[Blindmath] Graphics

Tue Jan 31 22:35:02 UTC 2012

Johnathan,

My slide brewer is a command-line based Java application which should be
totally accessible for anyone having the Java JRE version 1.6 or later
installed on their computer. My only hesitancy about making it available is
that like most self-use software that has evolved over time, the source
code is incredibly ugly, largely undocumented, poorly designed, and would
make me the laughing stock of the OOP community if it were to make its way
into the world of true OOP zealots like myself. <grin>

However, if you would like to give it a try, I will attach a zip file
containing a sample set of slides plus everything needed to view those
slides and/or create new slides.

To simply view the sample set of slides, do the following:

Extract the contents of the zip file into an empty Windows folder. If you
are running a different OS, you will need to make appropriate adjustments.

If you are blind, open the file named a0-Index.htm in your browser to see a
hyperlinked set of links to each slide in the set. Then follow the
next/prev links at the bottom of each slide to navigate up and down through
the stack of slides.

If you are sighted, either open the file named a0-Index.htm in your browser
as above, or open the file named a0-frames.htm in your browser to view a
frames-based viewer in your window. With this viewer, you can drag open a
frame on the left side to expose the contents of the file named
a0-Index.htm to provide for navigation over and above the simple next/prev
links.

Regardless of whether you are blind or sighted, you can open any of the htm
files in your browser to view its contents.

If you want to create your own slides, remove the XXX from the end of the
extension for the file named RunSlideMaker03.batXXX and execute it. (This
is where you will probably need to make adjustments for an OS other than
Windows.) Each time you execute this batch file, a Java program named
SlideMaker03 will be executed, and a new set of slides will be created to
replace the existing set. All next/prev links will be automatically
generated. Note, however that the program simply replaces old slide files
with new ones. It doesn't delete old slide files that don't get replaced.

Then edit the contents of the file named RunSlideMaker03.bat to cause your
information to replace mine at the top of the file named a0-Index.htm. A
quick comparison will show you the correlation between the contents of the
bat file and the contents at the top of the a0-Index.htm file.

Then edit the contents of the file named Markup03.htm to replace my
information in the slides and figures with your information. This is where
things get a little more tricky. You should probably compare the contents
of my version of the file with my set of slides to learn how the two are
correlated.

Then run the file named RunSlideMaker03.bat to create your set of slides.
You can edit and rerun and edit and rerun as many times as needed to get
exactly what you want in terms of a set of slides.

Here are some brief usage instructions:

Make certain that the Java JRE, version 1.6 or later is installed on your
computer.

Each instance of an <h6> header in the file named Markup03.htm will start a
new slide and text in that header will be the title for the slide.

Material that you want to appear in a separate "Figure" html file must be
surrounded by comments as shown in the following code:

<!--``1Fig001-->
<table border="1" width="0"><thead><tr><th>
Figure 1. zz</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>
 <img alt="Missing image." />
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--``2-->

The beginning and ending comments are what cause the separate file to be
created and the name of the file must be provided in the first comment.

Dick Baldwin

 On Tue, Jan 31, 2012 at 1:47 PM, Jonathan Godfrey <a.j.godfrey at massey.ac.nz
> wrote:

> Hi Dick et al.,
>
> I'm intrigued by your slide brewer.
>
> One reason I love LaTeX and therefore html is that I don't worry about
> where things are. As long as I don't do anything too silly, the content is
> conveyed to the students in a suitable form.
>
> I detest power point, but it remains accessible (to a certain degree), and
> I can use LaTeX via add-on packages. I have however been searching for ways
> to generate html (and therefore xml) quickly for new presentations. My
> level of frustration with Power point means I have tried some rather
> interesting solutions.
>
> I have tried Beamer of course but as long as the output files are pdf then
> I am not interested.
>
> The topic of making accessible slides for seminars and lectures has come
> up on this list before, albeit a few years ago. The problem remains
> unchanged since that time. I am wondering if your slide brewer is
> accessible and therefore useful to me and other blindies on this list.
>
> Jonathan
>
>
>
> At 07:58 a.m. 1/02/2012, you wrote:
>
>> As long as I am rambling, I will also add a few comments regarding what I
>> consider to be good practice for non-image slides.
>>
>> To begin with, I don't use Power Point. Many years ago, as a revolt
>> against
>> the high cost of Microsoft Office software, I wrote my own homebrew slide
>> maker and slide viewer system. In my system, each slide is simply a small
>> XHTML file with links to the next and previous slides. A door can be
>> opened
>> on the left side of the viewer exposing links to every slide, thereby
>> facilitating navigation beyond the simple next and previous links.
>>
>> Therefore, students don't need to purchase Microsoft Office to view my
>> slides on their own computers. Any reasonably modern browser will do the
>> job.
>>
>> Also, I don't use fancy transitions, fancy Power Point borders, etc. My
>> slides contain only two types of content: text and images.
>>
>> I typically use a split-screen presentation approach where the left half
>> of
>> the screen shows the current slide and the right half of the screen shows
>> material that was deposited there earlier. The material on the right could
>> be an image, it could be programming source code, it could be anything
>> that
>> I want to refer to later as the lecture progresses. In addition to
>> listings
>> and images appearing in slides along with explanatory text, my system also
>> creates a separate XHTML file for each listing and each image so that I
>> can
>> open them on the right side of the screen and refer to them later.
>>
>> All of that having being said, most of the slides contain only text. And
>> that text is mostly in the form of bullets or important points. As the
>> lecture progresses and I bring new slides up on the screen, I expect the
>> students to be able to read the bullets or the important points on their
>> own. My verbal presentation is to elaborate on those points.
>>
>> A blind student can't read the bullets. Therefore, it is extremely
>> important to provide the blind students with complete copies of the slides
>> sufficiently in advance of the presentation to allow them to convert the
>> slides into an accessible format, which they can use in the classroom
>> during the presentation.
>>
>> If the student has access to a computer with a browser in the classroom,
>> all that is necessary is for the student to bring the slides to the
>> classroom on a flash drive. If the student uses a refreshable Braille pad
>> with the computer, all the better because the student can read the slides
>> without the need for ear buds and an audio screen reader. If the college
>> doesn't provide a computer for the student in the classroom, the student
>> can bring a laptop to class.
>>
>> If the student can't bring a laptop to class, that student can convert the
>> slides to Braille on paper provided the slides are available to the
>> student
>> sufficiently far in advance. The important thing is to make certain that
>> the student has an electronic copy of the slides sufficiently far in
>> advance of the presentation to facilitate one of the accessibility routes
>> described above.
>>
>> Another thing that is very important and can sometimes be difficult to
>> achieve is to make each slide easily identifiable so that the blind
>> student
>> can stay in synch with the lecture, and can get back in synch if
>> synchronization is lost.
>>
>> The reason this can be difficult is that I often make changes to some of
>> the slides shortly before the class begins. If the student will use a
>> computer to view the slides, this can be handled rather easily by making
>> certain that the student receives and is working from the latest set of
>> slides during the presentation. If the student is working from preprinted
>> Braille on paper, it is more of a problem.
>>
>> Bottom line: Whether the lecture slides consist of text, images, or a
>> combination of the two, instructors must make certain that blind students
>> receive a copy of the slides which have been made as accessible as
>> practical before the class begins.
>>
>> Some slides simply cannot be made accessible for blind students. For
>> example, in one of my courses, some of the slides embed interactive Java
>> applets, which may not be accessible due to Java accessibility issues.
>> Even
>> in those cases, however, screen shots of the applet in use can be provided
>> for conversion to tactile format for use by the blind student.
