent if he keeps it under 5 miles per hour."

Congress is heeding the warnings, adding sound performance requirements for
hybrids and electric cars to an auto safety bill being considered after the
massive Toyota recalls. Lawmakers could consider the changes this summer and
car companies most likely would have to have the sounds ready to go three
years after the release of new government rules.

Automakers helped develop the proposal in Congress and are moving forward
with new artificial sounds that will be emitted from electric cars and
future hybrid models.

Nissan Motor Corp. has produced distinct sounds for the Leaf, the electric
car expected to go on sale this year, when the vehicle accelerates or moves
in reverse. When the Leaf speeds up to 20 mph, it automatically will use a
soft whirring sound that changes pitch as the car accelerates. When the Leaf
backs up, an intermittent bell will ring to warn those nearby.

The Japanese automaker consulted with acoustic psychologists and Hollywood
sound designers to find a tone that addresses drivers, pedestrians and the
community.

"It was kind of like peeling back an onion. The more we worked on it, the
more issues came up, the more of a balancing act it became," said Andy
Christensen, a manager with Nissan's North American Technical Center near
Detroit. Nissan plans to use the sounds on the Infiniti M35 hybrid to be
released in 2012.

General Motors Co. wanted a more subtle chirp on its Chevrolet Volt, so it
chose an alert horn that lets the driver warn an unknowing bystander.

"We didn't want to blast the horn at them and figuratively smack the people
in the nose," said Doug Moore, a vehicle performance engineer for the Volt
project. "We just wanted to tap them on the shoulder and say, 'Hey I'm
here.'"

Other automakers are hard at work, too.

Toyota Motor Corp., which makes the top-selling Prius hybrid, is studying
artificial sounds for hybrids when the vehicle is propelled by its electric
motor at low speeds. Ford Motor Co. is working to bring external sounds to
future hybrids and electrics, including its Focus electric car, expected in
2011, and a next-generation hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicle planned for
2012.

Nancy Gioia, Ford's director of global electrification, said car companies
should consider standardizing tones from future hybrids and electrics to
avoid a cacophony of confusion on the streets.

"It can't be like cell phones where we all select our own sound and we tune
out everybody else's but our own," Gioia said.

Some green car advocates have questioned the need for the extra tones and
noted that the requirement could add more noise to neighborhoods. Paul
Scott, vice president of Plug In America, said the sounds could help under
certain circumstances, but drivers should have the right to activate the
tones.

"After hearing how innocuous the Nissan Leaf sound is, maybe it'll be a
minor irritant for us, but I suspect people will tire of it eventually and
seek ways to disable the noise," Scott said in an e-mail from Japan, where
he was test-driving the car.

Les Blomberg, who is the founder of the Noise Pollution Clearinghouse, said
reducing noise from the loudest vehicles, such as trucks, buses and
motorcycles, would increase the ability of pedestrians to detect sound.
Adding sounds to hybrids, however, would simply enhance noise pollution and
make it more difficult to hear an individual vehicle in traffic.