[Blindmath] How useful is a GUI to blind users?

Richard Baldwin baldwin at dickbaldwin.com
Sun Jan 8 13:59:46 UTC 2012 

You wrote: " Is it possible to use the SUN image API for the graphic
presentation portions of the program and use SWT for the user controls? "

Just about anything is possible when enough programming effort is applied.
What you suggest is possible but difficult to achieve in a reliable way,
and quite a lot of extra programming effort is required to achieve it.
However, that is not really the issue. The issue is that the use of the SWT
precludes the use of many existing Java class libraries.

The great promise and benefit of object-oriented programming is "reuse,
don't reinvent." The great power of the Java programming environment is the
existence of massive class libraries that can be re-used to program with
relative ease those things that would otherwise be very difficult.

The bottom line is that many existing Java class libraries cannot be
"re-used" with the SWT without a major programming effort to modify those
libraries. Even with a major programming effort, library modification is
possible only when the author of the library is willing to divulge the
source code for the library. Sometimes source code is available and
sometimes it is not available.

IBM's approach with the SWT seems to have been "reinvent, don't reuse."
They should not claim that their programming environment is Java simply
because the compiled output will execute in a Java Virtual Machine. (The
compiled output of JYthon and several other programming languages will also
execute in a Java Virtual Machine but they are not Java.) IBM should have
renamed their programming environment JBM or something like that to make it
clear that SWT was never intended to be a member of the "write once, run
anywhere" family of Java products and was never intended to be compatible
with standard Java class libraries.

Microsoft did something similar a few years back, but after several years
of floundering around with "Microsoft Java," they finally renamed their
programming environment C# to distinguish it from Java. And, by going down
an independent path from Java, developing their own class libraries, and
not claiming any degree of compatibility with Java, C# has become a very
respectable programming environment in its own right. IBM should do the
same.

Welcome to the world of JBM.

Thanks for the response,
Dick Baldwin

On Sun, Jan 8, 2012 at 5:55 AM, Larry Skutchan <lskutchan at aph.org> wrote:

> Is it possible to use the SUN image API for the graphic presentation
> portions of the program and use SWT for the user controls? It doesn't seem
> like either way provides any accessibility advantages to the graphical
> drawing, manipulation, or interpretation portions of the interface, yet SWT
> provides accessibility to those controls that do offer clear advantages for
> both blind and sighted users.
>
>
> On Jan 7, 2012, at 10:16 PM, Richard Baldwin wrote:
>
> > You wrote: " I thought there was generally a well-established principle
> in
> > software development that it is best to implement a set of functionality
> in
> > a way that can be connected to various presentations of user interface"
> >
> > You are probably speaking of something called the model-view-control
> > pattern, which is great in theory, but rarely exists to the full extent
> > possible in practice.
> >
> > Getting down in the weeds, here is an example of marrying Sun Java
> graphics
> > with SWT Java graphics. Standard Sun Java provides the capability to use
> > the Sun Graphics2D API to create graphics on an off-screen Image object.
> > Sun Graphics2D is a fairly extensive and powerful API.
> >
> > The SWT makes it possible to use SWT graphics (which are entirely
> different
> > from the Sun Graphics2D API) to create off-screen graphics on an Image
> > object. In my opinion, SWT graphics are less extensive and less powerful
> > than the Sun Graphics2D API, but that is just an opinion that others may
> > disagree with. There is no disagreement, however, that the two are
> > different and are incompatible.
> >
> > There is also no disagreement that an SWT Image object is different from
> a
> > Sun Image object, and the two are incompatible. Rather than building on
> the
> > Sun Image class, IBM elected to invent their own Image class in the SWT.
> > This was a decision that apparently had nothing to do with the use of the
> > native GUI components because it is not a GUI issue. Thus,
> > incompatibilities between Sun Java and SWT Java go far deeper than simply
> > the use of native GUI components or lightweight GUI components. They go
> > very deep into the guts of the programming environment.
> >
> > When graphics are developed using Suns Graphics2D API, which is the case
> > with the majority of existing Java graphics libraries, the display of
> that
> > graphic information on an SWT Composite object, requires that first, it
> is
> > necessary to gain access to the Sun Image object (if possible), then it
> is
> > necessary to reformat and transport the graphics information from the Sun
> > Image object to an SWT Image object, and then it is necessary to display
> > the graphics information on an SWT Composite object.
> >
> > To begin with, the graphics data on aSun Image object may, or may not be
> > accessible to the programmer, depending on the design of the graphics
> > library. Even if the graphics data on the Sun Image object is accessible
> > (with or without modifying the library), the task of reformatting and
> > transporting that data to an SWT Image object, solely for purposes of
> > display, is tedious, time consuming, and can result in a lack of
> > responsiveness for graphics-intensive programs.
> >
> > Of course, it is always possible to modify a library if source code for
> the
> > library is available, but to a large extent, that defeats the purpose of
> > OOP and class libraries. It can also be very difficult in some cases.
> >
> > Dick Baldwin
> >
> > On Sat, Jan 7, 2012 at 7:57 PM, Jamal Mazrui <empower at smart.net> wrote:
> >
> >> Some miscellaneous points are as follows.
> >>
> >> There were text mode, screen oriented user interfaces before graphical
> >> user interfaces, e.g., WordPerfect 5.1 was a highly popular DOS-based
> word
> >> processor among blind people.  In fact, I think we were, overall, more
> >> productive with it than any GUI word processor, like MS Word,  or
> >> command-oriented word processor, like VIM.
> >>
> >> Those text mode, screen oriented interfaces could be highly accessible
> >> with a screen reader because it knew precisely what character (and
> color)
> >> was located in every position of a grid with 25 rows and 80 columns.
>  The
> >> point of focus was also precisely known -- what later became the caret
> in a
> >> GUI.  Accessibility of GUIs has been a problem in large part because a
> >> screen reader has had to build an "off screen model" of what text is on
> the
> >> screen, since by the time text is displayed on the screen, it is pixels
> not
> >> characters.  A GUI screen reader has traditionally had to intercept
> every
> >> operating system call that writes to the screen, remember where the
> writing
> >> occurred, and adjust the model every time some other OS call implies a
> >> change in the visual presentation.
> >>
> >> This process has been error prone, thus necessitating the need for an
> >> accessibility API by which the screen reader can interrogate the screen
> at
> >> any time.  Unfortunately, comprehensively implementing that
> accessibility
> >> API, on both the application and screen reader side, has also been error
> >> prone.  There are other reasons as well why GUIs have been difficult,
> >> including the emphasis on a mouse for input rather than the keyboard --
> the
> >> former usually requiring fine eye-hand coordination to be practical.
> >>
> >> Blind people, like sighted people, have a range of cognitive abilities.
> >> Some find the memorization of commands and syntax, which is generally
> >> required by a command-line interface, to be challenging and
> frustrating, as
> >> compared to a GUI and screen reader combination implemented accessibly,
> >> which support much more choice selection and safe exploration of options
> >> before executing a task.  Often, the most productive application will be
> >> one that offers both an accessible GUI for typical use and a
> well-designed
> >> command line interface for advanced use.
> >>
> >> I am puzzled why Swing seems to be so integrated into popular Java
> >> libraries.  Do they not separate visual display from underlying
> >> functionality?  I thought there was generally a well-established
> principle
> >> in software development that it is best to implement a set of
> functionality
> >> in a way that can be connected to various presentations of user
> interface
> >> -- unless, of course, the library is specifically targeted to building
> user
> >> interfaces.
> >>
> >> Regarding SWT, it is cross platform, not Windows only, though different
> >> binary files have to be distributed with other platforms.  I am a fan of
> >> wxWidgets, but agree that SWT is clearly more established in the Java
> >> community, and do not see any advantage that wx-based GUIs would offer
> over
> >> SWT.  Both GUI libraries are essentially wrappers over native controls
> of
> >> the platform.  Such controls tend to be the most accessible because they
> >> implement the primary accessibility API of the platform, being build by
> the
> >> developer of both the platform and accessibility API.
> >>
> >> Jamal
> >>
> >>
> >>
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> >
> >>
> >
> >
> >
> > --
> > Richard G. Baldwin (Dick Baldwin)
> > Home of Baldwin's on-line Java Tutorials
> > http://www.DickBaldwin.com
> >
> > Professor of Computer Information Technology
> > Austin Community College
> > (512) 223-4758
> > mailto:Baldwin at DickBaldwin.com
> > http://www.austincc.edu/baldwin/
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-- 
Richard G. Baldwin (Dick Baldwin)
Home of Baldwin's on-line Java Tutorials
http://www.DickBaldwin.com

Professor of Computer Information Technology
Austin Community College
(512) 223-4758
mailto:Baldwin at DickBaldwin.com
http://www.austincc.edu/baldwin/

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