>>
>> That's probably enough rambling for this session.
>>
>> Dick Baldwin
>>
>> On Tue, Jan 31, 2012 at 12:16 PM, Jonathan Godfrey <
>> a.j.godfrey at massey.ac.nz
>> > wrote:
>>
>> > Hi all,
>> >
>> > I agree with John and Dick here. Good teaching is often making the
>> > unnatural seem natural and the group of students I deal with (none
>> blind so
>> > far) is very diverse.
>> >
>> > I have found that the lecturers who used "this", "that", "here", and
>> > "there" were also the ones that didn't seem to be able to use their legs
>> > very well. They were stuck in the mould of holding a pen or a mouse
>> > (previously chalk) and their pointing was contained to the objects
>> within
>> > the length of their arms of any pointers that might be in the lecture
>> room.
>> > Thankfully the laser pointer didn't seem to be used by many of my
>> lecturers.
>> >
>> > As my drawings are a little like cartoons, perhaps even heading towards
>> > abstract art, I don't risk using those dreaded words without a more
>> useful
>> > indicator of what I am speaking about. It is made more natural by moving
>> > away from the board often into the audience part of the room. In a large
>> > lecture theatre (100 students is small) this was less natural than in
>> the
>> > more common teaching room I use which holds at most 20 students all
>> sitting
>> > at computers. I do try to point at things on the power point slides but
>> my
>> > accuracy is somewhat questionable. To cover this flaw I just move
>> further
>> > away from the board and force myself to use words. In the second half of
>> > 2012, I will be teaching a class that exceeds the capacity of the
>> largest
>> > lecture theatre on campus. We will be in one room and a second room will
>> > have the same material put up on the data show in there. Those students
>> > will not see anything I might do with my hands so the words will be
>> crucial.
>> >
>> > It's only recently that some of my former first-year students have told
>> me
>> > what was working in the classroom. (They're now post graduates with more
>> > confidence.) My descriptions that didn't involve them watching my hands
>> all
>> > the time meant they didn't miss things as they looked down to write
>> their
>> > notes.
>> >
>> > A final comment about the styles of learning. John mentioned audio and
>> > visual learners. There are also those students that need to do a task to
>> > learn it. Kinesthetic learners are perhaps the worst off in a lecture
>> room
>> > as they need to take the knowledge out of the classroom and try it out
>> for
>> > themselves to really understand. In a small tutorial sized computer lab,
>> > the kinesthetic learner really comes into their own as the ability to do
>> > the task is right there with them. I love teaching in the computer lab
>> > because of the varied opportunities to engage with my students. They are
>> > forced to drive their own computers to engage with the class as I can't
>> do
>> > it for them.
>> >
>> > Cheers,
>> > Jonathan
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> > At 06:43 a.m. 1/02/2012, you wrote:
>> >
>> >> Interesting discussion.  I should point out that precision in
>> lecturing is
>> >> not just good for blind students - it is good for all students.  I have
>> >> heard thousands of lectures in my life and find that lecturers that I
>> find
>> >> particularly good/bad are also perceived that way by sighted
>> colleagues.
>> >>
>> >> I am frequently asked what a lecturer should do to make his lecture
>> >> accessible to me.  My answer is that a really good lecturer will
>> present
>> >> material that needs no audio for a visual learner and needs no visual
>> for
>> >> an
>> >> audio learner.  The only exception to my rule are visual jokes - jokes
>> >> needing explanation are generally not funny, so it is up to the person
>> >> sitting next to me to explain visual jokes to me.
>> >>
>> >> And finally, special educators find that approximately 40% of students
>> in
>> >> an
>> >> average classroom have some kind of learning difficulty.  What is
>> useful
>> >> to
>> >> the 60% is essential to the 40%.  So precise lecturing helps many more
>> >> students than those who are blind.
>> >>
>> >> Good work Dick!
>> >>
>> >> John
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> -----Original Message-----
>> >> From: blindmath-bounces at nfbnet.org [mailto:blindmath-bounces@**nf**
>> bnet.org <http://nfbnet.org><blindmath-bounces@**nfbnet.org<blindmath-bounces at nfbnet.org>
>> >]
>> >> On
>> >>  Behalf Of Richard Baldwin
>> >> Sent: Tuesday, January 31, 2012 8:52 AM
>> >> To: Blind Math list for those interested in mathematics
>> >> Subject: Re: [Blindmath] Graphics
>> >>
>> >> Michael's point is a good one and one for which there are no easy
>> answers.
>> >>
>> >> When teaching a mixed class with one or more blind students and mostly
>> >> sighted students, the instructor must walk a fine line between being so
>> >> verbally accommodating of the blind students that they begin to feel
>> self
>> >> conscious and not being accommodating enough for the blind students to
>> >> understand the material. It also helps a lot when the blind students
>> are
>> >> not shy about asking for clarification. Fortunately, at the college
>> where
>> >> I
>> >> teach, we don't have classes with hundreds of students. I typically
>> have
>> >> somewhere between 15 and 24 students in a class and am able to respond
>> to
>> >> questions from both blind and sighted students.
>> >>
>> >> The instructor must constantly remind himself or herself that there are
>> >> people who can't see the slides and use terms like "near the lower left
>> >> corner", "the vector labeled B with its tail at coordinates 2,2", "the
>> >> rectangle in the center that is colored red", etc. It is not an easy
>> task
>> >> and I am far from perfect, but I try.
>> >>
>> >> I currently have one blind student in one course and a seriously
>> visually
>> >> impaired student in a different course. The blind student has been
>> >> enrolled
>> >> in several of my previous courses, but this is the first one in which I
>> >> have had an opportunity to develop the material from the ground up with
>> >> blind accessibility as one of the objectives. That is also very helpful
>> >>
>> >> One of those students is very good about visiting during office hours
>> >> before class to discuss the upcoming graphics material and that also
>> helps
>> >> a lot.
>> >>
>> >> Dick Baldwin
>> >>
>> >> On Tue, Jan 31, 2012 at 8:52 AM, Michael Whapples <mwhapples at aim.com>
>> >> wrote:
>> >>
>> >> > In a large lecture of well over a hundred students, its a big ask.
>> >> >
>> >> > Michael whapples
>> >> >
>> >> > -----Original Message----- From: Pickrell, Rebecca M (TASC)
>> >> > Sent: Tuesday, January 31, 2012 2:44 PM
>> >> >
>> >> > To: 'Blind Math list for those interested in mathematics'
>> >> > Subject: Re: [Blindmath] Graphics
>> >> >
>> >> >       Can't the blind student speak up and ask? I always did.
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > -----Original Message-----
>> >> > From: blindmath-bounces at nfbnet.org
>> >> [mailto:blindmath-bounces@****nf**bnet.org <http://nfbnet.org><
>> >> blindmath-bounces@**nfbnet.org <blindmath-bounces at nfbnet.org>**>]
>> >> > On Behalf Of Michael Whapples
>> >> > Sent: Tuesday, January 31, 2012 4:14 AM
>> >> > To: Blind Math list for those interested in mathematics
>> >> > Subject: Re: [Blindmath] Graphics
>> >> >
>> >> > Yes I agree with this about not wanting people listening to
>> >> pre-recording
>> >> > audio while you are trying to explain the graph. However that in
>> itself
>> >> is
>> >> > a
>> >> > form of audio-touch, in a loose sense, as the student is getting
>> audio
>> >> > (you)
>> >> > explaining the graph. The ideal situation might be that the student
>> has
>> >> > someone sitting next to them to help guide them round the tactile
>> >> diagram.
>> >> >
>> >> > Richard, here is a question for you, one real problem I kept coming
>> >> across
>> >> > while studying physics was the tutors using phrases like "this part
>> of
>> >> the
>> >> > graph", how many "this", "that", "here" and "there" do you use? If
>> one
>> >> > cannot see the graph you are pointing at, where is here?
>> Unfortunately
>> >> its
>> >> > such a natural way of talking that even when you are aware of it you
>> can
>> >> > slip back into those phrases where one relies on seeing the pointing
>> to
>> >> > understand the talking. I think my point here is that sometimes the
>> >> talking
>> >> > alone is not as useful as you may initially think. Its not an
>> argument
>> >> for
>> >> > sticking in the ear-buds, but rather that may be the blind student
>> does
>> >> > need
>> >> > some extra help with finding "here".
>> >> >
>> >> > Michael Whapples
>> >> >
>> >> > -----Original Message-----
>> >> > From: Richard Baldwin
>> >> > Sent: Monday, January 30, 2012 3:57 PM
>> >> > To: Blind Math list for those interested in mathematics
>> >> > Subject: Re: [Blindmath] Graphics
>> >> >
>> >> > I will make one comment relative to audio-touch. Every technology has
>> >> its
>> >> > good points and its bad points. While audio-touch may be the best
>> >> solution
>> >> > in some situations, it may not be the best solution in other
>> situations.
>> >> > Also, until we see audio-touch applications on tablet computers, it
>> will
>> >> > continue to be the most expensive solution in most situations.
>> >> >
>> >> > For example, if I am in a classroom containing a mixture of blind and
>> >> > sighted students, and I am using a graphic on a slide that is
>> projected
>> >> on
>> >> > a screen at the front of the room to explain the characteristics of a
>> >> > damped sine wave exhibiting an exponential decay, I would prefer that
>> >> the
>> >> > blind students have good quality tactile images of the slide and that
>> >> they
>> >> > be concentrating on my explanation of the shape and other
>> >> characteristics
>> >> > of the graphic as opposed to wearing ear buds and listening to
>> >> pre-recorded
>> >> > messages about the graphic.
>> >> >
>> >> > There is a time and a place for everything, and the lecture
>> classroom is
>> >> > not necessarily the place for wearing ear buds.
>> >> >
>> >> > Dick Baldwin
>> >> >
>> >> > On Mon, Jan 30, 2012 at 6:25 AM, Michael Whapples <mwhapples at aim.com
>> >
>> >> > wrote:
>> >> >
>> >> >  Hello,
>> >> >> A couple of things in response.
>> >> >>
>> >> >> Firstly the swell paper thing, probably in that one message where I
>> say
>> >> >> IVEO can be used with swell paper, it probably was left to be
>> implied
>> >> by
>> >> >> the reader that it would be subjected to the limitations of swell
>> >> paper,
>> >> I
>> >> >> didn't feel like typing it out on a touchscreen. However I would
>> say,
>> >> >> while
>> >> >> it cannot do colour/shading like the tiger, it is possible to have
>> ways
>> >> of
>> >> >> differentiating between different regions with swell paper by using
>> >> >> different textures (eg. horizontal lines, vertical lines, dots,
>> etc).
>> >> >> Admittedly applying a texture to an area is probably more
>> complicated
>> >> than
>> >> >> using colours or shading, but if ViewPlus wants to make IVEO better
>> >> with
>> >> >> swell paper it might be a feature (apply texture) worth considering,
>> >> but
>> >> >> whether ViewPlus wants to add such a feature is up to ViewPlus.
>> >> >>
>> >> >> The other point or may be question is may be of more interest. Your
>> >> >> comments on why ViewPlus and you focussed on audio-touch instead of
>> >> just
>> >> >> tactile diagrams is interesting to read, I don't think I would
>> dispute
>> >> >> anything there. What I am left with is a slight question of why did
>> you
>> >> go
>> >> >> audio-touch instead of plain audio, or may be more popularly called
>> >> >> sonification? Quite a number of people have gone down the pure
>> >> >> sonification
>> >> >> route in trying to make visual images accessible, so there must be
>> >> >> something desirable in pure sonification but why did you feel the
>> touch
>> >> >> part is also important? Personally I have always found pure
>> >> sonification
>> >> >> difficult to master, I just seem to have some sort of disconnect or
>> gap
>> >> >> between the audio and the spatial, so find it very difficult to
>> >> visualise
>> >> >> anything from passively listening to audio.
>> >> >>
>> >> >> Please do let us know more as that project progresses.
>> >> >>
>> >> >> Michael Whapples
>> >> >>
>> >> >> -----Original Message----- From: John Gardner
>> >> >> Sent: Sunday, January 29, 2012 7:24 PM
>> >> >> To: 'Blind Math list for those interested in mathematics'
>> >> >> Subject: [Blindmath] Graphics
>> >> >>
>> >> >>
>> >> >> I agree with Dick Baldwin that at the present time, a blind person
>> >> needs
>> >> >> sighted assistance to access most graphical information.  I
>> described a
>> >> >> way
>> >> >> that a blind person who has IVEO and a ViewPlus embosser can access
>> >> >> graphics, but it is tedious and gives only partial access.  Even if
>> >> Jamal
>> >> >> and Dick could drive a process that could reliably isolate and
>> process
>> >> >> images, I am skeptical that, in the end, most images will be
>> accessible
>> >> >> without sighted assistance anyhow.  We have to face the physical
>> fact
>> >> that
>> >> >> fingers are not a fully adequate substitute for vision even for the
>> >> most
>> >> >> competent braille/tactile graphics readers.
>> >> >>
>> >> >> My vision of graphics is that they should be published in an
>> accessible
>> >> >> format, and I have devoted much of my energy for nearly 20 years to
>> >> >> developing methods that have some chance of actually happening.  I'm
>> >> not
>> >> >> unhappy with what ViewPlus has achieved, but I sure wish we could
>> speed
>> >> up
>> >> >> the process and bring down the cost to end users.
>> >> >>
>> >> >> ViewPlus expects soon to be starting a new project funded partly by
>> the
>> >> >> DIAGRAM project to evaluate usability of SVG graphics accessed by
>> >> >> audio/touch - which is what IVEO is all about.  Assuming that
>> >> preliminary
>> >> >> information is correct and the grant is approved, I will soon be
>> >> looking
>> >> >> for
>> >> >> committed volunteers and suspect that several of you would like to
>> >> >> volunteer.  I particularly encourage people who have access to a
>> >> ViewPlus
>> >> >> embosser to volunteer.  Those without such access can still
>> >> participate,
>> >> >> but
>> >> >> they'll need to wait a few days for their tactiles to arrive in the
>> >> mail.
>> >> >> By the way, Michael is right that swell paper works too but only for
>> >> line
>> >> >> art.  Anything with color or texture is just a mess with swell
>> paper.
>> >> >>
>> >> >> The purpose of the grant is for volunteers to evaluate a number of
>> SVG
>> >> >> files
>> >> >> per month and to submit some of their own images to be "made
>> >> accessible".
>> >> >> Good accessibility means that text speaks when touched, math is
>> spoken
>> >> >> properly, and important graphic objects speak their titles when
>> >> touched.
>> >> >> The more complex the graphic, the more important it is for graphic
>> >> objects
>> >> >> to be labeled.  Processing of color beyond the simple default for
>> >> ViewPlus
>> >> >> embossers would help, particularly for images that are not
>> >> >> well-represented
>> >> >> in gray scale.
>> >> >>
>> >> >> More information will be forthcoming when the project starts.
>> >> >>
>> >> >> One final comment.  Audio-touch access requires a computer and some
>> >> >> external
>> >> >> equipment to use.  Why not make graphics accessible by touch alone?
>>  It
>> >> is
>> >> >> clearly possible for experts to make graphical information
>> accessible
>> >> as
>> >> >> stand-alone tactile graphics.  Generally that graphic needs to be
>> >> >> considerably simplified and needs braille labels and a braille
>> >> >> description.
>> >> >> It is costly, because a trained expert needs to make the tactile
>> >> version.
>> >> >> In addition, surprisingly few blind people can read it anyhow.  On
>> the
>> >> >> other
>> >> >> hand, it is much easier to convert a graphic to SVG and add the
>> >> meta-data
>> >> >> necessary to make it accessible.  Simplification is unnecessary. The
>> >> >> learning curve for both the creator and user is not high, and
>> anybody
>> >> who
>> >> >> wants to learn can do it.  Finally it is possible in principle for
>> >> almost
>> >> >> any mainstream graphic to be published in SVG with that meta-data
>> >> included
>> >> >> so that it is automatically accessible.  That is just not the case
>> for
>> >> >> stand-alone tactiles.  These are the reasons that I have
>> concentrated
>> >> on
>> >> >> audio-touch methods and will let others make stand-alone tactiles.
>> >> >>
>> >> >> John Gardner
>> >> >> ______________________________********__
>>
>> >>
>> >> >>
>> >> >> John Gardner       |  President |  ViewPlus
>> >> >> 541.754.4002 x 220 |  www.viewplus.com
>> >> >> ______________________________********__
>>
>> >>
>> >> >>
>> >> >> PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL: This message and any files transmitted
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>> >> >> to
>> >> >> whom they are addressed. If you are not the intended recipient, any
>> >> use,
>> >> >> copying, disclosure, dissemination or distribution is strictly
>> >> prohibited;
>> >> >> please notify the sender and delete the message.
>> >> >> ViewPlus Technologies, Inc. accepts no liability for damage of any
>> kind
>> >> >> resulting from this email.
>> >> >>
>> >> >>
>> >> >>
>> >> >>
>> >> >> ______________________________********_________________
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>> >
>> >> >
>> >> >> mwhapples%40aim.com<http://****n**fbnet.org/mailman/options/****<http://fbnet.org/mailman/options/**>
>> <http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**options/**<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/options/**>
>> >
>> >> >>
>> >> blindmath_nfbnet.org/******mwhapples%40aim.com<http://blindmath_nfbnet.org/****mwhapples%40aim.com>
>> <http://**blindmath_nfbnet.org/****mwhapples%40aim.com<http://blindmath_nfbnet.org/**mwhapples%40aim.com>
>> >
>> >> <http://**nfbnet.org/mailman/**options<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/options><
>> http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**options <http://nfbnet.org/mailman/options>>
>> >> /blindmath_nfbnet.org/****mwhapples%40aim.com<http://blindmath_nfbnet.org/**mwhapples%40aim.com>
>> <http://**blindmath_nfbnet.org/**mwhapples%40aim.com<http://blindmath_nfbnet.org/mwhapples%40aim.com>
>> >
>> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >>
>> >> >> ______________________________********_________________
>> >> >> Blindmath mailing list
>> >> >> Blindmath at nfbnet.org
>> >> >>
>> >>
>> >> http://nfbnet.org/mailman/********listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.**org<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/******listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org>
>> <http://nfbnet.org/mailman/******listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.**org<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org>
>> >
>> >> <**http://nfbnet.or <http://nfbnet.or>
>> >> g/mailman/**listinfo/**blindmath**_nfbnet.org <
>> http://blindmath_nfbnet.org>
>> >> >
>> >> >>
>> >> <**http://nfbnet.org/mailman/******listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.**org<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org>
>> <http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.**org<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org>
>> >
>> >> **<http://nfbnet.o>> rg/mailman/listinfo/blindmath_****nfbnet.org <
>> http://blindmath_nfbnet.org>>
>>
>> >> >> >
>> >> >> To unsubscribe, change your list options or get your account info
>> for
>> >> >> Blindmath:
>> >> >>
>> >> http://nfbnet.org/mailman/********options/blindmath_nfbnet.**
>> org/******<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/******options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/******>
>> <http://nfbnet.org/**mailman/****options/blindmath_**nfbnet.org/****<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/****>
>> >
>> >> <http://nfbne>> t.org/mailman/**options/****blindmath_nfbnet.org/**<http://t.org/mailman/**options/**blindmath_nfbnet.org/**>
>> <http:/**/t.org/mailman/**options/**blindmath_nfbnet.org/**<http://t.org/mailman/**options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/**>
>> >
>> >> >
>> >> >> baldwin%40dickbaldwin.com<****http**://nfbnet.org/mailman/****
>> options/** <http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**options/**><http://nfbnet.org/**
>> mailman/options/** <http://nfbnet.org/mailman/options/**>>
>> >> >>
>> >> blindmath_nfbnet.org/baldwin%******40dickbaldwin.com<http://****>>
>> nfbnet.org/mailman/o <http://nfbnet.org/mailman/o>
>> >> ptions/blindmath_nfbnet.org/****baldwin%40dickbaldwin.com<http://blindmath_nfbnet.org/**baldwin%40dickbaldwin.com>
>> <http**://blindmath_nfbnet.org/**baldwin%40dickbaldwin.com<http://blindmath_nfbnet.org/baldwin%40dickbaldwin.com>
>> >
>>
>> >> >
>> >> >> >
>> >> >>
>> >> >>
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > --
>> >> > Richard G. Baldwin (Dick Baldwin)
>> >> > Home of Baldwin's on-line Java Tutorials
>> >> > http://www.DickBaldwin.com
>> >> >
>> >> > Professor of Computer Information Technology
>> >> > Austin Community College
>> >> > (512) 223-4758
>> >> > mailto:Baldwin at DickBaldwin.com
>> >> > http://www.austincc.edu/******baldwin/<http://www.austincc.edu/****baldwin/>
>> <http://www.austincc.**edu/**baldwin/<http://www.austincc.edu/**baldwin/>
>> ><
>> >> http://www.austincc.edu/****baldwin/<http://www.austincc.edu/**baldwin/><
>> http://www.austincc.edu/**baldwin/ <http://www.austincc.edu/baldwin/>>>
>>
>> >>
>> >> > ______________________________******_________________
>> >> > Blindmath mailing list
>> >> > Blindmath at nfbnet.org
>> >> >
>> >> http://nfbnet.org/mailman/******listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org>
>> <**http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org>
>> >
>>  >> <**http://nfbnet.org/ <http://nfbnet.org/>
>> >> mailman/listinfo/blindmath_**n**fbnet.org <http://nfbnet.org> <
>> http://blindmath_nfbnet.org>>
>>
>> >> > To unsubscribe, change your list options or get your account info for
>> >> > Blindmath:
>> >> > http://nfbnet.org/mailman/******options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/******<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/****>
>> <http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****options/blindmath_nfbnet.**org/**<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/**>
>> >
>> >> >
>> >> mwhapples%40aim.com<http://**n**fbnet.org/mailman/options/**<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/options/**>>>
>> blindmath_nfbnet.org/m<http://**nfbnet.org/mailman/options/**
>> blindmath_nfbnet.org/m<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/m>
>> >
>> >> whapples%40aim.com>
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > ______________________________******_________________
>>
>> >> > Blindmath mailing list
>> >> > Blindmath at nfbnet.org
>> >> >
>> >> http://nfbnet.org/mailman/******listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org>
>> <**http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org>
>> >
>>  >> <**http://nfbnet.org/ <http://nfbnet.org/>
>> >> mailman/listinfo/blindmath_**n**fbnet.org <http://nfbnet.org> <
>> http://blindmath_nfbnet.org>>
>>
>> >> > To unsubscribe, change your list options or get your account info for
>> >> > Blindmath:
>> >> > http://nfbnet.org/mailman/******options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/******<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/****>
>> <http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****options/blindmath_nfbnet.**org/**<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/**>
>> >
>> >> >
>> >> rebecca.pickrell%40tasc.com<**ht**tp://nfbnet.org/mailman/**
>> >> options/blindmath_nfbn <http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**
>> options/blindmath_nfbn <http://nfbnet.org/mailman/options/blindmath_nfbn>
>> >
>> >> et.org/rebecca.pickrell%****40tasc.com<http://et.org/**
>> rebecca.pickrell%40tasc.com <http://et.org/rebecca.pickrell%40tasc.com>>
>>
>> >> >
>> >>
>> >> > CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This message and any attachments or files
>> >> > transmitted with it (collectively, the "Message") are intended only
>> for
>> >> the
>> >> > addressee and may contain information that is privileged, proprietary
>> >> > and/or prohibited from disclosure by law or contract. If you are not
>> the
>> >> > intended recipient: (a) please do not read, copy or retransmit the
>> >> Message;
>> >> > (b) permanently delete and/or destroy all electronic and hard copies
>> of
>> >> the
>> >> > Message; (c) notify us by return email; and (d) you are hereby
>> notified
>> >> > that any dissemination, distribution or copying of the Message is
>> >> strictly
>> >> > prohibited.
>> >> >
>> >> > ______________________________******_________________
>> >> > Blindmath mailing list
>> >> > Blindmath at nfbnet.org
>> >> >
>> >> http://nfbnet.org/mailman/******listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org>
>> <**http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org>
>> >
>>  >> <**http://nfbnet.org/ <http://nfbnet.org/>
>> >> mailman/listinfo/blindmath_**n**fbnet.org <http://nfbnet.org> <
>> http://blindmath_nfbnet.org>>
>>
>> >> > To unsubscribe, change your list options or get your account info for
>> >> > Blindmath:
>> >> > http://nfbnet.org/mailman/******options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/******<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/****>
>> <http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****options/blindmath_nfbnet.**org/**<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/**>
>> >
>> >> >
>> >> mwhapples%40aim.com<http://**n**fbnet.org/mailman/options/**<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/options/**>>>
>> blindmath_nfbnet.org/m<http://**nfbnet.org/mailman/options/**
>> blindmath_nfbnet.org/m<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/m>
>> >
>> >> whapples%40aim.com>
>> >> >
>> >> > ______________________________******_________________
>>
>> >> > Blindmath mailing list
>> >> > Blindmath at nfbnet.org
>> >> >
>> >> http://nfbnet.org/mailman/******listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org>
>> <**http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org>
>> >
>>  >> <**http://nfbnet.org/ <http://nfbnet.org/>
>> >> mailman/listinfo/blindmath_**n**fbnet.org <http://nfbnet.org> <
>> http://blindmath_nfbnet.org>>
>>
>> >> > To unsubscribe, change your list options or get your account info for
>> >> > Blindmath:
>> >> > http://nfbnet.org/mailman/******options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/******<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/****>
>> <http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****options/blindmath_nfbnet.**org/**<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/**>
>> >
>> >> >
>> >> baldwin%40dickbaldwin.com<**http**://nfbnet.org/mailman/**options/**<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/options/**>
>> >> blindmath_nfbnet <http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**options/blindmath_nfbnet<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/options/blindmath_nfbnet>
>> >
>> >> .org/baldwin%40dickbaldwin.com****>
>>
>> >> >
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> --
>> >> Richard G. Baldwin (Dick Baldwin)
>> >> Home of Baldwin's on-line Java Tutorials
>> >> http://www.DickBaldwin.com
>> >>
>> >> Professor of Computer Information Technology
>> >> Austin Community College
>> >> (512) 223-4758
>> >> mailto:Baldwin at DickBaldwin.com
>> >> http://www.austincc.edu/****baldwin/<http://www.austincc.edu/**baldwin/><
>> http://www.austincc.edu/**baldwin/ <http://www.austincc.edu/baldwin/>>
>> >> ______________________________****_________________
>> >> Blindmath mailing list
>> >> Blindmath at nfbnet.org
>> >> http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org>
>> <**http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org>
>> >
>>
>> >> To unsubscribe, change your list options or get your account info for
>> >> Blindmath:
>> >> http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/****<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/**>
>> >> john.gardner%40orst.e<http://**nfbnet.org/mailman/options/**
>> blindmath_nfbnet.org/john.**gardner%40orst.e<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/john.gardner%40orst.e>
>> >
>> >> du
>>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> ______________________________****_________________
>> >> Blindmath mailing list
>> >> Blindmath at nfbnet.org
>> >> http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org>
>> <**http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org>
>> >
>>
>> >> To unsubscribe, change your list options or get your account info for
>> >> Blindmath:
>> >> http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/****<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/**>
>> >> a.j.godfrey%40massey.ac.nz<htt**p://nfbnet.org/mailman/**
>> options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/**a.j.godfrey%40massey.ac.nz<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/a.j.godfrey%40massey.ac.nz>
>> >
>>
>> >>
>> >
>> > _____
>> > Dr A. Jonathan R. Godfrey
>> > Lecturer in Statistics
>> > Institute of Fundamental Sciences
>> > Massey University
>> > Palmerston North
>> >
>> > Office: Science Tower B Room 3.15
>> > Phone: +64-6-356 9099 ext 7705
>> > Mobile: +64-29-538-9814
>> > Home Address: 22 Bond St, Palm. Nth.
>> > Home Phone: +64-6-353 2224 (Just think FLEABAG)
>> >
>> > ______________________________****_________________
>> > Blindmath mailing list
>> > Blindmath at nfbnet.org
>> > http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org>
>> <**http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org>
>> >
>>
>> > To unsubscribe, change your list options or get your account info for
>> > Blindmath:
>> > http://nfbnet.org/mailman/****options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/****<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/**>
>> > baldwin%40dickbaldwin.com<http**://nfbnet.org/mailman/options/**
>> blindmath_nfbnet.org/baldwin%**40dickbaldwin.com<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/baldwin%40dickbaldwin.com>
>> >
>>
>> >
>>
>>
>>
>> --
>> Richard G. Baldwin (Dick Baldwin)
>> Home of Baldwin's on-line Java Tutorials
>> http://www.DickBaldwin.com
>>
>> Professor of Computer Information Technology
>> Austin Community College
>> (512) 223-4758
>> mailto:Baldwin at DickBaldwin.com
>> http://www.austincc.edu/**baldwin/ <http://www.austincc.edu/baldwin/>
>> ______________________________**_________________
>> Blindmath mailing list
>> Blindmath at nfbnet.org
>> http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org>
>> To unsubscribe, change your list options or get your account info for
>> Blindmath:
>> http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/**
>> a.j.godfrey%40massey.ac.nz<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/a.j.godfrey%40massey.ac.nz>
>>
>
> _____
> Dr A. Jonathan R. Godfrey
> Lecturer in Statistics
> Institute of Fundamental Sciences
> Massey University
> Palmerston North
>
> Office: Science Tower B Room 3.15
> Phone: +64-6-356 9099 ext 7705
> Mobile: +64-29-538-9814
> Home Address: 22 Bond St, Palm. Nth.
> Home Phone: +64-6-353 2224 (Just think FLEABAG)
>
> ______________________________**_________________
> Blindmath mailing list
> Blindmath at nfbnet.org
> http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/listinfo/blindmath_nfbnet.org>
> To unsubscribe, change your list options or get your account info for
> Blindmath:
> http://nfbnet.org/mailman/**options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/**
> baldwin%40dickbaldwin.com<http://nfbnet.org/mailman/options/blindmath_nfbnet.org/baldwin%40dickbaldwin.com>
>

-- 
Richard G. Baldwin (Dick Baldwin)
Home of Baldwin's on-line Java Tutorials
http://www.DickBaldwin.com

Professor of Computer Information Technology
Austin Community College
(512) 223-4758
mailto:Baldwin at DickBaldwin.com
http://www.austincc.edu/baldwin/
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